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1.
青海湖水位下降与湖区生态环境演变研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
郭武 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(2):75-80
研究了青海湖水位的变化情况，并对湖水位升降的原因进行了分析，认为青海湖萎缩是由于气候暖干化所致，再加上近几十年人类活动的影响，致使湖区生态环境进一步恶化。这些研究有助于掌握青海湖水位的升降和湖区生态环境状况，为防治青海湖萎缩和综合治理青海湖流域的生态环境问题提供依据。 相似文献
2.
流域气候变化和人类活动对内陆湖泊影响的分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
胡安焱 《干旱区资源与环境》2007,21(5):1-5
近几十年来干旱和半干旱地区的内陆湖泊发生了巨大的变化,有的出现了面积萎缩和水位下降,有的水位和面积保持稳定,有的消失;博斯腾湖是我国最大的内陆淡水湖,青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖;因此,研究其流域气候变化和人类活动对湖泊的影响具有代表性,对更好保护内陆湖泊,合理利用湖泊水资源具有重要的意义。利用1958-2000年流域降水和温度的资料和灌溉引水量的资料,采用年代对比、距平百分率、滑动平均曲线方法分析了气候变化和人类活动对博斯腾湖和青海湖的影响。分析结果表明气候变化是湖泊水位变化的主要原因;人类活动对博斯腾湖水位变化有一定的影响,而对青海湖水位变化的影响微弱。 相似文献
3.
西北典型内陆湖泊近40年来的演化特点及机制分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用40年来的实测数据研究揭示了西北典型内陆湖泊的演化特点及机制。研究表明:赛里木湖气候向暖湿转变,降水逐渐增加,处于湖面稳定扩张阶段;青海湖降水无明显变化,入湖地表径流却逐年减少,湖泊处于持续萎缩阶段;察尔汗盐湖,入湖水量少,湖面蒸发量大,处于干涸、半干涸状态,更容易萎缩。影响湖泊演化的因子主要是气候变化及人类活动。 相似文献
4.
张开丁柏峰 《干旱区资源与环境》2014,(11):60-66
青海湖是青藏高原地区一个重要的生态区域,该流域内生态环境的演变与区域内的人类活动有着不可忽视的关系。其中,流域内所特有的青海湖裸鲤资源的由盛转衰,是人类活动对该区域生态环境影响的一个缩影。以青海湖流域内的农、牧、渔业生产数据为基础,分析了该流域内人类活动对裸鲤资源的影响。结果表明:人类活动对该区域生态环境影响的广泛性、盲目性和活动主体对生态环境问题认识上的滞后性是造成青海湖裸鲤资源由盛转衰的根本原因。 相似文献
5.
气候变暖情景下的青海湖水位变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用1960-2010年青海湖及周边地区的常规气象观测资料,分析青海湖流域极端天气气候的变化,并讨论此类变化对青海湖水位的可能影响。结果表明：青海湖流域年平均气温和极端气温呈增暖趋势,流域上游地区大风日数减少;流域年降水量有弱增加趋势,但降水日数减少,上游刚察站极端强降水发生频数增加且强度增强,出现降水集中;当年青海湖水位变化量与上年不同强度降水的累积量皆呈显著正相关关系,说明湖水水位受降水量的滞后影响。近年在降水集中化的作用下,水位变幅由负值转为正值,体现青海湖流域气候变化逐渐由“暖干”向“暖湿”化的方向发展。2004年以来湖水水位逐渐上升,为该地区水土保持、防风固沙和生态恢复起到积极作用。 相似文献
6.
曲耀光 《干旱区资源与环境》1993,(Z1)
<正> 青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖泊,位于青藏高原东北隅,流域面积296611km~2,为一群山环绕的封闭山间湖盆。青海湖水面海拔超过3000m,深居大陆,远离大城镇,人为活动影响相对较少,基本上还处于半自然状态,是研究近代环境演化和气候变化的良好地区之一。青海湖作为气候变化的一面镜子,有观测资料的近三十年来,水位一直持续下降,可能反映了全球大气中CO_2及其它痕量气体含量增加所引起的气候变化。 相似文献
7.
研究引起径流变化的主要驱动因子对流域水文水资源与生态相关研究具有重要的指导意义。以典型草原型流域-锡林河流域1970-2014年径流及气象数据为基础,采用Mann-Kendall法、弹性系数法定量分析了气候变化及人类活动对径流变化的贡献程度。结果表明:近45a来锡林河流域年径流量呈显著下降的趋势,在1979、1986和1998年发生突变。1980-1986年人类活动对径流减少的贡献率为46.57%;1987-1998年人类活动对径流增加的贡献率高达91.46%,气候变化的贡献率仅为8.54%;1999-2014年人类活动对径流减少的贡献率为66.16%。整体而言,人类活动是锡林河流域径流变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
8.
对环青海湖地区天然草地和农田土壤重量含水率年际、年代际和年内动态变化进行气候趋势系数法、气候倾向率法和变异系数法等分析,结果表明：环青海湖地区天然草地与农田同期土壤含水率年际变化趋势相反。1997年以来,0～50 cm土壤含水率年际变化农田呈显著或极显著增大趋势,增大幅度3.062%·10a-1～10.848%·10a-1;天然草地土壤含水率均呈减少趋势,减少速率中间土层快上下慢,但趋势不显著;20世纪末本世纪初和2004—2010年两个时段农田土壤含水率增大,天然草地土壤含水率减少趋势极显著体现在前一阶段,而近
年来增减趋势不显著,各层次土壤含水率平均值均大于前一阶段,但牧草生长高峰期夏季变小。农田和草地土壤含水率年内变化相同,春季土壤含水率相对较高,其后极显著下滑,农田由于耕作性失墒等影响,土壤含水率下滑幅度大于草地。 相似文献
9.
青海湖流域生态旅游资源的自然地理基础与环境响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海湖流域及其周边地区是沟通青海省东部、西部和青南地区的枢纽地带,是青藏高原东北部重要的自然地域,也是青海省最著名的风景名胜区。由于气候变迁等自然因素,以及人为不合理的社会经济活动的影响,导致本来就很脆弱的高原生态环境遭到破坏,出现水位下降、水质恶化、土地沙化和草原退化、生物多样性锐减等一系列生态失调问题,严重地影响了这一地区生态旅游业的发展,引起中外学者和各级政府的关注。深入探索和研究、改善青海湖流域及周边地区生态环境、维护其生态平衡,已成为实现旅游资源保护性开发和促进生态旅游可持续发展的刻不容缓的迫切要求。 相似文献
10.
利用双累积曲线法、相关分析法分别对年和季降水径流关系进行了分析,探讨了径流与不同时段降水的响应关系,并通过多元线性回归法定量分析了径流对降水变化的响应程度。结果表明:(1)秃尾河流域年径流呈显著减少,年降水呈先减少后增加的趋势。(2)秃尾河流域四季径流均显著减少,夏季径流变化与年径流变化趋势一致;降水量则春季增加,夏季减少,而秋季和冬季降水先减少后增加,年降水变化主要受夏季和秋季降水变化的影响。(3)秃尾河流域夏季径流对同期降水的相关程度最强,冬季最弱;年径流与最大一个月降水的相关程度最高,其次为夏季。(4)相比于基准期,水土保持效应时期(1978—1998年),径流对降水变化的响应比重为27.4%,人类活动等其他因素的比重为72.6%,其中取用水比重为13.9%;资源开发期(1999—2000年),年径流对降水的响应比重为21.4%,人类活动等其他因素比重78.6%,其中取用水活动比重为17.4%。自人类大规模活动以来,人类活动始终是径流减少的主要影响因素,其中取用水比重有所增加;降水因素对径流减少的作用减小。 相似文献
11.
Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China.The change in the lake volume is an indicator of the variation in water resources and their response to climate change on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)in China.The present study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change and land use/cover change(LUCC)on the lake volume of the Qinghai Lake in China from 1958 to 2018,which is crucial for water resources management in the Qinghai Lake Basin.To explore the effects of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume,we analyzed the lake level observation data and multi-period land use/land cover(LULC)data by using an improved lake volume estimation method and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.Our results showed that the lake level decreased at the rate of 0.08 m/a from 1958 to 2004 and increased at the rate of 0.16 m/a from 2004 to 2018.The lake volume decreased by 105.40×108 m3 from 1958 to 2004,with the rate of 2.24×108 m3/a,whereas it increased by 74.02×108 m3 from 2004 to 2018,with the rate of 4.66×108 m3/a.Further,the climate of the Qinghai Lake Basin changed from warm-dry to warm-humid.From 1958 to 2018,the increase in precipitation and the decrease in evaporation controlled the change of the lake volume,which were the main climatic factors affecting the lake volume change.From 1977 to 2018,the measured water yield showed an"increase-decrease-increase"fluctuation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.The effects of climate change and LUCC on the measured water yield were obviously different.From 1977 to 2018,the contribution rate of LUCC was -0.76% and that of climate change was 100.76%;the corresponding rates were 8.57% and 91.43% from 1977 to 2004,respectively,and -4.25% and 104.25% from 2004 to 2018,respectively.Quantitative analysis of the effects and contribution rates of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume revealed the scientific significance of climate change and LUCC,as well as their individual and combined effects in the Qinghai Lake Basin and on the QTP.This study can contribute to the water resources management and regional sustainable development of the Qinghai Lake Basin. 相似文献
12.
13.
WANG Yuejian 《干旱区科学》2021,13(6):581-598
Changing climatic conditions and extensive human activities have influenced the global water cycle. In recent years, significant changes in climate and land use have degraded the watershed ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In this paper, variations of runoff, temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, lake area, socio-economic water usage, groundwater level and water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin from 1961 to 2015 were systematically analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test methods(M-K) mutation test, the cumulative levelling method, the climate-sensitive method and land-use change index. In addition, we evaluated the effects of human activities on land use change and water quality. The results reveal that there was a significant increase in temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2015, despite a decrease in reference evapotranspiration. The Wenquan station was not significantly affected by human activities as it is situated at a higher altitude. Runoff at this station increased significantly with climate warming. In contrast, runoff at the Jinghe station was severely affected by numerous human activities. Runoff decreased without obvious fluctuations. The contributions of climate change to runoff variation at the Jinghe and Wenquan stations were 46.87% and 58.94%, respectively; and the contributions of human activities were 53.13% and 41.06%, respectively. Land-use patterns in the basin have changed significantly between 1990 and 2015: urban and rural constructed lands, saline-alkali land, bare land, cultivated land, and forest land have expanded, while areas under grassland, lake, ice/snow and river/channel have declined. Human activities have dramatically intensified land degradation and desertification. From 1961 to 2015, both the inflow into the Ebinur Lake and the area of the lake have declined year by year; groundwater levels have dropped significantly, and the water quality has deteriorated during the study period. In the oasis irrigation area below the runoff pass, human activities mainly influenced the utilization mode and quantity of water resources. Changes in the hydrology and quantity of water resources were driven primarily by the continuous expansion of cultivated land and oasis, as well as the growth of population and the construction of hydraulic engineering projects. After 2015, the effects of some ecological protection projects were observed. However, there was no obvious sign of ecological improvement in the basin, and some environmental problems continue to persist. On this basis, this study recommends that the expansion of oasis should be limited according to the carrying capacity of the local water bodies. Moreover, in order to ensure the ecological security of the basin, it is necessary to determine the optimal oasis area for sustainable development and improve the efficiency of water resources exploitation and utilization. 相似文献
14.
结合博斯腾湖1960—2018年水位、出入湖径流以及气象站点实测资料,采用集合经验模态分解(Ensem?ble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)、水量平衡和气候弹性方法,对近60 a博斯腾湖水位变化及其影响因素进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)1960—2018年博斯腾湖水位总体呈下降态势,具体表现为“下降-上升-下降-上升”四个阶段。(2)在年际尺度上水位存在准3~4 a、准8~9 a的周期性振荡,而年代际尺度上表现出准29~30 a和准33~34 a的周期性变化。(3)1960—2018年降水、气温和潜在蒸散发对开都河、黄水沟和焉耆径流的累积贡献率分别达85.1%、42.1%和23.8%,而下垫面、其他气象变量和人为等因素累积对径流的贡献率分别约为14.9%、57.9%和76.2%。(4)对不同阶段博斯腾湖水位变化原因分析:1960—1987年水位急剧下降的主要原因同入湖径流减少和湖面蒸发量大有关;气温升高和降水量增加导致入湖水量增加是1988—2002年水位显著升高的主要原因;入湖径流减少和出湖水量增多,导致2003—2014年水位显著下降;博斯腾湖入湖水量的显著增加及对出湖水量的严格控制是2015—2018年水位明显上升的主要原因。 相似文献
15.
20世纪塔克拉玛干沙漠环境及其变迁 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20世纪,塔克拉玛干沙漠环境的变迁,出现了由自然因素影响为主到人为因素影响为主的转变,表现为生物种群,分布和数量的急剧减少;水系空间分布格局的全面改变;河流下游区雏形沙丘的迅速发育和局部区域小气候环境的恶化等。环境恶化的趋势仍在继续发展。增强人类对大自然的改造作用,减少人类对大自然的破坏影响,是对沙漠环境进行调节控制的有效途径。 相似文献
16.
基于MODIS数据的近期新疆主要湖泊水面变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖泊的水面积变化是气候变化和人类活动的指示器。利用2000-2011年的MODIS影像,提取新疆水面面积大于100 km2的11个湖泊信息,分析其变化特征。结果表明：11个湖泊总的水面积年变化大,其中最低值出现在2001年,约为4 585 km2,峰值在2003年,水面积为52 77 km2,湖面变幅大且频繁,而近几年湖泊面积总体呈增加趋势。从海拔和地域上分析,阿雅克库木湖等青藏高原型湖泊呈现持续扩张态势,山地湖泊如赛里木湖等湖泊面积基本保持稳定,而出山口绿洲湖泊如博斯腾湖水面积逐渐萎缩,尤其是平原湖泊艾比湖和玛纳斯湖等湖泊水面年变化幅度大,且极不稳定。新疆地区不同海拔和区域主要湖泊水面积变化存在明显的差异,体现了不同区域气候和人类活动的影响特征,但近期湖泊变化的总体趋势与气候变化一致,主要受气候变化的影响。 相似文献
17.
《干旱区科学》2015,(5)
Stable isotopic compositions(δ18O and δD) have been utilized as a useful indicator for evaluating the current and historical climatic and environmental changes. Therefore, it is vital to understand the relationship between the stable isotopic contents in lake water and the variations of lake level, particularly in Lake Qinghai, China. In this study, we analyzed the variations of isotope compositions(δ18O, δD and d-excess) in lake water and precipitation by using the samples that were collected from Lake Qinghai region during the period from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that the average isotopic contents of δ18O and δD in lake water were higher than those in precipitation, which were contrary to the variations of d-excess. The linear regression correlations between δ18O and δD in lake water and precipitation showed that the local evaporative line(LEL) in lake water(δD=5.88δ18O–2.41) deviated significantly from the local meteoric water line(LMWL) in precipitation(δD=8.26δ18O+16.91), indicating that evaporative enrichment had a significant impact on isotopic contents in lake water. Moreover, we also quantified the E/I ratio(evaporation-to-input ratio) in Lake Qinghai based on the lake water isotopic enrichment model derived from the Rayleigh equation. The changes of E/I ratios(ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 between 2009 and 2012) clearly revealed the shifts of lake levels in Lake Qinghai in recent years. The average E/I ratio of 0.40 reflected that water budget in Lake Qinghai was positive, and consistent with the rising lake levels and the increasing lake areas in many lakes of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings provide some evidences for studying the hydrological balance or water budget by using δ18O values of lake sedimentary materials and contribute to the reconstruction of paleolake water level and paleoclimate from an isotopic enrichment model in Lake Qinghai. 相似文献