共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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2010年,作者在辽东半岛成功进行了裙带菜室内常温全人工育苗大规模生产试验,并全程进行了光照强度、温度和配子体发育相关性的研究。研究表明,采用双高光期(≥50μmolphotons/m2·s)调控配子体的生长和发育可达到理想效果。从采苗至度夏前,采用高光照使配子体充分完成营养生长;从度夏结束至幼苗出库前,同样采用高光照,使配子体快速发育形成孢子体并迅速生长。现场观察表明,只要光照强度逾越了诱导发育的阈值,裙带菜配子体在24℃仍然能够正常发育并形成孢子体;幼孢子体能够耐受24～26℃的高温,但是最适生长温度为20～22℃;孢子体越小,耐受高温能力越强。在24～26℃的高温条件下,幼孢子体生长缓慢,较大个体会出现尖端溃烂缺失的现象。在整个育苗过程中,根据温度变化和配子体的显微观察结果因地制宜地对光线进行实时调整。出库前培育的苗帘在幼苗密度、大小和健康方面均达到商业化栽培的要求。 相似文献
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本文报道了裙带菜幼孢子体的营养细胞2n配子体的产生过程及其发育特点、性分化、发育成熟时间,进行了2n配子体间及与正常配子体的杂交,培育出3n、4n幼孢子体。测定了不同倍性幼孢子体的生长。观察到3n幼孢子体的染色体数为90。 相似文献
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长石莼（缘管浒苔）生活史的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
摘要: 通过实验室培养观察,发现缘管浒苔的生活史包括单性生殖、无性生殖和有性生殖三种方式。单株培养时,发现有些配子体通过放散两鞭毛的配子完成单性生殖;有些孢子体通过放散两鞭毛或四鞭毛的中性游孢子进行无性生殖。同时,有性生殖则由配子体和孢子体相互交替完成;多株培养时,雌雄异体的配子体成熟后,分别放散两鞭毛的雌雄配子,雌雄配子接合成合子,合子进一步发育成孢子体,孢子体成熟后放散四鞭毛的游孢子,游孢子运动一段时间后固着,随后发育成配子体。缘管浒苔的生活史是单倍的配子体与二倍的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替。在缘管浒苔的生活史中,无性生殖和单性生殖占有优势。因为不论是在无性生殖过程中的游孢子还是单性生殖过程中的配子,一经附着即可生长,无须经过有性生殖雌雄配子的接合过程,这就缩短了繁殖周期,加之配子囊和孢子囊放散配子和孢子的数量很大,在海况条件适宜的情况下,使缘管浒苔大量繁殖,从而可能成为“绿潮”的成因之一。 相似文献
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通过实验室培养观察,发现Ulva linza的生活史包括单性生殖、无性生殖和有性生殖三种方式.单株培养时,发现有些配子体通过放散两鞭毛的配子完成单性生殖;有些孢子体通过放散两鞭毛或四鞭毛的中性游孢子进行无性生殖.同时,有性生殖则由配子体和孢子体相互交替完成;多株培养时,雌雄异体的配子体成熟后,分别放散两鞭毛的雌雄配子,雌雄配子接合成合子,合子进一步发育成孢子体,孢子体成熟后放散四鞭毛的游孢子,游孢子运动一段时间后固着,随后发育成配子体.Ulva linza的生活史是单倍的配子体与二倍的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替.在Ulva linza的生活史中,无性生殖和单性生殖占有优势.因为不论是在无性生殖过程中的游孢子还是单性生殖过程中的配子,一经附着即可生长,无须经过有性生殖雌雄配子的接合过程,这就缩短了繁殖周期,加之配子囊和孢子囊放散配子和孢子的数量很大,在海况条件适宜的情况下,使Ulva linza大量繁殖,从而可能成为"绿潮"的成因之一. 相似文献
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巨藻 Macrocystis pyrifera 配子体实验是在光强3,000勒下进行,以每日光照时间分为4、8、10、14、18和24小时等6组,孢子体实验以光照强度分为500、2,000、3,000勒3组。水温均为10～12℃。所得结果: 1.在光强3,000勒下,光照时间对巨藻胚孢子萌发和配子体形成的影响不大,每日光照8～14小时是雌配子体生长的适宜光照时间,雄配子体为8～24小时。每日光照8～14小时是巨藻配子体发育的适宜光照时间,每日光照10小时为最佳光照。雄配子体发育的适宜光时为每日光照8～24小时。2.巨藻幼孢子体所需要的光照时间,随光强的减弱而相应地延长。幼孢子体生长在3,000勒下,以每口光照8～12小时为宜,10小时为最适光照。在2,000勒下,每日光照略短于16小时为宜。500勒下,以光照20小时为最适光照。过短的光照限制了幼体的生长,光照过长引起严重白化死亡。3.首次发现巨藻幼孢子体在光强500勒每日光照20小时下,其长宽生长速度大大超过生长在光强3,000勒,每日光照10小时的藻体。据此认为,对巨藻幼孢子体培养的光照强度和光照时间,选用低光强长光照为宜,以500勒每日光照20小时最好。 相似文献
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2007年11月到2009年4月在海南黎安,以养殖多年的红褐色长心卡帕藻为材料,跟踪观察了四分孢子形成、释放、萌发以及配子体苗形态建成过程。结果表明,（1）该长心卡帕藻被确定为四分孢子体,四分孢子形成和释放主要发生在夏季和秋季（2008年4月到2008年10月）。（2）人工诱导可促使四分孢子萌发并形成胚苗,胚苗色泽出现明显分化,有红褐色、黄绿色、深绿色、黄绿—红嵌合等不同类型。（3）四分孢子萌发率达到87.1%±7.2%,培养皿内胚苗平均日生长率为（6.3±1.1） %/d,在四分孢子萌发10 d左右假根出现并于培养30 d左右消失。（4）胚苗经过约5个月实验室培养发育成的配子体苗达到了下海挂养程度大小,在海上培养初期配子体苗日生长率大多在10 %/d以上,最高可达21.2 %/d,但随着藻体长大生长速率逐渐下降。经过4个多月海上挂养栽培,获得了藻枝形态、粗细、疏密程度和生长速率等差异明显的多种配子体,部分配子体活力和抗逆性比其母本有显著增加。 相似文献
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以实验室内保存培养的裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)2n♀配子体为实验材料,经切碎培养,促进2n♀配子体成熟,排出卵进行孤雌生殖,形成幼抱子体.将0.5～1.0 cm的孤雌生殖幼孢子体的假根切除,从其体细胞中诱导出2n♀配子体.实验结果表明,在10～20℃范围内,培养20 d后,在15℃和20℃下的2n♀配子体排出的卵的孤雌生殖率分别为8.4%和7.4%,明显高于10℃下的1%0 20℃下诱导培养15d后就出现了2n♀配子体,培养60 d后,2n♀配子体的诱导率达到100%;15℃下培养30 d后才出现2n♀配子体,60 d后的诱导率为38%;而10℃下诱导培养45d后才开始出现2n♀配子体,60 d后的诱导率仅为12%.将诱导产生的2n♀配子体切碎,在20℃下培养10d后的成熟率为34%,60 d的成熟率达到100%.通过孤雌生殖幼孢子体诱导产生的2n♀配子体与正常♂配子体杂交形成了3n裙带菜幼孢子体.本研究发现了获得大量2n♀配子体的新方法,旨在为裙带菜三倍体幼苗规模化培育奠定基础. 相似文献
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鉴于海带染色体比较小且数目存在分歧等原因,利用0.2%秋水仙素对海带配子体及孢子体处理10 h左右,经过卡诺试剂固定、多种酶组合处理及30 cm的高位滴片,可以获得质量比较高的海带染色体;使用灵敏度高、特异性强的DNA荧光染料DAPI进行染色,结果显示,海带雌、雄配子体的染色体各为31条,孢子体染色体为62条,大多为短杆状或者点状;雌配子体染色体的大小为0.78～2.61μm,稍大于雄配子体(大小为0.57～2.17μm)。根据染色体的大小,对海带配子体的染色体核型进行了初步分析。这些结果为分子标记的染色体定位等细胞学研究奠定了技术基础。 相似文献
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Xiaojie Li Jialiang Liu Yizhou Cong Shancun Qu Zhuangzhi Zhang Hongliang Dai Shiju Luo Xiaobing Han Shaoshan Huang Qingyan Wang Guangjing Liang Juan Sun Yu Jin Deqing Wang Guanpin Yang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):76-80
Dongfang No. 3, a Laminaria hybrid, was bred by hybridizing a female gametophyte clone isolated from Line 7 of L. japonica with a male one isolated from Line LZZ which was developed through hybridizing female gametophyte clones of L. lonngissima and male gametophyte clones of L. japonica followed by continuous self-crossing and tolerances of strong irradiance and high seawater temperature targeted selection. The parental gametophyte clones of Dongfang No. 3 have a more than intraspecific but less than interspecific relationship. The seedlings of the hybrid were raised with the techniques of gametophyte clone asexual reproduction and hybridization and cultivated on trial. The dark brown hybrid has a wide, uniform, ripple-less and very tough blade and a very robust holdfast. A deep vertical groove and a half-round joint between stripe and blade distinguished also the hybrid from the varieties of L. japonica. The hybrid is tolerant of strong irradiance and high seawater temperature and resistant to the tissue rottenness of blade tip and edge. The hybrid matured later than the varieties of L. japonica widely used currently. The trial cultivation of this Laminaria hybrid has reached > 406 ha in total. It increased the yield by 60.5% and 54.8% in average on that of Benniu (Control I) and Zaohoucheng (Control II), respectively, and by 62.4% and 75.8% on that of Line LZZ and Line 7, respectively, as were observed in Weihai, Shandong Province, China, in 3 continuous years, and by 57.0% and 32.1% in average on that of Control I and II, respectively, across 10 sites on the coast of north China in 2 continuous years. The breeding and application of Laminaria hybrids have paved an avenue of the direct use of heterosis, the easy integration of elite agronomical traits and fast renewing of Laminaria varieties. 相似文献
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不同营养元素对海带幼体发病及育苗效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
进行了不同营养条件下海带配子体死亡率、幼孢子体畸形率及育苗效果的比较试验，发现含有氮、磷、铁、硼的完全营养液育苗效果较好，缺氮、缺磷、缺铁各组则受到没程度影响。营养条件是影响幼苗发病和出苗率的重要因素。海带育苗中应添加微量元素。 相似文献
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Variation in morphology and PSII photosynthetic characteristics of Macrocystis pyrifera during development from gametophyte to juvenile sporophyte 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dong Xu Naihao Ye Shaona Cao Yitao Wang Dongsheng Wang Xiao Fan Xiaowen Zhang Meiling An Shanli Mou Yuze Mao 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(7):1699-1706
Currently, there is increasing demand for brown kelp, especially Macrocystis spp., to support the development of the abalone industry and for use as raw material for the production of alginate. Thus, there is a need to supplement the naturally available kelp biomass with the development of mariculture techniques. In this study, we investigated whether it was possible to cultivate Macrocystis pyrifera sporophytes in the laboratory using gametophyte clones. We propagated gametophytes by periodic fragmentation and then mixed aseptically an equal number of male and female gametophytes to induce fertilization. Approximately 60 days after fertilization, numerous embryonic sporophytes emerged on the seed fibre. By using chlorophyll fluorescence technology, we investigated variation in the photosystem II (PSII) characteristics of M. pyrifera during development from the gametophyte to juvenile sporophyte stage. During this growth period, both the optimal (Fv/Fm) and effective (YII) PSII quantum yields increased significantly from the haploid gametophyte to diploid sporophyte stages. In addition, by comparing female gametophytes with male gametophytes, we found that female gametophytes were not only larger and more pigmented than the males, but also recorded higher values of Fv/Fm and YII. Our results supplemented information on the life cycle and PSII photosynthetic performance during the early development and confirmed the possibility of artificial seeding technology, both of which may contribute to mariculture of M. pyrifera in China in the near future. 相似文献
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根据对大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)繁殖生产实践的探索,总结了一种从产前准备到催熟、催产、孵化和出苗五个生产阶段的苗种批量生产的方法。通过受精卵生物学实验、不同雌雄比生产性试验,提出雌雄分离单性催熟、混合催产素集中注射、同步催产、卵与亲鳅快速分离和发塘标志性形态特征判定等多项关键的技术措施,实现了苗种快速批量生产。三组不同雌雄比的生产试验表明:繁殖亲鳅300组,雌雄比为1∶0.85时,孵化率为70.31%,出苗量最高,出苗152.7万尾。该研究为加快大鳞副泥鳅产业发展,规范人工繁殖和苗种批量生产提供依据。 相似文献
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Francis Saiti Daniel M Jamu Busiso Chisala & Patrick Kambewa 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(4):340-350
A cohort‐based bio‐economic biomass growth and economic model, validated with data from experiments conducted in Malawi, was used to identify an optimal harvesting strategy for mixed‐sex tilapia ponds. Three harvesting scenarios (baseline, economic optimum time +10 days and economic optimum time) were used. In each harvesting scenario four options were explored: (i) no further harvest, harvest every (ii) 60 days, (iii) 90 days and (iv) 120 days after initial harvest. The lowest simulated yield (487 kg ha−1 year−1) was obtained when no partial harvesting was carried out and fish were harvested after 365 days. Maximum yield (4416 kg ha−1 year−1) was obtained when partial harvests were carried out every 90 days starting with a first harvest of fish weighing 60 g or more at day 90. Maximum financial returns (US$2561 ha−1 year−1) were obtained when partial harvests were carried out every 120 days starting with the first harvest at day 90 and removing all fish ≥60 g. The model simulations indicate that mixed‐sex tilapia culture may be profitable for tilapia farmers in Africa where markets accept small (60–150 g)‐sized fish. The study further shows that a cohort‐based population growth model can be reliably incorporated in tilapia production models to simulate fish yields in mixed‐sex tilapia production systems. However, incorporation of intergenerational competition effects could improve the model's utility as a decision support tool for managing mixed‐sex tilapia production. 相似文献
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为研究匍枝马尾藻有性繁育过程的特点和人工育苗的可行性,通过野外观察和室内培养观察的方法,对匍枝马尾藻雌雄生殖托特点、受精卵分化等有性繁育过程、以及假根的形成、幼苗发育进行了研究,此外还对匍枝马尾藻的人工育苗进行了初步探索。试验结果表明,匍枝马尾藻的繁殖季节集中在每年的5—6月份;水温达到28℃时,生殖托出现排精排卵现象;从受精卵发育到形成具有假根的幼苗约需要48h;幼苗发育缓慢,35d后出现原生叶。人工育苗结果显示,幼苗栽培35d,幼苗株高为2.5~3mm,密度为6~10株/cm2;海区栽培60d后,匍枝马尾藻幼苗株高可达到7cm,幼苗密度为2株/cm2。本试验结果为匍枝马尾藻的人工规模环境育苗提供了技术指导。 相似文献