共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 158 毫秒
1.
荞麦种子蛋白质亚基研究的现状及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了国内外对栽培及野生荞麦蛋白质亚基的研究现状,包括荞麦种子蛋白质亚基的分析方法、遗传多态性、以及在作物遗传育种、品种鉴定、系统进化等方面的应用,并对今后荞麦种子蛋白质亚基的研究作了展望。 相似文献
2.
作物抗旱剂的应用研究进展 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
作物生产很大程度上依赖于人类防旱抗旱手段的提高。利用作物抗旱剂,通过化学调控的方法,调节和控制作物的生长发育和生理生化过程,增强作物在水分胁迫逆境下的适应能力,提高植株耐旱性,为作物抗旱增产开辟了新的途径,具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,作物抗旱剂应用在小麦、水稻、玉米、烟草、棉花、马铃薯及蔬菜等农作物上均取得了较好的抗旱增产效果,根据相关文献资料,综述了作物的抗旱性、抗旱剂及其在提高农作物抗旱性上的应用效果与生理基础,并阐述了作物抗旱剂应用中的问题及前景展望。 相似文献
3.
作物类型遥感识别研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
及时获取作物种植面积是研究粮食区域平衡,预测农业综合生产力和人口承载力的基础。遥感技术已经成为提取作物种植面积的重要手段,而前提是识别作物。为了理清当前该领域的国内外研究现状,以遥感在作物类型识别中的应用为主线,归纳了国内外作物类型识别研究中常用的各类遥感数据,如资源遥感影像、气象遥感影像、高分辨率影像、高光谱影像和微波影像等,分析其优缺点和适用性;同时总结了利用遥感进行作物类型识别的3 类研究方法,包括基于光谱的识别方法、基于物候差异的识别方法以及光谱与物候相结合的方法,分析了各种方法的特点;指出目前作物类型遥感识别中存在的主要问题,如影像空间精度与价格的平衡问题,多分辨率遥感数据的综合应用问题,物候差异对作物识别的影响问题等;认为不同分辨率遥感数据的结合可以弥补各自不足,遥感影像的时相选择是提高精度的关键,另外需要应用除光谱和物候以外的更多解译标志;建议进一步深入研究作物识别机理和多尺度数据融合方法。以期为遥感技术在作物类型识别中的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
4.
5.
中国作物学会将召开第一届全国青年作物栽培、作物生理学术年会。初步议定于年底在北京召开。征文的范围有:1.作物高产优质高效的生理基础与技术;2.作物抗逆稳产的生理基础与技术;3.高新技术在作物栽培、作物生理研究中的应 相似文献
6.
概述了作物模型的发展历史和现状,并着重介绍了作物模型的新发展一基于QTL的作物生长模型。作者介绍了基于QTL的作物生长模型的原理,应用前提与基本步骤,并以一个光温发育模型准确预测大麦重组自交系的开花期为例,介绍基于QTL的作物生长模型在从基因型到预测表型中的应用和发展。结合这些研究进展,总结了基于QTL的作物模型对提高分子辅助育种效率和进行分子育种设计的帮助:模型可以去除环境误差,提高遗传分析精度;模型可以把复杂的产量性状分解为不同的生理组成部分,进而分析每一个生理组分的遗传变异,并利用模型来优化组合各生理过程,设计出最佳植株;作物生长模型可以预测复杂环境因子变化与植株性状之间的反馈调控与协变趋势,预测" QTL一环境互作”。最后作者结合基因组技术的发展,展望了结合全基因组连锁分析的“基于基因的作物模型”的发展前景。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0 (Se0)、5 (Se5)和20 g hm–2 (Se20) 3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ... 相似文献
11.
干旱是影响作物生长发育和产量的最主要非生物胁迫之一,在气候变化背景下,作物遭受干旱胁迫的风险越来越大。为了应对干旱,作物表现出一系列的抵御机制,包括形态特征和生理生化（抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质、内源激素）特性改变。本研究从上述2个方面总结了作物对干旱胁迫的响应机制,并对提高作物抗旱能力的调控措施进行了论述,主要包括：（1）筛选抗旱性品种,促进对深层土壤贮水的吸收利用;（2）地面覆盖,有利于降低土壤蒸发,增加土壤含水量;（3）节水灌溉技术,如微喷灌、滴灌等灌溉方式能实现少量多次灌溉,根区局部灌溉有利于调节气孔关闭,减少奢侈蒸腾,降低土壤蒸发;（4）抗蒸腾剂,在作物枝干及叶面表层形成超薄透光的保护膜,抑制作物水分过度蒸腾;（5）植物生长调节剂,调控植物生理代谢,增强抗旱性;（6）纳米肥料,改变作物生理生化反应,促进植株生长发育;（7）生物炭,有利于土壤通气保水,改善土壤的物理性质和土壤的持水能力。本研究系统地对以上7种措施提高作物抗旱能力的作用机理、应用前景及存在问题进行了论述,以期为应对干旱胁迫提供理论依据和技术参考。 相似文献
12.
《European Journal of Agronomy》2000,12(2):93-102
Weed competition can cause substantial maize (Zea mays L.) yield reductions. Interseeding maize with cover crops or a combination of interrow cultivation and interseeded cover crops are possible alternative methods of weed control. This study was conducted to examine the potential of interrow cultivation plus cover crops to reduce weed density in maize without reducing the grain yield. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 at two sites in Québec to determine the effects of planting 12 cover crops with maize on weed control. Fall rye (Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover (Meliotus officinalis Lam), black medic (Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates, 10 and 20 days after maize emergence. Interrow cultivation was carried out weekly until forage seeding, with a final cultivation being conducted just prior to cover crop seeding. Cover crop planting date did not affect maize yields or the ability of interrow tillage plus cover crops to suppress the development of weed populations. Maize yield was less affected by the interseeded cover crops under conditions of adequate rainfall. Corn planted in fields heavily infested with weeds resulted in substantial yield reductions even when rainfall was adequate. Except for 1993 at l'Assomption interrow tillage plus cover crop treatments had consistently lower weed biomass when compared to the weedy control. Most of the weed control was due to the interrow cultivation performed prior to seeding of the cover crops. The lowest weed density occurred in the herbicide treated plots. The ability of interrow tillage plus cover crops to suppress the development of weeds was affected by the level of weed infestation, the growing conditions and location. The cover crops provide additional weed control but the interrrow tillage or some herbicide application may still be necessary. 相似文献
13.
醚苯磺隆在小麦田的除草效果及其残留对后茬作物的安全性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
小麦返青期,在河北省小麦-夏播作物一年两熟地区冬小麦田施用醚苯磺隆,对其除草效果及其在土壤中的残留在不同耕作方式下对后茬作物生长和产量的影响进行了研究。结果表明:10%醚苯磺隆可湿性粉剂对小麦田主要阔叶杂草有较好的防除效果,对小麦产量无影响。10%醚苯磺隆在小麦田的施药剂量为60 g/hm2,对下茬作物玉米、谷子幼苗的生长及产量无影响,对大豆、花生、油菜的药害轻;随用药剂量增加药害加重,480 g/hm2处理对下茬参试作物均有较重的药害,不同作物对醚苯磺隆在土壤中残留量的敏感性有差异,其顺序为:油菜>大豆>花生>谷子>玉米。播种前进行旋耕比免耕对后茬参试作物幼苗生长及大豆和油菜产量影响要轻。 相似文献
14.
覆盖作物及其作用的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在农作物种植系统中,田间杂草、土壤因素对作物的生长发育、产量和品质的影响一直都是农业领域关注的热点。大量使用化肥和除草剂可以达到作物增产、除草的目的,但其对土壤和环境造成的负面影响,严重制约了农业生产的可持续发展。种植覆盖作物是一种实现农业可持续发展的新策略,可以达到控制杂草、减少氮肥施用、改善土壤质量等目的。本文主要从覆盖作物的起源与发展过程、主要种类和作用及其种植制度等方面,总结了目前覆盖作物的研究进展及其在作物种植中的应用,以期为覆盖作物在我国农业生产中的研究与应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
15.
Exogenous Glycinebetaine Enhances Grain Yield of Maize, Sorghum and Wheat Grown Under Two Supplementary Watering Regimes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
P. C. Agboma M. G. K. Jones P. Peltonen-Sainio H. Rita E. Pehu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,178(1):29-37
Drought occurring at critical growth and developmental stages in cereals affects productivity by reducing biomass accumulation, grain set, and grain yield and quality. Maize (cv. SR-73), sorghum (cv. Trump), and wheat (cv. Spear) were established in drought-prone field conditions in Perth, Western Australia, in l994. The plants were then subjected to optimal and suboptimal supplementary watering regimes at growth stages that were sensitive to water availability. Glycinebetaine in aqueous solution was applied to leaves at three rates (2, 4 and 6 kg ha?1 and a control) to establish whether its application could ameliorate the effects of drought on the yield of the crops. Above-ground biomass production was measured at the beginning and at termination of the watering regimes. Leaf tissue glycinebetaine concentrations were determined 1 and 3 weeks after application. At physiological maturity, grains from the crops were harvested and grain yield, number of grains m?2 and single grain weight were recorded. Drought significantly reduced above-ground biomass production in maize (P = 0.047), but not in sorghum and wheat. Grain yield of maize, number of grains m?2 of maize and sorghum, and single grain weight of sorghum were significantly depressed by drought. Foliar application of aqueous glycinebetaine marginally enhanced biomass production in the three crops and significantly increased grain yield of maize (P = 0.001) and sorghum (P = 0.003). It also resulted in more grains m?2 of maize, sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), with interactions between water and glycinebetaine treatments for sorghum and wheat (P = 0.001 and 0.001. respectively). Residual tissue glycinebetaine levels remained high 3 weeks after application to the crops. The positive effects of glycinebetaine treatment appear to be linked to its physiological role as a plant osmoticum that improves drought tolerance. The results of these studies suggest that foliar application of glycinebetaine may be used to improve drought tolerance and economic yield of maize and sorghum, but not of wheat. Increased grain yield was associated with more grains m?2 rather than greater single grain weight. 相似文献
16.
《European Journal of Agronomy》2007,26(1):21-29
To gain information about the possible use of legume cover crops as an alternative and sustainable weed-control strategy for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was conducted at two sites in the Swiss Midlands in 2001/2002. Under organic farming conditions winter wheat was direct-drilled into living mulches established with four different legume genotypes or into control plots without cover crops. Compared to NAT (control plots without cover crops but with a naturally establishing weed community), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) reduced the density of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, spring-germinating, and annual weeds by the time of wheat anthesis. Strong-spined medick (Medicago truncatula Gaertner) was less efficient in this regard. While the grain yield was reduced by 60% or more for all legumes when compared to NOWEED (control plots kept weed-free), a significant negative correlation between the dry matter of the cover crop and weeds as well as between the cover crop and the winter wheat was observed by the time of wheat anthesis. The effect of manuring (60 m3 ha−1 liquid farmyard manure) was marginal for weeds and cover crops but the additional nutrients significantly increased total winter wheat dry matter and grain yields. The suppression achieved by some legumes clearly demonstrates their potential for the control of weeds in such cropping systems. However, before living legume cover crops can be considered a viable alternative for integrated weed management under organic farming conditions, management strategies need to be identified which maximise the positive effect in terms of weed control at the same time as they minimise the negative impact on growth and yield of winter wheat. 相似文献
17.
主要粮食作物生产体系中锌肥的合理利用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在农业生产中作物锌缺乏十分普遍,并在一定程度上影响了作物产量和品质的进一步提高,而锌肥的施用存在方法不规范、用量不合理等问题。通过对主要粮食作物小麦、玉米、水稻生产中锌肥的施用方式、施用量等研究进展进行归纳总结,并对其优缺点进行评述,以期对中国小麦、玉米和水稻生产中锌肥的合理施用有科学的指导作用。锌肥施用的方式包括种子处理、土壤施用和叶面喷施,种子处理又包括种子包衣、浸种等,土壤施用包括撒施和条施等。这些措施各有其优缺点,应根据生产的需要、环境条件和作物特性等来选择合适的施用量和施用方式。 相似文献
18.
19.
五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯混剂防除直播稻田杂草及对后茬作物的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
6%五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯油悬浮剂是陶氏益农公司开发的直播田新型除草剂。为明确该药剂对直播水稻田杂草的防除效果、对水稻的安全性及对后茬作物的影响,进行田间小区试验。结果表明:6%五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯油悬浮剂对水稻田禾本科杂草、部分阔叶杂草及莎草防效优良,对直播水稻安全,增产效果明显;6%五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯油悬浮剂对水稻田后茬作物小麦、油菜、萝卜的安全性好。因此,6%五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯油悬浮剂在水稻直播稻区有很好的推广应用前景。 相似文献