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《动物营养学报》2021,33(9)
肌肉和脂肪作为动物机体的主要组成部分,同时是畜牧生产中重要的经济性状。动物肌肉发育和脂肪沉积都是复杂的生物学过程,受到严密而精确的调控。近年来研究表明,非编码RNAs作为一类调节因子,在肌肉发育和脂肪沉积过程中发挥重要调控作用。牛肉是我国主要的肉类来源之一。肉牛肌肉发育和脂肪沉积过程与牛肉产量和牛肉品质密切相关。本文在简要概括肉牛肌肉发育、脂肪沉积过程和非编码RNAs作用机制的基础上,详细总结了非编码RNAs(微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA)在肉牛肌肉发育和脂肪沉积中的最新生物学功能研究进展,并对非编码RNAs在肉牛肌肉发育和脂肪沉积中的研究进行展望,以期为今后非编码RNAs在肉牛营养调控和分子育种方面的研究提供科学理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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骨骼肌的分化发育是一个由多种功能性因子参与协同作用的复杂过程,其中成肌分化抗原(MyoD)是较早已经确定的骨骼肌特异转录因子,对肌肉发育有着重要的作用。长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)是具有多种生物学功能但不能编码蛋白质的RNA。近年来,很多研究表明LncRNA在肌肉发育过程中具有重要的调控作用。文章就目前与MyoD共同参与肌细胞增殖、分化、再生过程的相关LncRNA及其相关作用机制进行总结综述,以期为进一步阐明与MyoD相关的LncRNA调控肌肉发育的作用机制提供理论参考。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控肌肉发育研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
肌肉发育是一个复杂的生物学过程,其调控机制尚不完善。但近年来表观遗传修饰对肌肉发育的调控作用逐渐成为热点领域,研究发现DNA甲基化与去甲基化修饰对肌肉发生与发育起到重要的调控作用。肌肉干细胞特异位点通过DNA甲基化修饰,影响肌肉发育过程关键基因的表达,进而调控早期发育的生肌过程。本文主要围绕肌肉发育过程中DNA甲基化及去甲基化修饰的变化、重要的甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶以及营养物质通过DNA甲基化修饰影响肌肉发生的作用进行论述。 相似文献
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Snail家族基因编码具有锌指结构的转录因子,通过结合下游基因参与了多个生理水平的调控,在上皮-间质转化、胚胎发育、免疫调节、癌细胞迁移等方面具有广泛的生物学功能。Snail家族基因参与了脂肪的生成和脂代谢过程,同时也是肌生成决定因子(MyoD)的下游靶基因,也可能参与了肌肉发育调控。因此,Snail家族基因在脂肪生成、肌肉发育及脂代谢等方面发挥了重要作用,是影响哺乳动物特别是农业动物产肉性能和肉品质的一类重要候选功能基因。作者介绍了Snail家族基因及其蛋白结构和基本生物学功能,简述了Snail家族参与Wnt/β-catenin、Notch 等信号通路的调控作用方式,总结了Snail家族基因在哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中的作用和调控方式。然而,目前关于Snail家族基因在协同参与哺乳动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育中扮演的角色仍待深入研究。另一方面,一般认为发挥转录抑制作用的Snail家族近年来也被发现具有转录激活作用,这种作用是如何实现的仍未知。因此,Snail家族基因在调控动物脂肪生成和肌肉发育过程中的协同作用、脂肪生成和脂肪水解过程的动态调控及其转录激活作用的发挥是今后研究的方向,为解析Snail家族基因在肉质性状形成过程中的遗传调控机理奠定基础。 相似文献
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易洛魁同源盒基因3(Iroquois homeobox 3,IRX3)属于易洛魁族同源盒基因家族,在机体多个组织中高表达,具有多种生物学效应。目前对IRX3基因的功能研究主要集中在大脑、神经、眼睛、骨骼以及内脏等器官发育、干细胞增殖分化、能量代谢稳态以及体组成调节等方面。然而,IRX3基因在骨骼肌发育过程中的影响及分子机制还不是很清楚。本文主要综述了IRX3基因的发现、结构及其功能和展望,为进一步研究IRX3基因在骨骼肌生长发育与肌肉再生过程的作用机制提供参考。 相似文献
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长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸且不具有蛋白编码功能的RNA转录本,研究表明它参与了基因组印记、转录激活与干扰、转录后调控、染色体剂量补偿效应、发育调控等众多生物过程。作者就lncRNA的发现和分类、生物学功能及与肌肉发育相关lncRNA等研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2015,(4)
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA,成熟的miRNAs可通过与靶基因的3′UTR结合,从而发挥对靶向基因负调控作用。目前,研究人员已经证明miRNA在机体的生长、发育、繁殖、分化和凋亡等生理过程中发挥重要的作用。猪肌肉发育的相关研究备受关注,猪肌肉的发育与其他动物一样,受众多基因的调控,这些基因的表达和翻译同时受miRNAs的调控。本文对miRNAs与猪肌肉发育的相关性进行了系统的分析,提出miRNAs在猪生产中的研究和应用的某些展望。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2019,(8):1609-1615
旨在对牦牛miR-381的靶基因进行预测和生物信息学分析,探索其影响牦牛肌肉发育的作用机制。将高通量测序获得的牦牛miR-381序列与miRbase数据库中已有物种miR-381成熟序列的保守性进行比对分析,利用TargetScan、miRDB和miRanda对miR-381靶基因进行预测,交集的基因与miRTarbase数据库中已证实的靶基因合并后进行基因本体论富集和信号通路富集分析。结果显示,miR-381序列在各物种间高度保守,其靶基因主要参与转录调控过程、横纹肌发育的负调节、细胞周期、心脏发育、肌肉收缩和细胞增殖等生物学过程。信号通路分析结果显示靶基因显著富集于Wnt、TGF-β、MAPK和Notch信号通路等与肌肉发育相关的通路中。由此推测,miR-381可能通过抑制Wnt、MAPK和TGF-β等信号通路的靶基因,进而调控牦牛骨骼肌的发育。研究结果将为进一步探讨miR-381在牦牛肌肉发育中的作用奠定理论基础,同时也为解析牦牛肌肉发育的分子机制提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Yamaji D Kimura K Watanabe A Kon Y Iwanaga T Soliman MM Ahmed MM Saito M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2006,30(3):239-246
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a crucial role in the embryonic and postnatal development of various organs including the mammary gland. We cloned bovine HGF and its c-Met receptor cDNAs, and examined their expression during mammary gland development in dairy cows. The 2.5-kbp HGF cDNA clone contained a 2190 bp open reading frame coding a 730 amino acid protein, while the 4.8-kbp c-Met cDNA clone contained a 4152 bp open reading frame coding a 1384 amino acid protein. The bovine HGF and c-Met sequences exhibited more than 87% identity with those of other mammals. RT-PCR analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of both HGF and c-Met mRNAs in various bovine tissues tested. HGF mRNA was detected only in the inactive stage of bovine mammary gland development and not in the developing, lactating, and involuting stages, while c-Met mRNA was detected in the inactive and involuting stages. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the c-Met protein was found on mammary epithelial cells in the inactive, developing, and involuting stages, and on myoepithelial cells in all stages. These results suggest pivotal roles of HGF and c-Met in the development of bovine mammary gland. 相似文献
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Depletion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) in mice leads to fetal lethality and placental maldevelopment. However, the dynamic change pattern of HGF/c-Met signaling during placental development and its involvement in the early differentiation of trophoblasts remain to be elucidated. In this study, using in situ hybridization assay, we elaborately demonstrated the spatial-temporal expression of Hgf and c-Met in mouse placenta from E5.5, the very early stage after embryonic implantation, to E12.5, when the placental structure is well developed. The concentration of the soluble form of c-Met (sMet) in maternal circulation peaked at E10.5. By utilizing the induced differentiation model of mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSCs), we found that HGF significantly promoted mTSC differentiation into syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and invasive parietal trophoblast giant cells (PTGCs). Interestingly, sMet efficiently reversed the effect of HGF on mTSC differentiation. These findings indicate that HGF/c-Met signaling participates in regulating placental trophoblast cell fate at the early differentiation stage and that sMet acts as an endogenous antagonist in this aspect. 相似文献
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Miyake M Yaguchi T Saze K Wang J Ogawa T Endo Y Suzuta Y Okazaki M Haga Y Waki T Takahashi SY Yamamoto Y Iwabuchi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(1):9-14
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that stimulates a wide array of cellular targets, including hepatocytes and other epithelial cells, melanocytes, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We have cloned a different form of cDNA, with a deletion of 15 base pairs predicted to result in the loss of 5 amino acids from the first kringle domain. To investigate the biological activity, original and deleted variant of feline HGF cDNAs were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Both recombinant feline HGFs showed almost the same dose-response curves in the stimulation of the growth of BNL CL.2 cells (a mouse hepatocyte cell line) and scatter activity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The findings reported here suggest that the deleted variant of feline HGF has almost the same biological activity as the original in terms of the proliferation and scatter activity. 相似文献
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Introduction: Aberrant expression of the proto‐oncogene c‐Met has been noted in a variety of human cancers. In dogs, inappropriate Met expression has been identified in canine osteosarcoma (OSA) tumor samples. To better define the potential role of Met dysregulation in canine cancer, we cloned canine Met, HGF, and HGF activator and evaluated their expression patterns in a variety of canine tumor cell lines.
Methods: Canine Met, HGF, and HGF activator were cloned from normal canine liver and canine OSA cell lines using primers based on regions of homology between mouse and human sequences as well as 5' and 3' RACE.
Results: Inappropriate expression of Met was found in canine cell lines derived from OSAs, mast cell tumors, histiocytic sarcomas, hemangiosarcoma, and melanomas. Both HGF and HGF activator were found to be expressed in several of these tumor cell lines, providing evidence of a possible autocrine loop of Met stimulation. Incubation of canine tumor cell lines with rhHGF resulted in Met autophosphorylation and activation of the downstream signaling elements Gab1, Akt and Erk1/2. Scattering of tumor cells in response to HGF occurred under conditions of cell stress, such as serum starvation. Lastly, the Met inhibitor PHA‐665752 blocked HGF induced phosphorylation of canine Met and Gab1.
Conclusions: These studies provide evidence that similar to the case in human tumors, aberrant Met expression may play an important role in the biology of canine cancer. As such, inhibition of Met function may represent a potentially useful novel therapeutic approach. 相似文献
Methods: Canine Met, HGF, and HGF activator were cloned from normal canine liver and canine OSA cell lines using primers based on regions of homology between mouse and human sequences as well as 5' and 3' RACE.
Results: Inappropriate expression of Met was found in canine cell lines derived from OSAs, mast cell tumors, histiocytic sarcomas, hemangiosarcoma, and melanomas. Both HGF and HGF activator were found to be expressed in several of these tumor cell lines, providing evidence of a possible autocrine loop of Met stimulation. Incubation of canine tumor cell lines with rhHGF resulted in Met autophosphorylation and activation of the downstream signaling elements Gab1, Akt and Erk1/2. Scattering of tumor cells in response to HGF occurred under conditions of cell stress, such as serum starvation. Lastly, the Met inhibitor PHA‐665752 blocked HGF induced phosphorylation of canine Met and Gab1.
Conclusions: These studies provide evidence that similar to the case in human tumors, aberrant Met expression may play an important role in the biology of canine cancer. As such, inhibition of Met function may represent a potentially useful novel therapeutic approach. 相似文献
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Hepatocyte growth factor transduces different intracellular signals in aortic and umbilical venous endothelial cells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Makondo K Kimura K Kitamura T Yamaji D Saito M 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2003,51(2):105-112
Endothelial cells are important for maintenance of vascular integrity by producing a variety of bioactive molecules such as nitric oxide (NO). Recent evidence has suggested that there are some differences in characteristics between endothelial cells from different origins. Here we examined responses of two typical endothelial cells to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which induces endothelium-dependent relaxation of microvessels. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) with HGF increased endothelial NO synthase activity, accompanied with an increase of activity-related site-specific phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt. However, HGF stimulated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) only in HUVEC, but not in BAEC, while it induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAPK in both cells. These results suggest that HGF transduces different intracellular signals between aortic and umbilical venous endothelial cells, and that the differences might represent divergent endothelial responses to growth factors, especially those that activate receptor-tyrosine kinases. 相似文献
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Wieteska-Skrzeczyńska W Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K Tokarska J Grabiec K 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2011,14(3):417-424
The aim of this study was to examine the potential interactions of IGF-I with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma with regard to regulation of the myogenesis and proliferative potential of mouse C2C12 myoblasts. The stimulation of myogenesis by IGF-I (30 nmol/l) was manifested by an enhanced myoblast fusion and expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) during the first 3 days of differentiation. IGF-I-dependent fusion and MHC expression was reduced by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Both cytokines prevented the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on MyoD expression with minor modification of the myogenin level. Both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma activated the expression of cyclin A in myoblasts restimulated to proliferation; however, when used in combination with IGF-I these cytokines prevented the rise in cyclin A induced by growth factor. In conclusion: i) TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma reduce IGF-I-dependent myogenesis which was manifested by the reduction of myoblast fusion and MHC cellular levels, ii) Molecular mechanisms of inhibitory action of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on IGF-I-mediated differentiation involve a decrease in MyoD whereas myogenin level plays a minor role, iii) TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma increase the proliferative potential of myoblasts; however, they reduced the mitogenic effect of IGF-I, manifested by a decrease of IGF-I-stimulated cyclin A expression in myoblasts reinduced to proliferation. Interactions among IGF-I and proinflammatory cytokines are therefore important to establish a number of myoblasts and the onset of myogenesis during muscle regeneration. 相似文献