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对融安县西山林场1992年营造的72个杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)半同胞家系子代林19年生的树高、胸径和材积指标进行了分析,结果表明:各家系在树高、胸径和材积等生长性状的差异均达到了显著或极显著水平。树高、胸径和材积增益大于对照10%的家系数量分别占参试家系的19.4%、18.1%和31.9%。以生长量差异为依据,筛选出了柳241、柳449、柳428、林朵14、柳244等21个综合增益显著的家系,其最高树高、胸径和材积增益分别达26.75%、23.50%和83.02%。 相似文献
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水曲柳种子园10年生半同胞子代家系树高、胸径和材积之间差异极显著;在参试的15个家系中树高有13个超过对照,生长量最大的是对照的1.15倍。胸径均超过对照,生长量最大的家系是对照的1.41倍。材积均超过对照,生长量最大的家系是对照的2.40倍;树高、胸径、材积家系遗传力分别是0.11、0.40、0.20,以材积显著大于对照为主要依据,参考树高、胸径两性状的表现,综合评选出7、4、9号3个优良家系,分别比对照,树高提高12.4%~14.8%,胸径提高32.7%~41.1%,材积提高120%~140%。7号家系各项指标均排在第一位,为最优家系;从15个家系中选出1个、2个、3个优良家系,其实生后代10年生时,树高能获得0.7%~0.9%的遗传增益,胸径能获得5%~7%的遗传增益,材积能获得6%~8%的遗传增益。 相似文献
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马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代测定与配合选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对都匀马尾松无性系种子园48个半同胞家系9年生测定林的胸径、树高、材积进行了测定分析,结果表明:各家系间树高、胸径、材积差异极显著,具有较高的遗传力。从中选择出9个优良家系,其树高、胸径和材积平均为7.12 m、9.84 cm和0.037 97 m3,遗传增益分别为10.44%、7.73%和20.80%。从优良家系内选择46株优良单株,其树高、胸径、材积分别增加了53.81%,56.65%和150.18%、材积预期增益为55.05%。这些优良单株可作为贵州省营建马尾松高世代种子园的备选材料。 相似文献
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以9年生大叶栎(Castanopsis fissa)51个家系为研究对象,进行生长性状分析结果显示:(1)树高、胸径、材积3个生长性状在家系内均存在丰富的变异,并达到极显著水平;(2)地点、家系及地点×家系交互作用对树高、胸径和材积生长的影响均达极显著程度,其中以地点对生长指标影响均最大,其家系胸径、树高、材积的遗传力分别为0.820 4、0.887 9、0.817 5;(3)各家系树高、胸径和材积等生长指标与试验点的自然概况因子间相关性均不显著,表明大叶栎家系具有较强的地理区域适应性;(4)以入选家系的遗传增益20%同时胸径、树高生长量不低于家系平均值为标准,选出8个优良家系分别CW08、CW05、PY08、YF02、RS06、RS03、RS09、TD09,入选家系的胸径、树高、材积生长量比总体平均值分别提高5.69%~13.82%、7.62%~14.29%、17.78%~39.85%;胸径、树高、材积遗传增益分别提高6.39%~11.45%、6.55%~12.26%、20.23%~32.55%。 相似文献
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大花序桉种源/家系遗传变异与早期选择研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大花序桉(Eucalyptus cloeziana)是生产锯材的潜力树种之一,对其进行了种源/家系早期选择研究,结果表明:2.5年生试验林的平均树高和胸径分别为7.45 m和7.10 cm,且各指标在种源和家系水平上都存在极显著差异;树高、胸径及材积的遗传力随树龄的增加而增大,2.5年生时树高、胸径及材积的遗传力分别为71.1%、75.1%和68.5%;早期选择的家系胸径和材积具有较高的遗传增益,分别达到12.68%和25.26%,树高仅为6.68%,因此家系在早期选择时将更多考虑材积和胸径因子。用指数选择法选出20729等8个种批和C4-139等20个家系为推荐的潜力优良材料。 相似文献
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闽西马尾松优树自由授粉子代遗传分析与选择 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对14年生的闽西马尾松优树自由授粉子代测定林调查分析,结果表明:139个参试家系在树高、胸径、材积性状上存在极显著差异。树高、胸径、材积家系遗传力分别为31.04%、60.73%、55.3%。以材积遗传增益大于10%为指标,选择36个优良家系,平均材积遗传增益达16.5%。入选的优良家系可为马尾松遗传改良和种子园营建提供优质的种质资源材料。 相似文献
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对19年生火炬松家系的生长性状和遗传参数进行研究分析,结果显示:胸径、树高和材积等3个主要性状在火炬松家系间的差异达极显著水平,家系的树高、胸径和单株材积均具有较高遗传力、受中等或中等以上遗传控制,说明各性状的差异主要由遗传因素所致,有较大的改良潜力。从参试的25个家系中选出5个优良家系,其平均胸径、树高、单株材积分别为22.08 cm、14.25 m、0.2660 m~3,分别比群体平均值高8.72%、11.85%、29.66%,遗传增益分别为5.77%、10.57%、22.18%。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献