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Helene Weissinger Andreas Spornberger Renate Brunmayer Karoline Jezik 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2011,53(2):69-76
The use of mulch films is gaining importance in strawberry production. In this paper, the photoselective PE-mulch film ??Agri-Black?? is compared with a common PE-film and with the traditional method ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. ??Agri-Black?? is produced with a blend of alternative colour pigments instead of carbon black and with a high amount of UV-absorbers which may lead to an altered germination behaviour of weeds and to an earlier harvest due to higher soil temperature. The effects on the growth of weeds through the planting holes of the films, long-term herbicide effects after removing the films, and the effects on yield and fruit quality of the strawberries were analysed. Weed growth through the planting holes was reduced by trend by ??Agri-Black?? in comparison to the common PE-film, but not significantly. Six weeks after removing the films, the total amount of weeds was significantly lower in parcels with ??Agri-Black?? than in parcels with the common PE-film. Regarding single species, no significant differences between the films were determined. Long lasting rainfalls before harvest, in combination with flat beds, did result in heavy plant damages in both film variants and thus in much lower yield than in the control variant ??open soil?+?straw mulch at blossom??. In the control variant, there were significantly more fruits damaged by slugs, compared to both film variants. 相似文献
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国外栽培蘑菇的覆土材料普遍采用泥炭,这项增产措施经国内试用,效果确实优于常用的泥土材料。据资料,在泥炭中再加入少量麦麸和稻糠,还可作蘑菇的培养料,而且可获得较高的产量。为此有不少读者来信询问泥炭是什么?到哪里去买? 泥炭是沼泽的产物。沼泽植物死后,在空气不足和过度湿润的条件下,通过厌氧微生物的缓慢分解而逐渐形成的。由于沼泽植物种类的不同,形成的泥炭种类也不同,一般可分为苔草泥炭、芦苇泥炭和苔草芦苇泥 相似文献
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The objective of this study was the calculation of winter chill for fruit trees in the Meckenheim fruit growing region for all winters since 1958 and the evaluation of long-term trends in response to global warming. A further objective was the comparison of three winter chill models, the Chilling Hours Model (Chilling Hours??CH), the Utah Model (Chill Units??CU) and the Dynamic Model (Chill Portions??CP) with respect to temporal trends and seasonal variation in chilling intensity. To meet these objectives, about 120,000 hourly temperature measurements from Klein-Altendorf were correlated with daily temperature extremes. From this relationship, a long-term record of 466,000 hourly temperature data was constructed and used to calculate winter chill between 1st October of each year and three dates of the following year for all winters since 1958/1959. On average over all years, 955 CH, 1160 CU and 58.0 CP had accumulated in the Meckenheim fruit growing region by 1st January, 1356 CH, 1527 CU and 77.3 CP by 1st February, and 1727 CH, 1883 CU and 96.1 CP by 1st March. Coefficients of variation varied between 14 and 16% for the Chilling Hours Model, between 18 and 19% for the Utah Model and between 9 and 10% for the Dynamic Model. In spite of significant warming of the site, no clear long-term trends were detected. Due to the structure of the winter chill models, which do not consider freezing temperatures as chilling-effective, the highest chilling was not registered in the coldest winters, but rather when average temperatures between early December and late February were between 2 and 6°C. The coldest winter on record (1963/1964; mean winter temperature of ??4°C) had by far the lowest winter chill total, and chilling during the more recent cold winters 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 was also below average. Only very pronounced warming reduced winter chill, with the warmest winter on record (2006/2007; mean winter temperature of 7.1°C) accumulating less winter chill than slightly cooler winters. As long as such extreme temperatures remain exceptional, fulfilment of chilling requirements of local apple and cherry cultivars should not become critical. It is important to note, however, that substantial knowledge gaps exist in the field of fruit tree dormancy, which will have to be closed, before more reliable projections of future fulfilment of chilling requirements can be made. 相似文献
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《中国瓜菜》2017,(9)
<正>河南庆发HENAN QINGFA HENANQINGFASEED中熟,果实正圆形,果皮深绿覆黑色窄条带,果肉大红,单瓜重10kg左右,最大可达15kg。九成熟不倒瓤且产量特高。大果京欣类代表品种:福祺天发1号(豫审证字2011074)福祺福星3号福祺福星7号福祺福园1号花皮大果系列:福祺早抗3号(豫审证字2010068)福祺郑抗4号(国审菜2002033)庆发8号(国审菜2002008)福祺(豫审证字2009090)富抗系列新品种绿皮大果系列代表品种:福祺少籽富抗2号(豫审证字2012045)福祺少籽巨宝(国审菜2002035)福祺绿巨宝庆红宝(国审菜880001)福祺绿之宝(大粒型) 相似文献
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答山东省平邑县读者王贵学 苹果幼龄树或成龄树的1年生枝.在冬春季节往往因脱水而发生皱皮或干枯,这种现象称之为“抽条”。抽条的原因,主要是因为冬春期间土壤水分冻结,根系不能吸收或水量很少,而地上部枝条的蒸腾作用一直在进行,根吸收的水分不能弥补枝条蒸腾的失水,出现了生理上的干旱。这种干旱超过其忍耐力时即发生抽条,枝条成熟不好时尤其严重。因此防止抽条首先要促使枝条及早成熟,在栽培技术上.采取前期控制徒长,后期控制肥水.防病保叶,不间作秋菜,冬剪时对易抽干的品种早剪,以增强越冬性,其次可采取培土,灌封冻水和枝干涂白等防止… 相似文献
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Dr. Karsten Klopp 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2011,53(3):99-106
The Fruit Experiment Station (OVA) was founded on 1 April 1935 as an offspring of the regional Advisory Service. Due to apple scab and apple sucker, profitable fruit production was all but impossible at the time. Therefore, crop protection strategies had to be devised during the 1930s. Recurrent frost damage in the 1940s led to the initiation of a regional breeding programme which produced successes such as the apple variety ??Gloster??, the sweet cherry variety ??Regina??, and rootstock J9. After the 1962 storm tide, the experimental farm moved to the Esteburg site during the 1960s. Economic pressure during the following two decades demanded productivity gains and more widely marketable fruit varieties. This led to a switch in production from seedling rootstocks to rootstock M9 during the 1970s and 1980s, and to the introduction of the two lead varieties ??Elstar?? and ??Jonagold/Jonagored?? which have remained the most important varieties to this day. Further trends with an influence on current fruit production are the development of the concept of Integrated Production at the end of the 1980s, negotiations towards a special regulatory status of the region, and the beginning of experimental work for organic fruit production. Following the accommodation of the class of vocational education, a holistic concept of research, advisory service and education at the ESTEBURG site represents the foundation for a successful future. 相似文献
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葡萄植株伤口为何流胶？如何防止？葡萄植株春季受伤后，会从伤口处向外流水，这种现象叫“伤流”。葡萄的伤流出现在春天树液开始流动至萌芽展叶的一段时间里，这一时期称为“伤流期”。伤流期的长短因地区不同而有差异，有的１０天左右，有的长达５０天左右。葡萄伤流的... 相似文献
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斑潜蝇又称“鬼画符”,近几年在各地蔬菜上猖獗危害,蔓延迅速,严重威胁到蔬菜的生产,据调查斑潜蝇种类多(以检疫害虫美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇最为突出)、抗药性强(一般杀虫剂效果不大),必须及时采用高效药剂加以控制,防止进一步扩散。可选用以下药剂可渗透(吸附)到叶表下毒杀斑潜蝇幼虫并防治成虫。防治斑潜蝇适用药剂有:5%卡死克乳油1000倍液;10%吡虫淋可湿性粉剂1000倍液或康福多(吡虫啉)20%浓可溶剂2000倍液;1.8%爱福丁乳油3000倍液,1.5%阿巴丁3000倍液,1.8%阿维菌素3000倍液;20%阿维·杀单微乳剂(商品名称有:潜虫净、猎潜螟、斑蛾清)、… 相似文献
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答:种菇成熟度好,在18～20℃条件下培养,一般10小时左右即可落孢子。种菇过嫩、过大,钟罩内湿度过大,氧气不足都不容易落孢子。当看到培养皿内所落下的孢子已经比较浓时即可将孢子在消毒的接种箱或接种室内移入马铃薯琼脂培养基上 相似文献