共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
Long unfolded linkers facilitate membrane protein import through the nuclear pore complex 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Meinema AC Laba JK Hapsari RA Otten R Mulder FA Kralt A van den Bogaart G Lusk CP Poolman B Veenhoff LM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6038):90-93
Active nuclear import of soluble cargo involves transport factors that shuttle cargo through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by binding to phenylalanine-glycine (FG) domains. How nuclear membrane proteins cross through the NPC to reach the inner membrane is presently unclear. We found that at least a 120-residue-long intrinsically disordered linker was required for the import of membrane proteins carrying a nuclear localization signal for the transport factor karyopherin-α. We propose an import mechanism for membrane proteins in which an unfolded linker slices through the NPC scaffold to enable binding between the transport factor and the FG domains in the center of the NPC. 相似文献
2.
FG-rich repeats of nuclear pore proteins form a three-dimensional meshwork with hydrogel-like properties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nuclear pore complexes permit rapid passage of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors, but otherwise suppress nucleocytoplasmic fluxes of inert macromolecules >/=30 kilodaltons. To explain this selectivity, a sieve structure of the permeability barrier has been proposed that is created through reversible cross-linking between Phe and Gly (FG)-rich nucleoporin repeats. According to this model, nuclear transport receptors overcome the size limit of the sieve and catalyze their own nuclear pore-passage by a competitive disruption of adjacent inter-repeat contacts, which transiently opens adjoining meshes. Here, we found that phenylalanine-mediated inter-repeat interactions indeed cross-link FG-repeat domains into elastic and reversible hydrogels. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that such hydrogel formation is required for viability in yeast. 相似文献
3.
Trajkovic K Hsu C Chiantia S Rajendran L Wenzel D Wieland F Schwille P Brügger B Simons M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1244-1247
Intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes are either sorted for cargo degradation into lysosomes or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms underlying the sorting of membrane into the different populations of intraluminal vesicles are unknown. Here, we find that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of the endosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide. Purified exosomes were enriched in ceramide, and the release of exosomes was reduced after the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases. These results establish a pathway in intraendosomal membrane transport and exosome formation. 相似文献
4.
Brohawn SG Leksa NC Spear ED Rajashankar KR Schwartz TU 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5906):1369-1373
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. These massive assemblies comprise an eightfold symmetric scaffold of architectural proteins and central-channel phenylalanine-glycine-repeat proteins forming the transport barrier. We determined the nucleoporin 85 (Nup85)*Seh1 structure, a module in the heptameric Nup84 complex, at 3.5 angstroms resolution. Structural, biochemical, and genetic analyses position the Nup84 complex in two peripheral NPC rings. We establish a conserved tripartite element, the ancestral coatomer element ACE1, that reoccurs in several nucleoporins and vesicle coat proteins, providing structural evidence of coevolution from a common ancestor. We identified interactions that define the organization of the Nup84 complex on the basis of comparison with vesicle coats and confirmed the sites by mutagenesis. We propose that the NPC scaffold, like vesicle coats, is composed of polygons with vertices and edges forming a membrane-proximal lattice that provides docking sites for additional nucleoporins. 相似文献
5.
Carroll KS Hanna J Simon I Krise J Barbero P Pfeffer SR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5520):1373-1376
Mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) deliver lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to endosomes and then return to the Golgi complex. TIP47 recognizes the cytoplasmic domains of MPRs and is required for endosome-to-Golgi transport. Here we show that TIP47 also bound directly to the Rab9 guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) in its active, GTP-bound conformation. Moreover, Rab9 increased the affinity of TIP47 for its cargo. A functional Rab9 binding site was required for TIP47 stimulation of MPR transport in vivo. Thus, a cytosolic cargo selection device may be selectively recruited onto a specific organelle, and vesicle budding might be coupled to the presence of an active Rab GTPase. 相似文献
6.
Stiffler MA Chen JR Grantcharova VP Lei Y Fuchs D Allen JE Zaslavskaia LA MacBeath G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5836):364-369
PDZ domains have long been thought to cluster into discrete functional classes defined by their peptide-binding preferences. We used protein microarrays and quantitative fluorescence polarization to characterize the binding selectivity of 157 mouse PDZ domains with respect to 217 genome-encoded peptides. We then trained a multidomain selectivity model to predict PDZ domain-peptide interactions across the mouse proteome with an accuracy that exceeds many large-scale, experimental investigations of protein-protein interactions. Contrary to the current paradigm, PDZ domains do not fall into discrete classes; instead, they are evenly distributed throughout selectivity space, which suggests that they have been optimized across the proteome to minimize cross-reactivity. We predict that focusing on families of interaction domains, which facilitates the integration of experimentation and modeling, will play an increasingly important role in future investigations of protein function. 相似文献
7.
RanGTPase的活性蛋白RanGAP1位于细胞质中,是RanGTP/GDP循环的一个关键调节器,对细胞的核质运输和有丝分裂都有重要作用。RanGAP1是第一个为人们所证实的可被SUMO-1的蛋白质,SUMO化的RanGAP1位于核孔,与核孔蛋白RanBP2/Nup358及其相关因子相结合,对细胞周期起到调控作用。 相似文献
8.
Coiled-coil proteins of the golgin family have been implicated in intra-Golgi transport through tethering coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicles. The p115-golgin tether is the best studied, and here we characterize the golgin-84-CASP tether. The vesicles bound by this tether were strikingly different from those bound by the p115-golgin tether in that they lacked members of the p24 family of putative cargo receptors and contained enzymes instead of anterograde cargo. Microinjected golgin-84 or CASP also inhibited Golgi-enzyme transport to the endoplasmic reticulum, further implicating this tether in retrograde transport. These and other golgins may modulate the flow patterns within the Golgi stack. 相似文献
9.
When not transporting cargo, kinesin-1 is autoinhibited by binding of a tail region to the motor domains, but the mechanism of inhibition is unclear. We report the crystal structure of a motor domain dimer in complex with its tail domain at 2.2 angstroms and compare it with a structure of the motor domain alone at 2.7 angstroms. These structures indicate that neither an induced conformational change nor steric blocking is the cause of inhibition. Instead, the tail cross-links the motor domains at a second position, in addition to the coiled coil. This "double lockdown," by cross-linking at two positions, prevents the movement of the motor domains that is needed to undock the neck linker and release adenosine diphosphate. This autoinhibition mechanism could extend to some other kinesins. 相似文献
10.
Karcher RL Roland JT Zappacosta F Huddleston MJ Annan RS Carr SA Gelfand VI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5533):1317-1320
Organelle transport by myosin-V is down-regulated during mitosis, presumably by myosin-V phosphorylation. We used mass spectrometry phosphopeptide mapping to show that the tail of myosin-V was phosphorylated in mitotic Xenopus egg extract on a single serine residue localized in the carboxyl-terminal organelle-binding domain. Phosphorylation resulted in the release of the motor from the organelle. The phosphorylation site matched the consensus sequence of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and inhibitors of CaMKII prevented myosin-V release. The modulation of cargo binding by phosphorylation is likely to represent a general mechanism regulating organelle transport by myosin-V. 相似文献
11.
Modugno G Roati G Riboli F Ferlaino F Brecha RJ Inguscio M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5590):2240-2243
A degenerate gas of identical fermions is brought to collapse by the interaction with a Bose-Einstein condensate. We used an atomic mixture of fermionic potassium-40 and bosonic rubidium-87, in which the strong interspecies attraction leads to an instability above a critical number of particles. The observed phenomenon suggests a direction for manipulating fermion-fermion interactions on the route to superfluidity. 相似文献
12.
Pan X Lührmann A Satoh A Laskowski-Arce MA Roy CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5883):1651-1654
Specialized secretion systems are used by many bacteria to deliver effector proteins into host cells that can either mimic or disrupt the function of eukaryotic factors. We found that the intracellular pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii use a type IV secretion system to deliver into eukaryotic cells a large number of different bacterial proteins containing ankyrin repeat homology domains called Anks. The L. pneumophila AnkX protein prevented microtubule-dependent vesicular transport to interfere with fusion of the L. pneumophila-containing vacuole with late endosomes after infection of macrophages, which demonstrates that Ank proteins have effector functions important for bacterial infection of eukaryotic host cells. 相似文献
13.
[目的]建立具有绿色荧光标记的表达T7RNA聚合酶的稳定细胞系。[方法]从BL21（DE3）大肠杆菌中克隆出T7RNAP基因,定向克隆进质粒FG12后,构建了表达T7RNA聚合酶基因（T7）的Lenti-virus重组质粒FG12-T7RNAP。用此重组质粒转染293T细胞,WB可检测出瞬时表达的T7RNAP蛋白;利用辅助质粒对表达T7的非复制型Lenti-virus病毒进行体外包装,所获得的非复制型Lenti-virus病毒感染BHK-21细胞,利用GFP通过流式细胞分选仪筛选表达T7的细胞系,并利用WB检测基因的表达。[结果]通过WB检测出不同代次的阳性细胞中均能稳定表达目的基因T7RNA聚合酶。[结论]T7RNA聚合酶能顺利在真核细胞内表达,并在此基础上建立的稳定细胞系为RNA病毒体内拯救技术平台的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
14.
[目的]建立具有绿色荧光标记表达T7 RNA聚合酶的稳定细胞系。[方法]从BL21（DE3）大肠杆菌中克隆出T7RNAP基因,定向克隆质粒FG12后,构建了表达T7 RNA聚合酶基因（T7）的Lenti-virus重组质粒FG12-T7 RNAP。用此重组质粒转染293T细胞,WB可检测出瞬时表达的T7 RNAP蛋白;利用辅助质粒对表达T7的非复制型Lenti-virus病毒进行体外包装,所获得的非复制型Lenti-virus病毒感染BHK-21细胞,利用GFP通过流式细胞分选仪筛选表达T7的细胞系,并利用WB检测基因的表达。[结果]通过WB检测出不同代次的阳性细胞中均能稳定表达目的基因T7 RNA聚合酶。[结论]T7 RNA聚合酶能顺利在真核细胞内表达,并在此基础上建立的稳定细胞系为RNA病毒体内拯救技术平台的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
15.
Tews I Findeisen F Sinning I Schultz A Schultz JE Linder JU 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):1020-1023
Class III adenylyl cyclases contain catalytic and regulatory domains, yet structural insight into their interactions is missing. We show that the mycobacterial adenylyl cyclase Rv1264 is rendered a pH sensor by its N-terminal domain. In the structure of the inhibited state, catalytic and regulatory domains share a large interface involving catalytic residues. In the structure of the active state, the two catalytic domains rotate by 55 degrees to form two catalytic sites at their interface. Two alpha helices serve as molecular switches. Mutagenesis is consistent with a regulatory role of the structural transition, and we suggest that the transition is regulated by pH. 相似文献
16.
Hydrophobic collapse in multidomain protein folding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the collapse of a two-domain protein, the BphC enzyme, into a globular structure to examine how water molecules mediate hydrophobic collapse of proteins. In the interdomain region, liquid water persists with a density 10 to 15% lower than in the bulk, even at small domain separations. Water depletion and hydrophobic collapse occur on a nanosecond time scale, which is two orders of magnitude slower than that found in the collapse of idealized paraffin-like plates. When the electrostatic protein-water forces are turned off, a dewetting transition occurs in the interdomain region and the collapse speeds up by more than an order of magnitude. When attractive van der Waals forces are turned off as well, the dewetting in the interdomain region is more profound, and the collapse is even faster. 相似文献
17.
We present a theory of the metal-insulator transition in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas. A quantum critical point, separating the metallic phase, which is stabilized by electronic interactions, from the insulating phase, where disorder prevails over the electronic interactions, has been identified. The existence of the quantum critical point leads to a divergence in the density of states of the underlying collective modes at the transition, causing the thermodynamic properties to behave critically as the transition is approached. We show that the interplay of electron-electron interactions and disorder can explain the observed transport properties and the anomalous enhancement of the spin susceptibility near the metal-insulator transition. 相似文献
18.
An elaborate vesicle transport system supports the active exchange of membranes and protein cargo between the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network. Many observations suggest that highly conserved mechanisms are used in vesicle formation and scission. Such similarity is found both at the level of the receptor-ligand sequestration process that uses clathrin and associated polymeric and monomeric adaptor proteins, and in the machinery used to deform and vesiculate lipid membranes. 相似文献
19.
Biological responses to histone methylation critically depend on the faithful readout and transduction of the methyl-lysine signal by "effector" proteins, yet our understanding of methyl-lysine recognition has so far been limited to the study of histone binding by chromodomain and WD40-repeat proteins. The double tudor domain of JMJD2A, a Jmjc domain-containing histone demethylase, binds methylated histone H3-K4 and H4-K20. We found that the double tudor domain has an interdigitated structure, and the unusual fold is required for its ability to bind methylated histone tails. The cocrystal structure of the JMJD2A double tudor domain with a trimethylated H3-K4 peptide reveals that the trimethyl-K4 is bound in a cage of three aromatic residues, two of which are from the tudor-2 motif, whereas the binding specificity is determined by side-chain interactions involving amino acids from the tudor-1 motif. Our study provides mechanistic insights into recognition of methylated histone tails by tudor domains and reveals the structural intricacy of methyl-lysine recognition by two closely spaced effector domains. 相似文献
20.
Hardy WR Li L Wang Z Sedy J Fawcett J Frank E Kucera J Pawson T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5835):251-256
Changes in protein-protein interactions may allow polypeptides to perform unexpected regulatory functions. Mammalian ShcA docking proteins have amino-terminal phosphotyrosine (pTyr) binding (PTB) and carboxyl-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, which recognize specific pTyr sites on activated receptors, and a central region with two phosphorylated tyrosine-X-asparagine (pYXN) motifs (where X represents any amino acid) that each bind the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) adaptor. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ShcA may signal through both pYXN-dependent and -independent pathways. We show that, in mice, cardiomyocyte-expressed ShcA directs mid-gestational heart development by a PTB-dependent mechanism that does not require the pYXN motifs. In contrast, the pYXN motifs are required with PTB and SH2 domains in the same ShcA molecule for the formation of muscle spindles, skeletal muscle sensory organs that regulate motor behavior. Thus, combinatorial differences in ShcA docking interactions may yield multiple signaling mechanisms to support diversity in tissue morphogenesis. 相似文献