共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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昆虫性信息素是由性成熟的个体产生和释放,能引诱或激起同种异性个体进行交尾的微量化学物质。由于昆虫性信息素具有微量、高效、灵敏度高、对天敌无害、对环境友好等特点,目前已广泛应用于虫情监测、干扰交配、害虫检疫及大量诱杀等方面。近年来,随着性信息素分析技术的改进,检测仪器的多样及灵敏度的提高,针对昆虫性信息素的研究不断拓展和深化。本文在广泛调研国内外大量文献的基础上,综述了昆虫性信息素的生物学研究概况、性信息素的结构特点、提取方法、鉴定方法、化学合成以及其在调控害虫行为方面的应用等领域的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望,旨在为昆虫性信息素的研发与应用提供技术参考和理论依据。 相似文献
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本文在风洞中模拟形成高浓度性信息素Z7-12:Ac、Z9-14:Ac和 Z11-16:Ac 环境,研究草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)的求偶和交配行为,为进一步开发交配干扰技术提供技术参数和依据。研究结果表明,在高剂量性信息素环境下,草地贪夜蛾雄蛾的暗期活动时间延后,而雌蛾的活动节律则没有变化,雌雄蛾之间产生了活动节律的时间差。同时,雌雄交配率和交配持续时间显著下降,交配日龄则显著延迟2 d。由于交配日龄延迟,产卵量及其孵化率也相应降低。性信息素喷射时间间隔对草地贪夜蛾性信息素释放滴度有显著影响,当间隔时间为5、10、20 min时,雌蛾释放的性信息素滴度显著下降,以5 min为最低。因此,高剂量性信息素环境不仅影响雄蛾对性信息素的定向,对雌雄蛾间化学通讯和交配也有显著影响。 相似文献
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茶尺蠖性信息素的田间使用技术及防治效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua性信息素的田间使用技术,在田间设置茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器的5、10和20 m挂放密度处理区及其对照区,并对不同处理区和对照区中诱捕器诱集的茶尺蠖成虫和幼虫数量以及同一挂放密度下距性信息素诱捕器不同距离的茶尺蠖幼虫数量进行调查,确定性信息素诱捕器的最佳挂放间距;在此基础上确定性信息素诱捕器对茶尺蠖的田间防治效果,并利用性信息素诱捕器对茶尺蠖成虫的田间动态进行监测。结果表明:在任何一个挂放密度下,处理区诱捕器诱集的茶尺蠖成虫数量均显著高于对照区诱捕器,但在不同挂放密度的小区之间单个诱捕器诱集的成虫数量差异不显著;当茶尺蠖幼虫重度发生(1 361.57头/m~2)时,10 m间隔挂放1套性信息素诱捕器可显著降低茶尺蠖幼虫的发生数量;当茶尺蠖幼虫轻度发生(38.40头/m~2)时,间距为20 m挂放一套性信息素诱捕器时,茶尺蠖的校正防治效果可达88.44%;茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器在6月上旬、8月上旬、8月下旬至9月初、9月下旬分别有一个明显的诱捕高峰期,与田间茶尺蠖的发生高峰期基本一致。表明茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器可作为大量诱捕和虫情监测的手段在茶园中应用。 相似文献
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Weed populations and pathogens 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Plant:pathogen systems are complex, highly spatial and fluctuate considerably. The dynamics of their individual populations depends on factors such as their patchiness, shapes and scales of dispersal distributions, genetic polymorphism and their responses to their biotic and abiotic environments. We review knowledge of these population properties in the context of weed management and biological control and discuss their likely influence on the population dynamics of pathogens. 相似文献
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寄生蜂毒液蛋白的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
寄生蜂毒液蛋白具有抑制寄主血细胞免疫、调控寄主生长发育、抑制寄主生殖系统发育、调节寄主内分泌等功能,但一直以来对其组成成分知之甚少.近年来,不仅研究了寄生蜂毒液蛋白的生化特性,而且通过分离纯化、酶活测定、基因克隆等方法明确了寄生蜂毒液的部分蛋白组分.根据这些毒液蛋白性质和功能,可将其分为麻痹毒素、抗菌活性物质、酶类、酶的抑制剂等,它们在害虫生防、药理学和生理学研究中有着广阔的应用前景.该文作者就国内外对寄生蜂毒液蛋白组成成分的研究进展进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了简要探讨. 相似文献
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土地利用变化与经济发展关系的理论探讨——以陕北黄土高原为例 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
目前国际土地利用/覆被变化的研究趋势是强调土地利用变化的综合性研究和土地利用变化与人类活动的协同演进研究。文章统地分析了土地利用变化与产业经济发展之间关系的研究现状、土地利用变化与产业经济发展之间相互作用的理论机制,并以陕北黄土高原为例做了实证分析。可以看出随着社会经济的发展,土地利用目标、利用方式和开发水平的变化以及各产业部门间对土地利用的特殊要求和比较经济效益的差异,导致土地资源在不同产业部门间流转和重分配,从而引起土地利用变化,反之,土地利用变化又会影响区域经济发展水平、经济产业结构、产业布局的演进和变化,二者是一种协同、互动的演进关系。在陕北产业经济类型的转变过程中,土地利用变化的主导机制也由国家计划调配主导型转变为土地利用的经济效益竞争机制主导型、经济效益最优机制及各种政策主导型、经济效益和生态效益最优机制主导型,土地利用变化表现出显著的阶段性特征。 相似文献
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西北地区骆驼蓬属根系的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
骆驼蓬属是荒漠、半荒漠地区的优势植物之一,具有药用价值。根系研究表明,该属为根蘖型植物,生长期垂直根发达,分蘖期水平根发达。根系分布与生境有密切关系。 相似文献
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Strigolactones are a class of natural and synthetic compounds that in the past decade have been exciting the scientific community not only for their intriguing biological properties but also for their potential applications in agriculture. These applications range from their use as hormones to modify and/or manage plant architecture, to their use as stimulants to induce seed germination of parasitic weeds and thus control their infestation by a reduced seed bank, to their use as ‘biostimulants’ of plant root colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, improving plant nutritional capabilities, to other still unknown effects on microbial soil communities. More recently, these compounds have also been attracting the interest of agrochemical companies. In spite of their biological attractiveness, practical applications are still greatly hampered by the low product yields obtainable by plant root exudates, by the costs of their synthesis, by the lack of knowledge of their off‐target effects and by the not yet specified or properly identified legislation that could regulate the use of these compounds, depending on the agricultural purposes. The aim of this article is to discuss, in the light of current knowledge, the different scenarios that might play out in the near future with regard to the practical application of strigolactones. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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A taxonomic study of the host ranges of tymoviruses 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Published data on the susceptibility of plant species to 18 tymoviruses were collated. These data showed that tymoviruses infected more species from the family of their natural field host than species from other families. The data also indicated that tymoviruses infected a greater proportion of species from the same primary division of the dicotyledons (crassinucellate or tenuinucelate) as their natural host than other species, but the correlation was not statistically significant.
The susceptibility of 18 crassinucellate and 18 tenuinucellate test plant species to 10 tymoviruses was determined. The viruses infected about three times more plant species from the primary taxonomic division that contained the family of their field host than species from the other division; this difference was statistically significant.
The separation of tymoviruses into two groups based on the taxonomic division containing their natural hosts and most of their experimental hosts correlates broadly with a classification of the tymoviruses based on the serological relationships of their particle coat proteins. 相似文献
The susceptibility of 18 crassinucellate and 18 tenuinucellate test plant species to 10 tymoviruses was determined. The viruses infected about three times more plant species from the primary taxonomic division that contained the family of their field host than species from the other division; this difference was statistically significant.
The separation of tymoviruses into two groups based on the taxonomic division containing their natural hosts and most of their experimental hosts correlates broadly with a classification of the tymoviruses based on the serological relationships of their particle coat proteins. 相似文献
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逆转座子是植物基因组的重要成分, 对基因组的大小、结构、功能和进化都有重要影响。研究表明多种生物和非生物逆境胁迫可以激活植物逆转座子的转录, 但其调控机制和功能还属未知。本研究从稻瘟菌侵染后云南地方水稻品种月亮谷的基因转录谱中筛选出3个逆转座子相关基因, 通过RT PCR分析了逆境胁迫处理对其表达水平的影响。结果表明, 稻瘟病菌、水杨酸、2, 4 D和NaCl处理水稻苗都能诱导这3个基因的快速转录, 表明这3个基因能够同时响应生物逆境和非生物逆境, 是研究该类逆转座子表达调控的良好候选基因。通过生物信息学分析还发现, 它们在月亮谷基因组中没有发生大的结构变异;且在水稻基因组中都具有与植物抗病相关的旁系同源物, 意味着其表达后可能对抗性产生影响, 因此, 这些基因在逆境和非生物逆境中的表达模式和功能值得关注。 相似文献
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抑咽侧体素 (ASTs) 是一类由昆虫脑神经细胞分泌,通过作用于咽侧体进而抑制保幼激素 (JH) 合成与释放的昆虫神经肽。因其具有调控昆虫生长、发育和生殖等生理过程的功能,被认为是一类潜在的害虫控制剂。本文在简介了昆虫神经肽在害虫防治中的应用基础上,综述了昆虫神经肽抑咽侧体素的发现、类别和功能,并结合本研究组的工作,重点介绍抑咽侧体素及其类似物的结构修饰和优化、活性构象及构效关系研究,同时也介绍了抑咽侧体素及其类似物的受体和作用机制研究进展。最后,展望了该领域的未来发展趋势,期望为新的生态友好型农药的研发提供一定的参考作用。 相似文献
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