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1.
甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
试验选用体重70 kg左右、日龄相近、体质良好的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,采用单因子随机设计,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg甜菜碱的日粮,试验期30 d,研究甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3、4组日均采食量、日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肉色评分、大理石评分显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组各项指标有所改善,但效果不显著(P>0.05),本试验表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱可提高育肥猪生长性能,改善胴体品质和肉品质,其中添加1500、2000 mg/kg的甜菜碱效果较为理想。 相似文献
2.
为研究日粮中添加α-硫辛酸对肥育猪胴体性状与肉品质的影响,选择体重60kg左右的杜长大三元杂交育肥猪96头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加300、600和900mg/kgα-硫辛酸,试验期28d。结果表明,硫辛酸对育肥猪屠宰率无显著影响,但与对照组相比,600mg/kg和900mg/kgα-硫辛酸添加组背膘厚显著降低(P<0.05)。600mg/kgα-硫辛酸添加组与对照组相比,pH45min和pH24h显著提高(P<0.05),24h肉色L*值、b*值极显著降低(P<0.01),a*值显著增加(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,日粮中添加硫辛酸能改善育肥猪的胴体性状和肉品质。 相似文献
3.
甜菜碱和胆碱对育肥猪胴体品质及肉品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验采用两因素(甜菜碱、胆碱)2×3析因试验设计,选用81头健康的80kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机分成9组,每组3个重复。日粮中甜菜碱的添加水平为0、1000、1500mg/kg,胆碱的添加水平为0、250、500mg/kg,通过屠宰试验测定各项指标。结果表明,添加甜菜碱和胆碱组屠宰率、熟肉率增加,屠宰24h后的pH值和大理石纹评分稍有增加,背膘厚有所降低,同时添加甜菜碱1500mg/kg和胆碱500mg/kg总体效果最好。甜菜碱和胆碱对胴体品质和肉品质无互作效应。 相似文献
4.
选取日龄和体重相似的60头杜长大三元猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组30头,组内设3个重复,每重复10头试验猪.对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,预试期7 d,试验期60 d.试验结果表明:在育肥猪日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,可使育肥猪日增重提高5.04%(P<0.05),料肉比降低4.01%(P>0.05);同时可以使屠宰率和贮存2 d的肌总色素两指标分别提高0.91%和0.24%;吡啶甲酸铬可显著提高胴体瘦肉率4.92%(P<0.05)和眼肌面积5.32cm<'2>(P<0.05),同时显著降低背膘厚0.35cm(P<0.05).吡啶甲酸铬能显著提高育肥猪的日增重并明显降低料肉比,改善育肥猪的胴体品质,因此在育肥猪日粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
5.
《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(19)
本试验旨在研究日粮添加胍基乙酸对育肥猪的生长性能、胴体品质及肉品质的影响。试验选用72头初始体重(75.10±0.75)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)育肥猪,按体重一致、公母各半的原则,随机分为2个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验期45 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加500 mg/kg胍基乙酸。结果表明:日粮添加胍基乙酸显著提高了育肥猪平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低其耗料增重比(P0.05),对平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加胍基乙酸提高了育肥猪胴体重、屠宰率和标准无脂瘦肉率(P0.05),显著降低其第10肋背膘厚度(P0.05),但对其眼肌面积无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加胍基乙酸提高了育肥猪背最长肌肉红度(a*)、pH_(45 min)和pH_(24 h),显著降低了其滴水损失(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮添加500μg/kg胍基乙酸改善了育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质。 相似文献
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甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能和PRKAG3基因相对表达量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能和PRKAG3基因表达量的影响,试验采用单因子试验设计,选用80 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂交猪60头,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪,在日粮中添加甜菜碱0,500,1 000,1 500 mg/kg,试验期为41 d,试验结束后随机选择(每组随机选择3头)12头猪进行屠宰测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加甜菜碱对育肥猪的日增重、日采食量、料重比均有明显影响,可以不同程度地提高日增重和采食量,降低料重比,其中以添加1 500 mg/kg甜菜碱(4组)的效果最为明显;日粮中添加甜菜碱可以不同程度地提高育肥猪PRKAG3基因的表达量,其中以1 500 mg/kg甜菜碱(4组)的效果最为明显。说明甜菜碱可以提供甲基供体,节约蛋氨酸和胆碱,从而提高育肥猪的生长性能。 相似文献
7.
通过饲养试验和屠宰试验,研究了甜菜碱作为能量调节剂在双低菜粕型生长肥育猪日粮中的作用效果。试验选用体重30kg左右杜长大商品猪80头,按体重、性别、出生日龄相对一致的原则随机分成5组,每组16头,公母各半,分单栏饲养。以玉米-豆粕日粮为正对照组,即试验1组(30～60kg阶段DE为13.91MJ/kg;60～100kg阶段DE为13.79MJ/kg),用不同比例的双低菜粕(30～60kg阶段:10%、12.5%;60～100kg阶段:15.5%、16%)等氮替代正对照组日粮中的豆粕,使日粮消化能值分别比正对照组降低418kJ/kg和627kJ/kg,从而形成负对照组1组(第2组)和负对照组2组(第4组),在2个负对照日粮中分别添加0.1%甜菜碱,形成第3组和第5组。体重达到100kg体重时每组随机选取4头猪(2公、2母)进行屠宰测定。试验结果表明,第2组、第4组与正对照组之间胴体背膘厚、瘦肉率没有显著差异(P>0.05),而第3组、第5组与第1组相比显著降低了胴体背膘厚(P<0.05);与能值降低418kJ/kg的组相比,降低背膘厚这种效果在能值降低627kJ/kg的组中更加明显。说明甜菜碱可以作为能量调节剂来改善双低菜粕型低能值日粮的应用效果。 相似文献
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《养猪》2017,(5)
试验研究了不同生长阶段添加甜菜碱对金华猪生长性能及胴体肉品质的影响。结果表明,金华猪饲粮中添加甜菜碱1 250 mg/kg对生长期金华猪日增重、料重比没有影响;但可提高肥育期金华猪日增重12.42%~18.31%,料重比下降7.59%~10.76%;全期提高金华猪日增重6.26%~9.54%,料重比影响不大,差异均不显著(P0.05)。甜菜碱可提高金华猪胴体瘦肉率2.79%~3.15%(P0.05),降低3点平均背膘厚11.49%~13.35%(P0.05),对肉质没有影响。全程添加甜菜碱对提高金华猪瘦肉率、降低3点平均背膘厚的效果优于肥育期添加组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。试验结果表明,综合考虑,在肥育阶段金华猪饲粮中添加甜菜碱1 250 mg/kg即可达到改善胴体品质较为理想的水平。 相似文献
9.
为研究马铃薯淀粉对育肥猪胴体特征的影响,本研究选用300头体重为55.10±2.55 kg的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪为研究对象,随机分成5组,对照组、A组、B组、C组、D组;每组60头,分3个平行,每个平行20头;对照组育肥猪饲喂不添加马铃薯淀粉的配方饲料;A组、B组、C组、D组分别在基础日粮中添加10 g/kg、20 g/kg、30 g/kg、40 g/kg的马铃薯淀粉;整个试验为期45 d;试验结束后对猪只进行屠宰,对其屠宰率、平均背膘厚、体直长、体斜长和眼肌面积进行测量;结果显示,C组和D组猪的屠宰率显著高于A组、B组和对照组（P<0.05）;C组和D组猪的平均背膘厚显著低于A组、B组和对照组（P<0.05）;D组的眼肌面积显著高于其他组别（P<0.05）;综上所述,40 g/kg马铃薯淀粉组育肥猪的胴体特征优于其他组别。 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加甜菜碱和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。选取81头平均体重为90.03 kg的育肥期“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础饲粮中添加2 500 mg/kg的甜菜碱,试验Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加2 500 mg/kg的甜菜碱和1 000 mg/kg的EGCG。预试期5 d,正试期40 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日采食量均显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的背膘厚和背最长肌24 h滴水损失均显著降低（P<0.05）,试验Ⅰ组的背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著升高（P<0.05）。3）各组之间背最长肌氨基酸含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的背最长肌二十二碳酸含量均显著降低（P<0.05）;各组之间背最长肌其他脂肪酸含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。4）与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组的背最长肌肌球蛋白重链Ⅱb(MyHCⅡb)的mRNA相对表达水平显著降低（P&... 相似文献
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Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
13.
桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。 相似文献
14.
The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims. 相似文献
15.
Siamudaala VM Bwalya JM Munang'andu HM Munag'andu HM Sinyangwe PG Banda F Mweene AS Takada A Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2006,54(1):15-23
Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region. 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
18.
Ismail Saidi Selemani Lars Olav Eik Øystein Holand Tormod Ådnøy Ephraim Mtengeti Daniel Mushi 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):173-183
The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production. 相似文献
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兰州地区苜蓿和红豆草根际溶磷菌筛选及菌株部分特性研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用溶磷圈法对苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷细菌进行了分离,共获得分离物386个,其中137个具有溶磷能力.苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷菌数量分布有差异.其数量为RS>RP>NRS>HP.对筛选获得的12株溶磷圈较大的菌株进行菌落形态特征观察发现,大多数菌落呈灰白色或乳白色、不规则、半透明、边缘不整齐、突起、无光泽、无色素.进一步利用钼蓝比色法对菌株分解磷矿粉能力测定显示,各菌株分解磷矿粉能力差异较大,溶磷量最大为338.4mg/ml,最小为25.9mg/ml,这与其自身溶磷机制有关.溶磷量与菌株培养液pH值之间存在显著相关性.12株菌株大部分具有分泌IAA的能力,其中LM6和LH9分泌IAA能力较强. 相似文献