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1.
Bioassays were performed to determine the antifungal and insecticidal activity of clove essential oil (EO), several botanical compounds (eugenol, carvacrol, allylisothiocyanate (AITC) and ethyl formate (EtF)) against mycotoxigenic fungi (Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Fusarium graminearum) and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. Antifungal activity was quantified by measuring conidia germination inhibition and mycelial growth inhibition zone to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Mortality of insects was determined through either contact toxicity assay (impregnated filter paper) or fumigation toxicity assay (airtight exposure chamber). A four-parameter logistic regression of fungi inhibitory growth rate to the dose of tested substances, either by the agar diffusion assay or the micro-atmosphere test, showed that AITC had antifungal and sporicide activity. The concentration at MIC for A. westerdijkiae and F. graminearum was 24.2 and 19.8???l?l?1, respectively, whereas clove essential oil (EO) was 755 and 352???l?l?1 after 72?h incubation period. Bioassays with S. oryzae showed that clove EO contact insecticidal activity was similar to pure eugenol and carvacrol: LD90s were 366, 385 and 442???l?dm?2, respectively. The fumigation insecticidal activity of AITC was LC95?=?10.8???l?l?1. For EtF and clove EO, only the LC50 could be accurately determined after 24?h exposure time which was observed at 41 and 210???l?l?1, respectively (vs. 6.4???l?l?1 for AITC LC50). The combined antifungal activity on mycotoxigenic seed-borne fungi and insecticidal activity against the rice weevil demonstrated that AITC in vapour phase may be a promising active substance for the preservation grain stored in unsafe conditions with a risk of fungal growth.  相似文献   

2.
Diatomaceous earth has been demonstrated in Australia, Germany, and the USA to protect stored products from infestation by insect pests. However, application of diatomaceous earth has rarely been used in Asian countries for the protection of stored grain from insect damage. These facts and the paucity of existing data from the tropics prompted the present study of storage with diatomaceous earth. We exposed rice treated with the diatomaceous earth product Fossil Shield® to infestation by Tribolium castaneum Herbst. During the dry season, when tests were conducted, the mean temperature was 29?±?2?°C and relative humidity was 80?±?3?%. The population of T. castaneum in rice was significantly reduced after treatment with Fossil Shield®. Diatomaceous earth at 1?g and 2?g per kilogram rice reduced population growth of T. castaneum to a coefficient of 0.27, and 0.02 respectively after 42 days. Fossil Shield® at 0.5?g per kilogram rice increased the mortality of T. castaneum, but did not stop population growth.  相似文献   

3.
The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, is a global pest species of stored grain products. Accurate identification of Trogoderma specimens trapped within stores of grain is critical to surveillance and exclusion efforts for the Khapra beetle. To enhance diagnostic capacity, we report PCR-based diagnostic assays for Khapra beetle identification. Three methods such as conventional PCR, real-time PCR, and DNA sequencing are reported for the diagnosis of Trogoderma specimens captured within the U.S. All three methods discern the Khapra beetle based on variation in fragments of 16S mitochondrial DNA. To examine PCR assay stringency, ten native or introduced Trogoderma species and two Megatoma species were also examined. These DNA-based assays provide reliable identification of T. granarium regardless of condition, life stage, or taxonomic expertise of the investigator.  相似文献   

4.
Powders and essential oils were prepared from the aerial parts of Cinnamomum camphora, Ocimum basilicum, Chenopodium ambrosioides, and seeds of Pimpinella anisum. Their adulticidal activities and effects on the F1 progeny of Trogoderma granarium (Everts) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were evaluated. The chemical composition of the plant oils were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). All of the tested botanicals showed insecticidal activities against the test insects in a dose-dependent manner with T. granarium was more susceptible to the tested plant products than T. castaneum. At a concentration of 5 g kg−1, many of the plant powders caused 100% mortality of both insects after 14 days of exposure. The powders of C. camphora, O. basilicum, and C. ambrosioides were effective against T. granarium, while that of C. ambrosioides caused 100% adult mortality of T. castaneum under the same assays conditions. A dose of 1.50 ml cm−2 of the oils of C. camphora and O. basilicum completely controlled T. granarium, while 100% mortality of T. castaneum adults was recorded with P. anisum oil. A significant and/or complete reduction (100% inhibition) of the F1 progeny of both insects was obtained as a result of parental exposure to the tested botanicals, especially at the highest doses applied. Botanicals under investigation showed a considerable grain protecting activity against the tested insect species and could be included in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.  相似文献   

5.
Chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron and XRD-473 were applied to wheat grain as water emulsion at doses of 0.5,5 and 25 ppm AI. The residul bioactivity and its ability to control infestation of the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.) was bioassayed at monthly intervals during 8 months storage period posttreatment.All IGRs at the tested doses produced moderate direct toxicity of 18–56% to parent adult weevils, exposed immediately after treatment, which decreased remarkably to 0–18% for adults exposed to IGRs residues in wheat grain at 3 months posttreatment.Data reveals also that all compounds at 0.5–25 ppm and in particular XRD-473 affected adversely the development of the subsequent F1 progeny, reducing highly their population that fed and developed in IGR-treated wheat grain. However, in wheat grain treated with 5 and 25 ppm AI of the tested IGRs and infested withS. oryzae parent adults after 8 months of posttreatment storage, the developmental of offspring was appreciably arrested, providing effective control of F1 progeny, reached 91.09 to 98.12%. The maximum control of F1 progeny was achieved within IGRs residues in wheat grain at the 5th month posttreatment, resulting in 76.54–100% reduction in population.The delayed inherent indirect activity of the tested IGRs on F2 progeny production was studied when untreated wheat grain was infested withS. oryzae adult weevils originated from F1 progeny adults. The data demonstrate that all compounds, and XRD-473 in particular possessed indirect delayed bioactivity much more higher than their direct action, where % control of F2 progeny reached 84.14–100% versus 38.51–98.12% control for F1 progeny at the 8th month bioassay interval.The viability of the wheat grain was not affected with insecticidal treatment in this test, since the wheat grain representing all bioassay testing interval in all treatments as well as in control exhibited over 95% germination.
Zusammenfassung Es wurden zur Bekämpfung vonS. oryzae den Getreidekörnern die Wirkstoffe Chlorfluazuron, Flufenoxuron sowie XRD-473 in Dosen von jeweils 0,5-5-25 ppm beigemischt. Die Wirkungen wurden 8 Monate lang monatlich kontrolliert.Die 3 Wirkstoffe verursachten eine direkte Toxizität von 18–56% bei den elterlichen adulten Käfern bei Kontamination unmittelbar nach Anwendung und von 0–18%, wenn die Käfer erst 3 Monate nach Einmischung der Wirkstoffe zugesetzt wurden.Alle 3 Wirkstoffe (insbesondere XRD-473) riefen bei 0,5–25 ppm Störungen der Entwicklung der nachfolgenden F1-Generation hervor, wenn diese in behandelten Körnern fraß und sich entwickelte, was zu starkem Populations-Rückgang führte. Jedoch auch dann, wenn adulte Elternkäfer erst 8 Monate nach Behandlung den Körnern zugesetzt wurden, wurde die Entwicklung der F1-Generation stark gehemmt, deren Mortalität 91 bis 98% erreichte. Der höchste Bekämpfungserfolg von 76,5 bis 100% wurde bei den F1 im 5. Monat nach der Behandlung der Körner erzielt.Die verzögerte indirekte Wirkung der getesteten Substanzen auf die F2 wurde dadurch untersucht, daß unbehandelte Weizenkörner mitS. oryzae-Adulten besetzt wurden, welche von überlebenden F1-Adulten stammten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß alle 3 Wirkstoffe, insbesondere XRD-473, indirekt vernichtende Wirkung aufwiesen, die höher waren (84,1–100%) als die direkten.Die Lebensfähigkeit der behandelten Weizenkörner war mit etwa 95% Keimung bei diesen Versuchen nicht eingeschränkt.

With 3 tables  相似文献   

6.
Fumigants and residual insecticides are commonly used to combat stored grain pests. In recent years, consumer awareness of the health hazard from residual toxicity and the growing problem of insect resistance to these conventional insecticides have led the researchers to look for alternative strategies for stored grains protection. For example, diatomaceous earth (DE) can be effective against stored grain insects. In this study, DE was used to design amorphous nano sized hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and lipophilic silica in 15–30 nm size range. Nanocides are expected to reduce the volume of application and kinetics of development of resistance in pests. We hypothesized that surface-functionalized silica nanoparticle (SNP) might be a viable alternative to conventional pesticides. Entomotoxicity of SNP was tested against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae and its efficacy was compared with bulk-sized silica (individual particles larger than 1 μm). Amorphous SNP was found to be highly effective against this insect pest causing more than 90% mortality, indicating the effectiveness of SNP to control insect pests.  相似文献   

7.
Emulsifiable formulation of pirimiphos-methyl and malathion were applied to wheat, barley and maize at rates of 5, 10 and 15 ppm. The treated grains were stored under warehouse storage conditions and the residual effeciency of both insecticides on treated grains were estimated at zero-time, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks by using of bioassay tests on 4th instar larvae ofTrogoderma granarium (Everts) and 14-day-old adults ofTribolium confusum (Duval). Results indicated that the residual effeciency of the insecticides used varied according to the storage period, sort of stored grains, type and rate of insecticide applied. The insect species was also influenced. Pirimiphos-methyl residues seemed to be more persistent than that of malathion on all treated grains. The effeciency of the insecticidal deposit varied between the different cereals being less on barley than on maize and this than on wheat. BesidesTribolium confusum appeared to be more susceptible to both insecticides thanTrogoderma granarium. Pirimiphos-methyl proved to be suitable substitute to malathion as grain protectant against possible malathionresistant strains of stored grain insects.  相似文献   

8.
We investigated the effects of two commercial diatomaceous earth based insecticides (DE), Protect-It® and SilicoSec®, the nano-structured silica product AL06, developed by the section for Urban Plant Ecophysiology at Humboldt University Berlin, and the monoterpenoids, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde on two stored product pests, Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. Protect-It® was more effective than SilicoSec® against C. maculatus while the reverse was true for S. oryzae. Generally C. maculatus was more sensitive towards DE and silica treatment than S. oryzae. Mortality rate of both pest species increased when DE’s were applied to food commodities previously treated with a monoterpenoid. In admixture experiments, the toxicity of SilicoSec® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 42.73 ppm), SilicoSec® + eugenol (LD50 = 24.30 ppm), and Protect-It® + eugenol (LD50 = 2.60 ppm) was increased over DE alone against S. oryzae. Both substances showed a synergistic effect considering their co-toxicity coefficient relative to the LD50-value. In contrast, we could not find any synergistic effects in experiments with C. maculatus. Here only Protect-It® + cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 20.84 ppm) showed an additive effect while all other combinations of monoterpenoid and DE indicated antagonistic effects. In addition to contact insecticidal effects both monoterpenoids showed a strong fumigant action. The presented results indicate that the natural product DE has great potential to replace synthetic pesticides commonly used in stored product pest management. Efficacy of DE can be improved by adding certain monoterpenoids against certain insect pests.  相似文献   

9.
Under the temperature conditions of cold-storage of grain, i.e. 6–9°C, the Granary Weevil (Sitophilus granarius) could survive for more than 2 years. The Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium) survived for more than 11/2 year and the longevity of the Saw Toothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and the Turkish Flat Beetle (Cryptolestes turcicus) exceeded 1 year. The Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum) proofed to be much less cold resistant and did not survive half a year under the conditions mentioned above. The unexpected short longevity of max. 1 year of the Flour Mite (Acarus siro) may have been caused by desiccation of the grain during cold storage. From practical aspects of stored products protection also long-term cold-storage of grain cannot be taken as a guarantee for complete desinfestation.  相似文献   

10.
Backcross breeding programs have been used to transfer disease resistance and other traits from one forest tree species to another in order to meet restoration objectives. Evaluating the field performance of such material is critical for determining the success of breeding programs. In eastern North America, The American Chestnut Foundation has a backcross breeding program that uses Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) to introduce resistance of the fungal pathogen chestnut blight [Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.] to the native American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.]. We compared physiological and morphological characteristics among seedlings of American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, and BC1F3, BC2F3, and BC3F3 hybrid chestnuts during their fourth growing season after field-planting. American chestnut and the BC3F3 breeding generation displayed photosynthetic light-response curves that were similar to each other but different from Chinese chestnut. Rates of photosynthesis were higher for American chestnut and the BC3F3 breeding generation when compared to Chinese chestnut for light levels ≥800 μmol m?2 s?1 photosynthetic photon flux density and for maximum photosynthetic capacity. Leaf morphology variables were not different between American chestnut and any of the breeding generations, but leaf area (on a per leaf basis) of Chinese chestnut was lower than that of any other chestnut type. Our results suggest that backcross breeding can be used to transfer desirable traits for restoration of native species threatened by non-native pathogens.  相似文献   

11.
The present paper deals with the efficiency of the mixed biocide GCSC-BtA against vegetable pests of five orders of arthropod insects in the south-eastern China, i.?e., diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.); green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); yellow-fanded flea beetle, Phyllotreta vittata Fabricius; vegetable leaf miner, Phytomyza nigricornis Macquart; and vegetable spider mite, Tetranychus neocaledonicus Andre. The results show that the mixed biocide GCSC-BtA has a higher efficacy of control against all of the five pests than the commercial biocide B.t. and insecticide Diazinon. GCSC-BtA gave a higher mortality value of 92.18?% against P. xylostella as compared to the biocide B.t. with a value of 64.70?% and Diazinon with a value of 50.00?%. Similar mortalities were obtained with the other four pests regarding the efficacy of the three products tested against them. The concentration-mortality regression equations were calculated by the probit analysis, from which the average mortalities were calculated. The values calculated for GCSC-BtA were 81.13?% for P. xylostella, 75?% for M. persicae and T. neocaledonicus, 69.23?% for P. vittata, and 61.03?% for P. nigricornis as compared to those caused by Diazinon: 33.33?%, 27.42?%, 66.31?%, 44.54?%, 19.65?% for P. xylostella, M. persicae, P. vittata, P. nigricornis, and T. neocaledonicus, respectively. Based on LC50, P. xylostella was most susceptible to GCSC-BtA with a LC50 value of 0.3445, followed by B.t. with a value of 0.8404 and Diazinon with a value of 1.3160. The LC50 value of GCSC-BtA for M. persicae was 0.4660 which was about three times less than that of Diazinon. LC50 value of GCSC-BtA for P. vittata was 0.3954 which was about the same as that of Diazinon. P. nigricornis and T. neocaledonicus were also much more susceptible to GCSC-BtA than to B.t. and Diazinon. It is concluded that GCSC-BtA kills more target pests than B.t. and is more effective than Diazinon in controlling the vegetable pests.  相似文献   

12.
The relationship between the acute toxicity and feeding deterrent activity of ten compounds occurring commonly in essential oils was explored in order to determine whether they are acute toxins or antifeedants against stored-grain pests. Simultaneously, the objective was also to demonstrate the comparative efficacy against three post-harvest stored-grain pests. Thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and trans-anethole were specifically toxic, and linalool was a generalist feeding deterrent against all three species studied. Thymol was most toxic to Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica compared to carvacrol and eugenol but was least toxic to Sitophilus oryzae. Similarly, linalool deterred feeding of S. oryzae (FI50 = 0.025 mg/g of the wafer diet), T. castaneum (FI50 = 0.207 mg/g of the wafer diet) and R. dominica (FI50 = 0.482 mg/g of the wafer diet) at different concentrations; R. dominica beetles required about 20 times the concentration to deter feeding compared to S. oryzae and more than twice compared to T. castaneum. Comparison of toxicity and deterrent activity with respective artificial blends as binary mixtures revealed that synergism was not a generalized phenomenon, and the variations were both species as well as blend specific. Individual compound efficacy correlations were not ascertained, which suggests that artificial blends could be prepared to obtain potential mixtures for substantial control of stored-grain insect pests. The present study also implies that the compounds are mostly acute toxins, and whatever inhibition in feeding was obtained could be due to physiological toxicity rather than any interaction with gustatory receptors.  相似文献   

13.
Multiple matings occur in many species of stored-grain insect pests, such as the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), with both female and male mating more than once and with more than one partner. Multiple female mating in S. oryzae increased lifetime fecundity by extending the period of time progeny were produced, but consequences of multiple male mating in S. oryzae were not yet studied although it is likely to increase male fitness by increasing offspring production. Here, the effects of polygynous mating on male mating behavior, success, and fitness were assessed in two strains of S. oryzae, one adapted to barley and another to wheat. Two insect strains were considered because they may differ in response depending on the host grain, which present distinct nutritional value to the insects. Mating by pairs formed between the two strains did not impact mating success, but wheat-adapted females exhibited longer mating duration, which was positively correlated with progeny production. Wheat-adapted males exhibited higher fertility than barley-adapted males. When male multiple matings were considered in successive polygynous matings, late matings led to lower non-cumulative values of progeny production, but higher cumulative performance, and wheat-adapted S. oryzae always performed better. Thus, male fitness and grain losses in wheat are higher than in barley, even when S. oryzae was adapted to the latter.  相似文献   

14.
Essential oils of Achillea biebersteinii, Achillea santolina and Achillea mellifolium were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The plant oils were tested for their toxic and repellent activities against the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). T. granarium was sensitive to the oils via topical application, contact and fumigation bioassays, where A. biebersteinii oil was the most toxic regardless of the technique used. Using topical application, a dosage of 15 μg/mg insect of A. biebersteinii oil was sufficient to kill 100 and 83.2.0 % after 7 days exposure of adults and 2nd instar larvae, respectively. Meanwhile, twice this concentration of A. santolina and A. mellifolium oils caused 90.4 (72.5 %) and 73.8 (60.1 %) adult and larval mortality after 7 days, respectively. Using fumigation and 7 days exposure, a concentration of 50.0 μl/l air of A. biebersteinii oil displayed the strongest activity (percentage adult and larval mortalities of 100.0 and 88.0 %), respectively, while A. santolina and A. mellifolium oils at the same concentration caused 92.5 (76.8 %) and 76.1 (61.3 %) adult and larval mortality, respectively. The three oils were strongly repellent to the larvae and adults of T. granarium. The repellent activity was time and concentration-dependent, where A. biebersteinii oil was the most effective, even though at low concentrations (percentage repellency of 100 and 81.0 % were recorded against adults and larvae after 6 h exposure to a concentration of 0.22 μl/cm2, respectively). Results suggested the potential use of Achillea oils as natural grain protectants against T. granarium.  相似文献   

15.

? Context

Dispersal and recruitment play a critical role in determining the abundance and the spatial structure of regeneration.

? Aim

In this study, we estimated landscape scale seed dispersal using the inverse modeling method by fitting seedling counts to seed tree location and fertility in the European silver fir Abies alba Miller.

? Methods

Seed trees and seedlings from three age cohorts were counted in 30 plots on Mont Ventoux (southeastern France) at elevations from 995 to 1,605?m, where the following ecological variables were measured: elevation, slope, aspect, light availability, and tree density. We developed and fitted a dispersal model, including a new parameter, recruitment rate, which depended both on the ecological characteristics of the plots and on seed production.

? Results

Elevation was the factor that affected seedling recruitment the most, with an optimum value at around 1,200?m. Estimated A. alba seed dispersal distances were short (median values for the three cohorts, respectively, 16.4?C13.2?C19.6?m).

? Discussion

We demonstrated that including the ecological characteristics of plots and post-dispersal recruitment processes realistically reduced estimates of seed dispersal distances which are otherwise grossly over-estimated using inverse modeling procedures.  相似文献   

16.
Lateralization (i.e. left–right asymmetries in the brain and behaviour) has been documented in all vertebrate classes, while evidences for invertebrates are limited. To the best of our knowledge, there is no information about behavioural asymmetries in the order Coleoptera. In this research, we investigated the lateralization of mating traits in two major pests of stored products: the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Both T. confusum and S. oryzae males showed population-level left-biased copulation approaches of potential mates. Interestingly, T. confusum and S. oryzae males performing left-biased copulation attempts achieved higher mating success over right-biased males. Furthermore, S. oryzae males periodically exhibited a typical head wagging behaviour, which consists of waving the rostrum laterally across the female thorax and then resting the rostrum on the mid thorax. This behaviour was right-biased, even in the majority of males that previously showed left-biased copulation attempts. The quantification of mating displays could allow comparisons with other strains, in order to evaluate the impact of a given host or of the rearing methods on the mating traits of S. oryzae and T. confusum. Overall, this is the first report of lateralization of mating traits in Coleoptera. Furthermore, this research adds basic knowledge to the reproductive behaviour of S. oryzae and T. confusum.  相似文献   

17.
To better understand the effect of forest succession on carbon sequestration, we investigated carbon stock and allocation of evergreen broadleaf forest, a major zonal forest in subtropical China. We so...  相似文献   

18.
Tree invasions cause important conservation problems, such as changes in plant community composition, reduced regeneration rates of native species, and alteration in landscape structures. One of the most invasive tree genera in the world is Acacia (Fabaceae). In Chile, Acacia dealbata Link is distributed in the mediterranean zone, mostly associated with roadsides and anthropogenic disturbances. In this paper we address the following questions: How does A. dealbata perform across a gradient of native forest and invasive stands? Will it be capable of establishing itself in non-invaded native forests and regenerating under its own canopy in the absence of disturbances? From a contrasting viewpoint, will native species such as Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst be able to survive in an A. dealbata stand, allowing re-colonization of the invaded area? We conducted survival and growth experiments on A. dealbata seedlings in three sites near Concepción, Chile (36°S-72°W) under three conditions: under Acacia stand, in a close native forest and on an intermediate matrix between these two conditions. We compared this to the performance of two native trees (Cryptocarya alba and Nothofagus obliqua). Results showed that A. dealbata and C. alba have high growth and establishment capacities within the native forest, but on the intermediate matrix only A. dealbata can grow and survive. C. alba survives at significantly higher rates than A. dealbata within Acacia stand. Nothofagus obliqua only survive at a very low rate in the native forest. Without disturbances, A. dealbata would be successful on the intermediate matrix and within native forest, while C. alba seems capable of surviving and establishing itself in invaded areas, thereby contributing to recovery and restoration of natural spaces. The interplay between Acacia dealbata and the native vegetation may show us a larger picture of how invasive species are capable of expanding even into forested ecosystems and, furthermore, how we can restore native vegetation and avoid further invasion.  相似文献   

19.
Zusammenfassung Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die gesetzlichen Grundlagen für die Durchführung der Pflanzenbeschau wird über die Ergebnisse der Kontrollmaßnahmen bei der Einfuhr von Pflanzenerzeugnissen (Getreide) nach Berlin (West) berichtet. Von 1980 bis 1985 wurden insgesamt mehr als 700 000 Tonnen Weizen, Braugerste, Roggen, Hafer, Sonnenblumenkerne, Hirse und Erdnüsse aus 12 europäischen, amerikanischen und afrikanischen Ländern eingeführt, davon mehr als 99% allein aus der DDR.Die Importe aus der DDR waren im Durchschnitt zu knapp 1% mit Vorratsschädlingen befallen, und zwar mit dem Reiskäfer (Sitophilus oryzae L.), dem Gemeinen Kornkäfer (Sitophilus granarius L.), Leistenkopfplattkäfern (Cryptolestes spp.), dem Amerikanischen Reismehlkäfer (Tribolium confusum Duv.) und dem Rotbraunen Reismehlkäfer (Tribolium castaneum Hbst.).
Stored products activities of the plant protection office Berlin. The inspection of imported stored products from 1980 to 1985
A brief survey is given about the legal basis for the inspection of stored products (cereals) imported to Berlin (West). This follows a report about the results of those controls. From 1980 to 1985 more than 700,000 tons of wheat, barley, reye, oats, sunflower seeds, millet and peanuts were imported from 12 European, American and African countries, more than 99% of them from the GDR.On average about 1% of the imports from the GDR were infested by stored product pests; there were rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.), grain beetles (Cryptolestes spp.), confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum Duv.) and red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Hbst.).

Mit 2 Abbildungen und 3 Tabellen  相似文献   

20.
The insect pests attacking grain sorghum in Australia are reviewed. For easy handling the insects are grouped according to the stages in plant growth which they attack, e. g. pests of the planting and seedling stages, pests of the vegetative stage, pests of flowering stage and pests of the maturity stage. Reference is made to the importance of storage pests. The adoption of minimum tillage practices in Australian summer cropping areas, the importance of soil insects during establishment stage of the crop is expected to increase. The sorghum midgeContarinia sorghicola (Coquillet) no doubt is the most damaging pest species.Heliothis armigera (Hübner) is second in importance to sorghum midge as a pest of sorghum. Damage and control methods of this and other pests are discussed. Economic injury levels are also discussed.  相似文献   

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