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我国五省斯氏并殖吸虫群体形态学的分类地位研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的在于从形态学角度研究我国五省（广东、福建、云南、河北、四川）斯氏并殖吸虫各群体之间的种内差异以及四川并殖吸虫独立性问题。并比较宫崎、泡囊并殖吸虫与斯氏并殖吸虫在形态学方面的种间差异。应用光镜方法分别观察五省斯氏并殖吸虫成虫染色标本的主要形态特征并对表型观察指标（成虫长宽比例、睾丸长度与休长比例、口腹吸盘比例）进行统计学分析。从形态学方面观察结果来看，五省斯氏并殖吸虫群体之间存在的差异较小，其中四川并殖吸虫与斯氏并殖吸虫之间存在的差异也不大。泡囊并残吸虫在形态学方面与斯氏并殖吸虫各地域株也较为相似。日本的宫崎并殖吸虫在形态学方面与斯氏并殖吸虫群体可能均属斯氏并殖吸虫同一虫种，由于受地理因素影响，种内可能存在着不同的载域株。四川并殖吸虫与斯氏并殖吸虫可能系同种异名。其二泡囊并殖吸虫与日本的宫崎并殖吸虫很可能也是斯氏并殖吸虫的同种异名。为进一步明确五省斯氏并殖吸虫群体及泡囊并殖吸虫与日本的宫崎并殖吸虫的分类地位尚需结合分子生物学的研究进行综合分析。 相似文献
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从汕头市某动物园一头病死云豹(Neofelisnubulosa)的肺脏中检出大量肺吸虫成虫。根据病理学解剖、寄生特点和虫体形态学鉴定,结果证明所分离的虫体为卫氏并殖吸虫(Paragonimuswestermanii)。 相似文献
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旋毛虫各隔离种成虫肠期持续时间的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以旋毛虫国际标准种：旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis）和本地毛形线虫（Trichiella nativa）为对照，对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫成虫肠期持续时间了比较研究，研究结果表明：4个旋毛虫隔离种均在感染后的6－8d成虫回收率最高；猪旋毛虫和Txspiralis成虫肠期持续时间分别为22d和20d，犬旋毛虫和T.nativa分别为16d和14d。研究结果揭示，黑龙江省猪旋毛虫相当于旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spiralis），犬旋毛虫相当于本地毛形线虫（Trichinella nativa）。 相似文献
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吸虫病(Trematodiasis)如血吸虫病、肝片形吸虫病等是一类重要的人兽共患寄生虫病,在我国和世界各地普遍流行,危害严重。本文将对吸虫线粒体基因组全序列分析的研究进展、应用和今后的发展方向作一综述。目前,已完成包括复殖亚纲10个种和单殖亚纲4个种总计14种吸虫线粒体基因组全序列测定。吸虫线粒体基因组碱基组成、基因结构与排列、基因变异等分析结果为线粒体功能基因组学研究、比较基因组学研究、分子分类学研究、物种起源、分子系统发育与进化分析及其疾病诊断等提供了重要依据和指导作用。线粒体基因组序列分析有助于解决一些新近发现的种如三平并殖吸虫、中华血吸虫等独立种的分类地位;而怡乐村并殖吸虫和佐渡并殖吸虫是大平并殖吸虫的同物异名吸虫。日本片形吸虫与大片形吸虫的cox1基因序列完全一致,这些日本片形吸虫应为大片形吸虫;大片形吸虫不同株虽然在cox1基因序列上无差异,但nad1基因却有8.3%变异性,这表明大片形吸虫不同株中可能存在隐蔽种。总之,线粒体基因组序列可为吸虫虫种与虫株的分类学地位的确定提供重要依据。同时,人们可根据线粒体基因组序列,通过PCR方法有效地对临床上易混淆的吸虫的种、株或群等作出确切的鉴别与诊断,从... 相似文献
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卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴在流行区溪蟹眼肌内的发现常正山，张永年（中国预防医学科学院寄生虫病研究所）林荣泉，金黛英（上海市食品公司吴淞肉联厂）肺吸虫病是人畜共患寄生虫病，我国疫区多以卫氏并殖吸虫类群引起肺型并殖吸虫病为主。并殖吸虫生活史中的第二中间宿主是溪蟹类... 相似文献
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目的 比较两种主要对人体致病的肺吸虫在实验动物肺内与肺外（胸、腹腔）的分布，为临床诊断及药物治疗提供参考。方法 粪检肺吸虫卵阴性的猫犬分别经口感染卫氏并殖吸虫（P．W）与斯氏并殖吸虫（P．S）囊蚴，饲养3个月后粪检肺吸虫卵阳性时对犬、猫进行解剖，观察与统计内肺外虫数。结果 猫犬解剖所获得P．W与P．S成虫均以左、右肺下叶寄生成虫数最多，猫、犬感染P．W后检获肺外期与左、右肺的童虫数均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。猫感染P．S后所检获肺外期童虫数与左、右肺的童虫数有显著性差异（P〈0．05），而犬感染P．S所检获肺外期童虫数与左、右肺的童虫数有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）。猫感染P．W与P．S囊蚴后虫体平均回收率为41．84％，39．85％；犬感染P．w与P．S囊蚴后虫体平均回收率分别为47．44％，24．57％。经统计学处理猫感染两种虫体回收率显著高于犬（P〈0．05）。结论 两种肺吸虫在实验动物犬、猫肺部的分布均以左、右肺下叶寄生成虫数最多，猫犬感染P．S所检获的肺外期童虫数与检获左、右肺内的童虫数分别为有显著性差异（P〈0．05）与高度显著性差异（P〈0．01），猫感染虫体的回收率明显高于犬。 相似文献
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以旋毛虫国际标准虫种：旋毛形线虫（Trichinella spirlais）和本地长形线虫(Trichinella nativa）作对照,应用DNA限制性片段长度多态性（PELP）技术对黑龙江省猪、犬旋毛虫进行虫种鉴定。结果显示：猪旋毛虫和旋毛形线虫酶切图谱相同;犬旋毛虫和本地毛形线虫酶谱一致。结果提示,黑龙江猪旋毛虫为旋毛形线虫,犬旋毛虫为本地毛形线虫。 相似文献
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单殖吸虫（Monogened）最初隶于扁形动物门的吸虫纲，但在Bychowsky（１９３７）、Lebedev（１９８８）、和Malmberg（１９９０）的分类系统中都主张将其单独作为一个纲。１９９３年Boeger和Krisky发表的“单殖吸虫系统发生与分类修订”一文中，将单殖吸虫纲分为多钩、多盘、寡钩３个亚纲。迄今已记录的种类有３０００余种，主要以鱼类为寄主，其对缩主具有高度的特异性，同一个种能寄生于２个以上宿主者甚少见。我国海鱼寄生单殖吸虫种类繁多，开展研究较迟且少。现已记述约有２８科，１０２属，近２００种。现仅将有关学者已发表过的寄… 相似文献
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将实验室培育的“清洁”草原革蜱（Ｄｅｒｍａｃｅｎｔｏｒｎｕｔｔａｌｌｉ）饥饿成虫，饲喂在人工感染驽巴贝斯虫（Ｂａｂｅｓｉａｃａｂａｉｌｉ）的驴体上，俟雌虫饱血脱落后，置２８℃、相对湿度约９０％的培育箱中产卵孵化；再将次代幼虫和若虫饲喂在健康驴体上，待饱血脱落后仍置培育箱中蜕化。观察了各发育阶段蜱的血淋巴、肠管、唾液腺以及卵内驽巴贝斯虫的发育形态。在饱血雌虫的血淋巴中发现２种不同类型的裂殖体，即大裂殖体和小裂殖体。成熟的游离大裂殖子大小为（５．０～１６．０）μｍ×（２．０～４．５）μｍ，平均９．８５μｍ×３．Ｏμｍ；小裂殖子的大小约１．２μｍ×０．５μｍ。在肠管中见到红细胞性虫体和直径４．０～６．μｍ的球形体。在卵巢中观察到梭形、球形体及梨籽形小裂殖子。卵内发育的驽巴贝斯虫呈多形性：卵圆形、圆形、椭圆形、梭形、梨籽形、棍棒形、逗点形、半月形以及难以形容的奇形古怪的形态。次代幼虫、饥饿若虫、饱血若虫和饥饿成虫的血淋巴及肠管中所见到的都是小裂殖子（幼虫的肠管中也见到大裂殖子），唾液腺中都有子孢子存在。 相似文献
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青海可可西里国家自然保护区草地牧草营养成分测定 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
测定了可可西里国家级自然保护区内紫花针茅草地型和高山嵩草草地型牧草,冷季9月份和4月份营养成分。结果表明,各种牧草营养成分含量随种类不同和生长季节迁移而呈现一定差异;9月份两类草地型牧草DM,CP,EE,NDF,ADF,ADL,Ash,Ca和P平均含量分别为92.20%和90.42%,5.40%和5.98%,2.90%和3.06%,48.30%和44.3%,41.40%和34.36%,3.68%和6.52%,18.85%和8.28%,1.43%和1.25%,0.38%和0.47%;4月份两类草地型牧草DM,CP,EE,NDF,ADF,ADL,Ash,Ca和P平均含量分别为94.33%和93.75%,3.69%和5.85%,1.52%和2.32%,66.82%和61.88%,47.14%和43.32%,9.14%和8.53%,13.48%和13.47%,1.38%和1.16%,0.38%和0.36%;紫花针茅草地型和高山嵩草草地型牧草CP平均含量9月份较4月份分别高出46.8%和35.5%,NDF,ADF和ADL分别降低了27.71%和28.41%,11.95%和20.68%,59.63%和23.33%;就营养品质而言,高山嵩草草地型牧草优于紫花针茅草地型牧草。 相似文献
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氨基酸生物配比与遗传密码关联的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究遗传密友与氨基酸生物配比之关联表明,具有相同同义密友子数的氨基酸ＢＦＡＡ之均数与其氨基酸平均分子量和密码子抽样概率均数之关系模型为Ｐｘ＝Ｋ／ｍｘｅｘｐ（２／Ｒｘ）＋ａ,其中ｋ和ａ均为常数。依据概率事件的运算法则,可用４种核苷的抽样概率来估计Ｒｘ值,当用ｘ代替Ｒｘ时,模型的估计精度不变。 相似文献
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: Some feed ingredients bind more acid in the stomach than others and for this reason may be best omitted from pig starter foods if gastric acidity is to be promoted. The objective of this study was to measure the acid-binding capacity (ABC) of ingredients commonly used in pig starter foods. Ingredients were categorised as follows: (i) milk products (n = 6), (ii) cereals (n = 10), (iii) root and pulp products (n = 5), (iv) vegetable proteins (n = 11), (v) meat and fish meal (n = 2), (vi) medication (n = 3), (vii) amino acids (n = 4), (viii) minerals (n = 16), (ix) acid salts (n = 4), (x) acids (n = 10). A 0.5 g sample of food was suspended in 50 ml distilled de-ionised water with continuous stirring. This suspension was titrated with 0.1 mol/L HCl or 0.1 mol/L NaOH so that approximately 10 additions of titrant was required to reach pH 3.0. The pH readings after each addition were recorded following equilibration for three minutes. ABC was calculated as the amount of acid in milliequivalents (meq) required to lower the pH of 1 kg food to (a) pH 4.0 (ABC-4) and (b) pH 3.0 (ABC-3). Categories of food had significantly different (P < 0.01) ABC values. Mean ABC-4 and ABC-3 values of the ten categories were: (i) 623 (s.d. 367.0) and 936 (s.d. 460.2), (ii) 142 (s.d. 79.2) and 324 (s.d. 146.4), (iii) 368 (s.d. 65.3) and 804 (s.d. 126.7), (iv) 381 (s.d. 186.1) and 746 (s.d. 227.0), (v) 749 (s.d. 211.6) and 1508 (s.d. 360.8), (vi) 120 (s.d. 95.6) and 261 (s.d. 163.2), (vii) 177 (s.d. 60.7) and 1078 (s.d. 359.0), (viii) 5064 (s.d. 5525.1) and 7051 (s.d. 5911.6), (ix) 5057 (s.d. 1336.6) and 8945 (s.d. 2654.1) and (x) -5883 (s.d. 4220.5) and -2591 (s.d. 2245.4) meq HCl per kg, respectively. Within category, ABC-3 and ABC- 4 values were highly correlated: R2 values of 0.80 and greater for food categories i, iv, v, vi, vii and viii. The correlation between predicted and observed ABC values of 34 mixed diets was 0.83 for ABC-4 and 0.71 for ABC-3. It was concluded that complete diets with low ABC values may be formulated through careful selection of ingredients. The final pH to which ABC is measured should matter little as ABC-3 and ABC-4 are highly correlated. 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in lactating sheep 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) was investigated after its intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administration in six healthy lactating sheep. After iv ENR injection (as a bolus), the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)), the volume of distribution (Vd(area)), and the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were 3.30 (0.36)h, 2.91 (0.17)l/kg and 4.19 (0.18) microg h/ml, respectively. The maximum milk concentrations of ENR (C(max)), the area under the milk concentration vs. time curve (AUC(milk)) and the ratio AUC(milk)/AUC(serum) were 2.38 (0.14)microg/ml, 23.76 (2.21) microg h/ml and 5.62 (0.30), respectively. After im administration of ENR the t(1/2beta), C(max), time of C(max) (t(max)) and absolute bioavailability (F(abs)) were 3.87 (0.10)h, 0.74 (0.07) microg/ml, 0.83 (0.12)h and 75.35%, respectively. The C(max), AUC(milk) and the ratio AUC(milk)/AUC(serum) were 1.94 (0.13) microg/ml, 24.81 (2.25) microg h/ml and 8.15 (0.96), respectively. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究谷氨酰胺对黄颡鱼幼鱼抗氧化能力及非特异性免疫力的影响。选取平均体重为(2.49±0.04)g的黄颡鱼幼鱼240尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。4组试验鱼分别饲喂谷氨酰胺添加量为0(对照)、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的等氮等能试验饲料。试验期为10周。结果表明:饲料中添加0.2%的谷氨酰胺可以显著提高黄颡鱼幼鱼的血清总蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量(P0.05);各组黄颡鱼幼鱼的血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性差异不显著(P0.05);饲料中添加0.1%的谷氨酰胺可以显著提高黄颡鱼幼鱼肝脏中过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(P0.05);随着饲料中谷氨酰胺添加量的增加,头肾巨噬细胞的吞噬指数呈升高趋势,且0.2%和0.4%组较对照组显著升高(P0.05),但0.2%和0.4%组间差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加0.1%~0.2%的谷氨酰胺能够提高机体的抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫力。 相似文献
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Effect of Heat Stress on Milk Production,Rectal Temperature,Respiratory Rate and Blood Chemistry in Holstein,Jersey and Australian Milking Zebu Cows 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
The effect of heat stress on changes in milk production, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and blood chemistry was evaluated in three groups of six mature Holstein, Jersey and Australian Milking Zebu (AMZ) dairy cows. These animals were subjected to a cool environment when the mean temperature-humidity index (THI) was 72+/-1.4 (dry bulb temperature of 22.2-24.4 degrees C and relative humidity of 100-60%) during the month of December. This experiment was repeated during the hotter month of July of the following year, when the mean THI was 93+/-3.1 (dry bulb temperature of 35.6-43.9 degrees C and relative humidity 95-35%). Holstein cows produced more (p <0.01) milk than AMZ and Jersey cows during the cooler months of the year and all the cows were dry during the hotter months from June until September. Heat stress increased (p<0.01) rectal temperature and respiratory rate in all three breeds. Heat stress had no effect on blood pH in Holstein and AMZ cows but lowered (p <0.01) blood pH from 7.42 to 7.34 in Jersey cows. In addition, heat stress lowered (p <0.01) blood pCO2 (kPa), bicarbonate (HCO3, mmol/L), base excess (BE, mmol/L) and plasma chloride (Cl-, mmol/L) in all three breeds. The total haemoglobin (THb, g/dl) was elevated (p <0.01) in all three breeds when they were subjected to heat stress. Heat stress increased (p<0.01) oxygen saturation (O2SAT, %) in Jersey and AMZ cows but lowered it (p <0.01) in Holstein cows. On the other hand, heat stress increased (p <0.01)pO2 (kPa) in Holstein and Jersey cows but lowered it (p <0.01) in AMZ cows. Heat stress increased (p <0.01) plasma potassium (K, mmol/L) and calcium (Ca, mmol/L) only in Holstein and Jersey cows but lowered them (p<0.01) in AMZ cows. The plasma glucose (GLU, mmol/L) increased (p<0.01) with heat stress in Holstein and AMZ cows but decreased (p <0.01) in Jersey cows. Heat stress increased (p<0.01) plasma creatinine (CR, (mol/L) but lowered (p<0.01) plasma creatinine phosphokinase (CPK, IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, IU/L) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN, mmol/L) in all three breeds. These results indicate that heat-stressed Holstein and AMZ cows were able to maintain their acid-base balance with a marginal change in their pH of 0.02 when their rectal temperatures increased by 0.47 and 0.38 degrees C, respectively. When heat stress increased the rectal temperature in Jersey cows by 0.70 degrees C, the pH decreased (p<0.01) from 7.42 to 7.34. However, even with this decrease 0.08 the pH is still within the lower physiological limit of 7.31. 相似文献
19.
为探讨伊氏锥虫对安锥赛抗药性的分子机理，以布氏锥虫对砷剂药物抗药性相关的TbTA1基因设计引物，以55℃、57℃、60℃、63℃和65℃不同退火温度，分别从伊氏锥虫敏感株的cDNA和基因组DNA中扩增出TbTA1基因的全长序列，但是从安锥赛抗药株伊氏锥虫的cDNA和基因组DNA中都未扩增出TbTA1基因，这表明基因TbTA1可能与伊氏锥虫安锥赛抗药性的产生有关。伊氏锥虫与布氏锥虫的，TbTA1基因序列比较，它们有10个碱基不同，即第88位的G（T.e）-A（T.b）、第144位的T（T．e）-C（T．b）、第224位的C（T．e）-T（T．b）、第471位的C（T.e）-T（T.b）、第472位的A（T．e）-G（T.b）、第549位的G（T．e）-T（T．b）、第1008位的C（T．e）-T（T.b）、第1033位的A（T．e）-G（T．b）、第1293位的A（T．e）-G（T．b）和第1384位的T（T．e）-C（T．b），其中有5个碱基所编码的氨基酸不同，即Val^30（T.e）Ile（T．b）、Ala^75（T．e）-Val（T．b）、Ile^158（T．e）-Val（T．b）、Thr^345（T．e）-Ala（T．b）和Ser^462（T.e）-Pro（T．b），这表明伊氏锥虫与布氏锥虫的TbTA1差异可能是它们的种间差异。 相似文献
20.
Adrian AM Koene M Roberts S Doughty P Bolas N Kinns J Brehm W Gerlach K 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(3):296-303
The extent of fat suppression using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging is variable between horses. Our aim was to determine if patient's age and/or hoof temperature have an influence on the T(1) relaxation time of bone marrow in the equine distal limb, thereby affecting the suppression of fat signal. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on standing horses and cadaver samples using a low-field magnet (0.27 T). The hoof temperature was measured at the lateral side of the coronary band. A modified inversion recovery fast spin-echo (IR-FSE) sequence was used to measure the signal intensity for a range of inversion times (TIs) at six different regions of interest (ROI): (1) distal aspect of the proximal phalanx, (2) proximal aspect of the middle phalanx, (3) distal aspect of the middle phalanx, (4) navicular bone, (5) proximal aspect of the distal phalanx, and (6) distal aspect of the distal phalanx. The T(1) of the bone marrow in the equine distal limb was calculated from the results and was found to increase by 3.13 ± 0.08 (SE) ms/°C. There was no significant effect of age (2-16 years) but the T(1) values measured from the limbs of young (< 1 year) animals were considerably longer (32.6 ± 1.7 (SE) ms). Similar effects of temperature and age were found for all measured ROIs but there were significant differences in the mean values of T(1) , ranging from +7.7 (distal aspect of the distal phalanx) to -13.2 ms (distal aspect of the proximal phalanx). 相似文献