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1.
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases of plants worldwide. Management of bacterial wilt in tomato and other crops has been difficult, and so novel but easily implemented control methods are being sought. To evaluate the effect of cold-water irrigation on bacterial wilt of tomato, four treatments were used in which CF (chemically fertilized) soil and CF + FYM (chemical fertilizer + farmyard manure [FYM]) soil were inoculated with a bacterial suspension (R. solanacearum strain YU1Rif43) at 106 colony forming units (CFU) g?1 soil. Tomato seedlings were grown in Agri-pots in a plant growth chamber. The soil was irrigated with water that was kept at the same temperature in each treatment: 4, 10, 20, or 30°C. Incidence and severity of wilt, counting of the colonies of the culturable population of pathogen, and dry-mass and height of the plants were examined. After 45 days and in both kinds of soil, most of the plants had wilted in soil irrigated at 30°C. Wilt incidence was substantially reduced when transplanted seedlings were irrigated at lower temperatures (4–20°C). Survival of R. solanacearum was also reduced after being irrigated with water at lower temperatures, indicating that the reduced incidence of wilt was linked to reduced survival of the pathogen. Dry-mass and plant height were slightly higher under control conditions than in soils irrigated at lower temperatures. This study suggests that cold-water irrigation could significantly reduce bacterial wilt of tomato and have an adverse effect on survival of the wilt pathogen. 相似文献
2.
Teruo NONOMURA Yoshinori MATSUDA Motoaki TSUDA Kazuto URANAKA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):224-227
Commercially available tomato cultivars were hydroponically cultured for inoculation, with Ralstonia solanacearum (K-101), which causes bacterial wilt, by pouring an inoculum suspension into the nutrient solution. Cultivar susceptibility
to the bacteria was evaluated, based on the highest percentage of wilting. Because the length of time for wilt appearance
varied among cultivars, some cultivars appeared to be suppressive to the translocation and/or multiplication of the invading
pathogen. Thus, this hydroponic inoculation system is effective for examining levels of susceptibility in tomato cultivars
to bacterial wilt.
Received 13 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 27 March 2001 相似文献
3.
Resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato as discerned by spread of Pseudomonas (Burholderia) solanacearum in the stem tissues 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Different criteria were compared for assessing bacterial wilt resistance in 13 tomato genotypes varying in disease susceptibility. Wilt severity and bacterial invasiveness at collar and midstem were compared in the field under cooler (March to May, 20–28°C) and warmer months (June to August, 23–29°C), which were unfavourable and favourable to wilt symptom expression, respectively. A model was proposed for determining resistance regardless of climatic conditions prevalent during field experimentation. This model was based on an estimate of bacterial invasiveness termed the colonization index. Using a qualitative imprint method we confirmed that the more resistant the genotype, the lower the bacterial colonization of the stem. The colonization index accounted both for wilted plants and for infected asymptomatic plants in which Pseudomonas solanacearum populations failed to produce wilt. The colonization index at midstem was the more useful indicator of resistance under favourable conditions. When environmental conditions were unfavourable to wilt, colonization index at collar level discerned resistant genotypes more clearly. The results formed the basis for a model for predicting the degree and stability of resistance in tomato. 相似文献
4.
Yasuhiro Inoue Akira Kawaguchi Kazuhiro Nakaho 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):118-123
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato, grows in infected plants and migrates from the roots into the soil. We investigated the effectiveness of bacterial wilt-resistant tomato rootstock in reducing the migration of R. solanacearum from susceptible scions into the soil. Rootstock stems were either 3–5 cm tall (low-grafted, LG) or ≥?10 cm tall (high-grafted, HG). After inoculation of scions of the susceptible cultivar (SC) with R. solanacearum below the first flower, there was no difference in disease progression among LG, HG, and ungrafted SC plants, and plants had wilted by 2 weeks. However, the rate of detection of R. solanacearum in the soil of wilted plants was reduced by grafting. The size of the R. solanacearum population in the soil of fully wilted plants increased in the order of HG?<?LG?<?SC. These results show that grafting onto resistant rootstock strongly suppressed the migration of R. solanacearum into the soil by the time of full wilting, and the effect was stronger with a longer rootstock. Migration of R. solanacearum into soil increased with increasing disease severity in SC, LG and HG. These facts suggest that early uprooting of slightly infected plants could control the spread of the bacteria into the soil. 相似文献
5.
Development of sustainable food systems is contingent upon the adoption of land management practices that can mitigate damage from soilborne pests. Five diverse land management practices were studied for their impacts on Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), galling of roots by Meloidogyne spp. and marketable yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and to identify associations between the severity of pest damage and the corresponding soil microbial community structure. The incidence of Fusarium wilt was >14% when tomato was cultivated following 3 to 4 years of an undisturbed weed fallow or continuous tillage disk fallow rotation and was >4% after 3 to 4 years of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) rotation or organic production practices that included soil amendments and cover crops. The incidence of Fusarium wilt under conventional tomato production with soil fumigation varied from 2% in 2003 to 15% in 2004. Repeated tomato cultivation increased Fusarium wilt by 20% or more except when tomato was grown using organic practices, where disease remained less than 3%. The percent of tomato roots with galls from Meloidogyne spp. ranged from 18 to 82% in soil previously subjected to a weed fallow rotation and 7 to 15% in soil managed previously as a bahiagrass pasture. Repeated tomato cultivation increased the severity of root galling in plots previously subjected to a conventional or disk fallow rotation but not in plots managed using organic practices, where the percentage of tomato roots with galls remained below 1%. Marketable yield of tomato exceeded 35 Mg ha(-1) following all land management strategies except the strip-tillage/bahiagrass program. Marketable yield declined by 11, 14, and 19% when tomato was grown in consecutive years following a bahiagrass, weed fallow, and disk rotation. The composition of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons isolated from soil fungal and bacterial communities corresponded with observed differences in the incidence of Fusarium wilt and severity of root galling from Meloidogyne spp. and provided evidence of an association between the effect of land management practices on soil microbial community structure, severity of root galling from Meloidogyne spp., and the incidence of Fusarium wilt. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACT Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a model system for studying plant-bacterial interactions, because it is genetically one of the best characterized plant diseases. We demonstrate here that four different strains of R. solanacearum, two from radishes (Rd4 and Rd15) and two from tomato (Ps21 and Ps95), can infect 27 different ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, causing different responses. All ecotypes tested were highly susceptible to strain Rd15, which caused symptoms similar to those observed in tomato plants. For example, leaf drooping and discoloration developed just 3 days after inoculation, and plants completely wilted within 1 week. Strains Rd4 and Ps95 were less infectious than Rd15. With these two strains, a variety of disease responses were observed among different ecotypes at 2 weeks after inoculation; both susceptible and resistant ecotypes of A. thaliana were identified. Ps21 was the least infectious of the four strains and caused almost no symptoms in any of the ecotypes of Arabidopsis tested. Direct bacterial isolation and plant skeleton hybridization analysis from infected plants indicated that bacterial colonization was correlated with the severity of symptoms. Growth of bacteria was limited to the infection site in resistant plants, whereas the bacteria spread throughout susceptible plants by 1 week after inoculation. 相似文献
7.
A simple test for determining the resistance of tomato lines toFusarium andVerticillium wilt diseases was developed. Roots of tomato seedlings at their first true leaf stage were dipped in a heavy suspension of the pathogen for 24 h. The seedlings were then transferred to small beakers containing various concentrations of Hoagland solution. The first and most severe disease symptoms appeared on susceptible cultivars grown in 25% Hoagland nutrient solution. Final results of resistance tests were obtained 10, 8 and 16 days after inoculation withFusarium race 1, race 2, andVerticillium, respectively. The test appears to be simple, results are obtained rapidly, and greenhouse space can be saved. 相似文献
8.
《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2004,64(5):233-243
Silicon amendment significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence expressed as area under disease progress curve for tomato genotypes L390 (susceptible) by 26.8% and King Kong2 (moderately resistant) by 56.1% compared to non-treated plants grown in hydroponic culture. However, wilt incidence in silicon-treated plants of genotype L390 reached 100% at 13 days post-inoculation (dpi), while in genotype King Kong2, plant death was retarded by 6 days, with 20% reduction of final wilt incidence. Bacterial numbers were significantly lower in silicon-treated compared to non-treated plants in King Kong2 at 2 dpi in midstems and in all organs at 5 dpi, and in Hawaii 7998 (resistant) in all organs at 2 dpi. Differences between genotypes were obvious on midstem level (5 dpi), where bacterial populations were generally significantly lower compared to roots. Increased tolerance was observed in genotypes L390 and King Kong2 with silicon treatment.Silicon accumulated in roots and was low in stems and leaves. Inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum did not significantly affect silicon uptake and distribution. Negative correlations between root silicon content and bacterial numbers of midstems in genotypes Hawaii 7998 and King Kong2 suggested an induced resistance. Indications for an influence of host genotype and silicon treatment on the phenotypic conversion of R. solanacearum strain To-udk2-sb from fluidal to non-fluidal colonies in planta were observed.This is the first report on the effect of silicon on a bacterial disease and in a silicon-non-accumulator plant. 相似文献
9.
两株植物根际促生菌对番茄青枯病的生物防治效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了Erwinia persicinus RA2和Bacillus pumilus WP8浸种和拌土处理对番茄青枯病的实际防治效果,及其对番茄根际微生物群落的影响。结果显示,两株菌都具有防治番茄青枯病的作用,并能不同程度地促进番茄幼苗生长。主要体现在显著提高番茄幼苗健株率,病原菌处理的健株率最低,仅为22.4%,而RA2和WP8浸种处理分别达68.9%和62.8%;促进幼苗地上部增高、增粗和根部生长,如WP8浸种处理的茎叶干重和根干重分别达到4.87 mg·株^-1和35.69 mg·株^-1,分别比病原菌对照提高110.82%和205.83%。浸种处理的促进效应明显优于拌土处理;还能在一定程度上提高土壤水稳性团聚体（〉0.25 mm）比例,WP8浸种处理尤为明显,分别比空白对照和病原菌对照提高269.91%和156.88%。DGGE指纹图谱表明根际微生物群落受番茄种植的影响最大,其次是青枯病菌,而受这两种菌施用的影响最小。 相似文献
10.
Activation of tomato plant defence responses against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum using DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Moahmed A. E. Hassan Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):145-157
In this study, we investigated the ability of DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA) to protect tomato against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. This was combined with studies of accumulation of total phenolic compounds, free and total salicylic acid (SA), and activity of enzymes related to plant defence, i.e., polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT). Under greenhouse conditions, tomato plants pre-treated by soil drenching with BABA profoundly reduced disease severity of bacterial wilt compared to plants receiving a soil drench with water. Thus, BABA reduced leaf wilting index by 75.3 % and vascular browning index by 69.9 %, without any in vitro inhibitory activity on the pathogen. BABA treatment significantly reduced the population of R. solanacearum in stems of tomato plants and additionally also significantly increased both fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots of tomato plants compared with the inoculated control. Application of BABA resulted in a high increase in PPO activity both in plants with and without inoculation. Compared to water-treated plants, treatment with BABA also induced a significant increase of total phenolic compounds as well as of free and total SA in leaves of both inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants at all sampling times. CAT activity decreased in tomato plants treated with BABA in comparison with the water-treated control plants and the decrease in activity correlated with an increasing total SA accumulation. These findings suggest that BABA treatment resulted in induction of resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato. 相似文献
11.
为了探明桉树内生细菌群落变化与桉树对青枯病抗性间的关系,试验用加入抗生素的培养基继代培养尾叶桉组培苗,采用PCR-DGGE技术检测了经抗生素处理后桉苗内生细菌的变化,并测定其对青枯病的抗性。结果显示,浓度为60 mg·L-1的氯霉素和150 mg·L-1的氨苄青霉素显著降低了桉树组培苗根部内生细菌的数量,但对茎、叶中内生细菌的数量没有影响。DGGE图谱显示,氨苄青霉素处理的桉苗与对照苗的条带基本一致,氯霉素处理后与对照条带有明显的区别,表明氨苄青霉素只影响了桉苗内生细菌的数量,氯霉素使桉苗内生细菌的优势菌发生了变化。对DGGE条带克隆测序和Blast比对发现,A、B、C条带的序列(KU363009、KU363010和KU363011)与GenBank中不可培养细菌的序列(KJ655389.1、KF006350.1和FJ832152.1)相似性分别为100%、99%和99%;D条带序列(KU363012)与不可培养的色球藻属(Chroococcidiopsis sp.)序列(LN878320.1)相似性达到98%。氨苄青霉素和氯霉素处理后,桉苗青枯病的初发病时间与对照相比延后1~2 d,氨苄青霉素处理的桉苗发病率显著低于对照。氯霉素处理的前6 d发病率显著低于对照,之后发病率急剧上升与对照无显著差异。上述结果表明,氨苄青霉素和氯霉素可以减少桉苗根中内生细菌的数量,并推迟桉树青枯病的发病时间。 相似文献
12.
利用拮抗的Pseudomonas spp.和无致病力的P.solanacearum防治青枯病的研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
从番茄、烟和木麻黄根围土壤中分离了606个Pseudomonas spp.菌株,94a和22a对番茄、烟和花生青枯病有一定效果。用番茄青枯菌和花生青枯菌通过Co60辐射和紫外光诱变的无致病力菌株,25c、55b对番茄青枯病;45b对花生青枯病;107b对花生青枯病;有一些效果。但不够理想。试验结果证明从植物根围土壤筛选有拮抗作用的P.spp.有可能用于防治青枯病。 相似文献
13.
抗不同生化型青枯菌的生防菌筛选鉴定及其活性分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为更好地利用生防菌控制青枯病危害,从不同地区的土壤中分离到569株细菌菌株,筛选到3株对5种不同生化型青枯劳尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum具有较强拮抗活性的菌株,其中菌株BS2004的拮抗活性最强。以BS2004的菌悬液为对照,分别测定无菌滤液、蛋白酶K及高温热处理后拮抗物质抑菌活性的变化。结果显示,蛋白酶K及高温热处理后,该菌的抑菌活性显著降低,表明其主要抑菌成分为蛋白类物质。在设施栽培条件下用生防菌BS2004菌悬液处理番茄植株,能有效控制番茄青枯病的发生,防治效果达66.75%,同时还发现,重新分离得到的青枯菌菌体数明显受到生防菌的抑制。通过对BS2004的形态、生理生化特征、脂肪酸鉴定、16S rDNA序列等进行分析,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。 相似文献
14.
采用室内MS平板植物组培法、温室盆栽试验和微生物特异性平板分离检测技术,评估了枯草芽孢杆菌Bs916对番茄的促生、防治青枯病的作用,研究了菌株Bs916对番茄根表及茎内青枯菌种群数量的影响和对番茄根围可培养微生物含量的影响。在植物组培MS平板中,枯草芽孢杆菌Bs916对番茄植株鲜重具有促生作用,播种15 d后,其鲜重达79.8 mg,比未处理对照增加9.61%。盆栽试验显示,枯草芽孢杆菌Bs916灌根处理番茄后14 d,对番茄青枯病的防治效果达55.6%;菌株Bs916处理番茄后,番茄根表、茎内青枯菌含量和未处理对照的青枯菌含量变化趋势一致,均呈现随着时间的改变而逐渐下降的趋势,菌株Bs916处理的根表青枯菌含量约为未处理对照的1/100~1/10,而茎内青枯菌含量为未处理对照的1/50~1/2。此外,菌株Bs916的施用对番茄根围土壤中细菌种群具有先抑制后促进的作用,对真菌具有先促进后快速抑制的作用,而对根围放线菌则无显著性影响。以上结果表明,芽孢杆菌Bs916具有潜在的防治番茄青枯病的田间应用前景,也为其田间应用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
15.
Truong Thi Hong Hai Elisabeth Esch Jaw-Fen Wang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):471-479
A total of 252 wild Solanum accessions and one population of 49 introgression lines of LA716 were screened for resistance to a race 1/biovar 4/phylotype
I strain Pss186 of Ralstonia solanacearum. Most wild tomato accessions were highly susceptible. However, five accessions of S. pennellii, i.e. LA1943, LA716, LA1656, LA1732 and TL01845 were resistant to strain Pss186. These accessions were then challenged against
two other race 1/phylotpye I strains Pss4 and Pss190, which were more aggressive. All the five S. pennellii accessions were susceptible to Pss4, but displayed high to moderate resistance to Pss190 with a percentage of wilted plants
ranging from 0% to 60%. Pss190 is an aggressive strain that made a resistant tomato line Hawaii 7996 susceptible. Thus, the
results found in this study provide evidence of the presence of strain-specific resistance. LA3501, which has an introgression
segment on chromosome 6, was found to be resistant to Pss186 among the screened introgression lines. This confirms the importance
of resistance trait loci on chromosome 6 that have been identified by other studies. This is the first report of S. pennellii being resistant to bacterial wilt. These new resistant sources will provide breeders with more resources to breed for stable
resistance to bacterial wilt of tomato. 相似文献
16.
G. Sharabani S. Manulis‐Sasson L. Chalupowicz M. Borenstein R. Shulhani M. Lofthouse M. Sofer O. Frenkel O. Dror D. Shtienberg 《Plant pathology》2014,63(5):1119-1129
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial canker and wilt, causes severe economic losses in tomato net‐houses and greenhouses worldwide. In this study, seedlings which were transplanted and inoculated monthly over 2 years wilted and died earlier in the spring (21–24°C) and autumn (18–23°C) than in the winter (15–18°C) and summer (28–31°C): T50 (the time taken for 50% of the plants to wilt or die) was 2 and 3–4 months after inoculation, respectively. A highly significant correlation was found between the average temperatures during the first month after inoculation and T50; the shortest T50 mortality (70 days) was observed for an average temperature of 26°C. Expression of virulence genes (pat‐1, celA, chpC and ppaA) by Cmm was higher in plants inoculated in the spring than in those inoculated in the summer. In another set of experiments, seedlings were inoculated and maintained in controlled‐environment growth chambers for 2 weeks. Subsequently, they were transplanted and maintained in commercial‐type greenhouses for 4–5 months. The temperatures prevailing in the first 48 h after inoculation were found to affect Cmm population size and virulence gene expression and to have season‐long effects on bacterial canker development. 相似文献
17.
Bacterial wilt resistance in tomato associated with tolerance of vascular tissues to Pseudomonas solanacearum 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
High populations of Pseudomonas solanacearum were detected in some, but not all stems of bacterial wilt resistant ('CRA 66', 'Hawaii 7996' and 'Caraibo') and susceptible ('Floradel') tomatoes. Latent infection, i.e. spread of P. solanacearum into xylem vessels, was confirmed in Caraibo, Hawaii 7996 and 'CRA 66' (the resistant parent of Caraibo). None of the plants within the resistant cultivars wilted and those cultivars were characterized by tolerance of the vascular tissues to high bacterial densities. In contrast, plants of cultivar Floradel showed consistent symptoms and wilted rapidly, with higher mean bacterial density than resistant cultivars. Bacterial wilt resistance was not associated with resistance to bacterial root invasion but with the capability of the plant to limit P. solanacearum colonization in the stem. The extent of bacterial colonization is proposed as a criterion to quantify tolerance, complementary to absence of external wilt symptoms used in breeding programmes for resistance. 相似文献
18.
内生菌B47的定殖能力及其对番茄青枯病的防治作用 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11
从番茄茎分离的内生枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B47对番茄青枯病有较好的防治作用,利用该菌株的抗链霉素突变菌株,研究其在土壤和番茄植株根、茎中的定殖能力及其对番茄青枯病的防治作用。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B47可在土壤和番茄植株中定殖。B47施到土壤中后的15~45天,其数量逐步增加,45天后,其数量逐步下降。B47在土壤中的定殖能力随土壤的种类和土壤的处理情况而异。施入菜地土后的第45天,B47在非灭菌土中的数量是9.91×105cfu/g土壤干重,而在灭菌土中的数量是9.84×107cfu/g土壤干重。接种后,番茄植株根和茎中的B47数量,从苗期到结果期逐渐增加,但到了成熟期呈下降趋势。B47和番茄青枯病菌混合施入土壤后,随B47的数量增加番茄青枯病菌的数量显著降低。当番茄植株根和茎中B47的含量分别为1.17×104cfu/g鲜重和3.33×104cfu/g鲜重时,接种番茄青枯病菌后的第20天,对番茄青枯病的防治效果达79.79%。 相似文献
19.
为了明确植物疫苗鄂鲁冷特对番茄育苗及其田间青枯病防治效果的影响,在番茄育苗基质中添加植物疫苗,测定处理后种苗株高、根系长度及出苗率;在田间种植共设疫苗袋装、沟施、浇灌及生防菌剂、化学农药和清水对照6个处理,对根系土壤的养分含量、植株的生物学性状及青枯病发病率进行研究。结果表明,植物疫苗处理分别能使番茄植株株高、根系长度和出苗率提高13.71%、68.20%和56.66%;疫苗袋装和沟施处理的番茄根系土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和交换性钙含量均显著高于其它处理;疫苗袋装、沟施和浇灌均能显著提高番茄植株的株高、花数和产量,其中疫苗袋装处理效果最好,番茄产量最高为99.55 t/hm~2,对不同生育期的平均防治效果最高为93.47%。表明植物疫苗鄂鲁冷特的应用能育出壮苗,降低青枯发病率,提高产量。 相似文献
20.
为了验证来自益母草Leonums japonicusHoutt种子的抗菌蛋白基因LjAMP1和LjAMP2对植物病害的广谱抗性,用根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导法,将其分别转入台湾圣女番茄品种。结果显示,利用黄萎病菌毒素浸泡番茄离体枝条,处理24h,空载转基因对照和非转基因再生植株枝条全部萎蔫,而LjAMP1和LjAMP2转基因番茄T0代枝条未出现萎蔫的株系比率分别为11.11%和6.25%;用离体叶片接种菌块,分别对T0代抗或耐黄萎病菌毒素的T1代株系接种早疫病菌,接种10天,空载转基因对照和非转基因再生植株的病情指数达到100,而LjAMP1和LjAMP2转基因番茄病情指数最低的株系分别为17.5和10.0,表明转基因番茄能同时提高对黄萎病菌毒素和早疫病的抗性;进而用叶盘法检测转基因植株对番茄青枯病菌的抑制作用,结果显示对真菌病害抗性强的转基因植株叶片对青枯病菌的抑菌圈更大。转基因番茄抗病鉴定结果表明,来自益母草种子的LjAMP1和LjAMP2基因对植物病害具有广谱抗性。 相似文献