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影响牲畜生产运作的因素有很多,其中就包含蚊蝇这方面部分.蚊蝇从表面上来讲,对牲畜并没有产生什么较大的伤害,但实际上,蚊蝇会对牲畜的生产性能、疾病感染以及危害身体健康等多方面造成影响,对大型牲畜养殖场的发展显得尤为不利.本文旨在向人们介绍蚊蝇对牛场所带来的危害,以及对如何解决牛场蚊蝇问题提出具体的措施,从而促进牛场保持健康发展. 相似文献
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奶牛布病和结核病都是危害严重的人畜共患病,会给养牛业带来严重的经济损失,因此,这两种病的防控对养殖业的发展至关重要。定期对奶牛场进行疫病监测能够防止疫情传播扩散,并达到净化奶牛场的目的。本文分析了奶牛结核病和布病的危害,介绍了奶牛布病和结核病的监测技术要点,并提出了几点防治措施。 相似文献
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在养猪生产中老鼠、蚊蝇对猪场的危害比较普遍,老鼠通常会破坏设施、偷盗饲料,蚊蝇严重干扰猪场猪只的正常休息,影响猪群生长发育,使生猪生产性能下降。老鼠与蚊蝇是养猪场传播疾病的重要媒介,因此老鼠与蚊蝇防控应作为规模化猪场防疫卫生体系的重要环节。如何有效控制或减少老鼠与蚊蝇的危害是众多养殖场面临的问题,笔者结合生产实际谈谈老鼠、蚊蝇的防制措施,希望能对广大养猪同仁有所帮助。 相似文献
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夏季猪场蚊蝇开始大量繁殖,严重影响了生猪的正常生长,还加速了疫病的传播,阻碍了猪场的健康发展,威胁了人类的身体健康。简单介绍了蚊蝇的危害和控制措施。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2016,(8)
热应激是影响我国南方地区奶牛生产的普遍性问题,本文阐述了奶牛的散热方式,热应激的概念和危害,发生热应激的条件,温湿指数,热应激程度划分,防控热应激的措施等,其中将通风和喷淋相结合防控奶牛热应激效果显著,是有效防控奶牛热应激的主要措施之一。 相似文献
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Vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) cause a condition known as vesicular stomatitis (VS), which results in painful lesions in equines, cattle, swine, and camelids, and when transmitted to humans, can cause flu-like symptoms. When animal premises are affected by VS, they are subject to a quarantine. The equine industry more broadly may incur economic losses due to interruptions of animal trade and transportation to shows, competitions, and other events. Equine owners, barn managers, and veterinarians can take proactive measures to reduce the risk of equines contracting VS. To identify appropriate risk management strategies, it helps to understand which biting insects are capable of transmitting the virus to animals, and to identify these insect vectors’ preferred habitats and behaviors. We make this area of science more accessible to equine owners, barn managers, and veterinarians, by (1) translating the most relevant scientific information about biting insect vectors of VSV and (2) identifying practical management strategies that might reduce the risk of equines contracting VSV from infectious biting insects or from other equines already infected with VSV. We address transmission risk at four different spatial scales—the animal, the barn/shelter, the barnyard/premises, and the surrounding environment/neighborhood—noting that a multiscale and spatially collaborative strategy may be needed to reduce the risk of VS. 相似文献
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Holdsworth PA Vercruysse J Rehbein S Peter RJ De Bruin C Letonja T Green P;World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,136(1):3-13
These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the planning, conduct and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of ectoparasiticides (excluding repellents) against the biting and nuisance dipteran flies of ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination and dose confirmation studies, field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines advocate the use of pen facilities for dose determination and dose confirmation studies. These guidelines also are intended to assist investigators on how to conduct specific studies, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision-making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the worldwide adoption of standard procedures. 相似文献
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不同剂量的伊维菌素注射剂和浇泼剂对天祝牦牛牛皮蝇防制效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对天祝县感染了牛皮蝇的牦牛的药物实验,确定了伊维菌素注射剂与浇泼剂在防治该病时的最低剂量。将280头牦牛随机分成7组,1~3组分别在颈部皮下注射0.1%伊维菌素注射液1μg/kg,5μg/kg和10μg/kg,4~6组分别沿背中线浇泼0.5%伊维菌素浇泼剂25μg/kg、50μg/kg和250μg/kg,将第7组设为空白对照。对前6组在11月份统一治疗。在第2年的3月份和5月份检查试验牦牛的背部瘤包,在治疗组牛的背部未发现瘤包,但在对照组牛的背部发现了三期幼虫。结果表明：1μg/kg伊维菌素注射剂和25μg/kg的浇泼剂对自然感染的牛皮蝇幼虫有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the role of free-living animals such as spar- rows, rodents and flies as potential reservoirs of Campylobacter spp on a dairy farm, and to assess the genetic diversity among Campylobacter isolates from the farm and an urban source. METHODS: A total of 290 samples (bovine, passerine and ro- dent faeces, and whole flies) were collected from a large com- mercial dairy farm in the Manawatu district in New Zealand, and from faeces from urban sparrows in a nearby city. Other samples collected from the dairy farm included five from silage, two from aprons worn by workers during milking, two from workers' boots and two from water in troughs in a paddock. Isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter spp were identified mor- phologically and phenotypically and further characterised mo- lecularly using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the restriction enzyme SmaI. RESULTS: Campylobacter jejuni was the only Campylobacter species isolated from all samples. The highest prevalence was found in faeces from dairy cows (54%), followed by faeces from sparrows from the urban area (40%) and the farm (38%), and from rodents (11%) and whole flies (9%). Other samples from the farm environment such as silage, trough water, and work- ers' aprons and boots were also positive for C. jejuni. Of the 22 restriction patterns obtained, seven were common to more than one source. CONCLUSIONS: Cattle, sparrows, rodents and flies are po- tential reservoirs of C. jejuni on dairy farms. Identical clones of C. jejuni carried by cattle, sparrows, flies and rodents prob- ably indicate a common source of infection. The high level of asymptomatic carriage of C. jejuni by healthy dairy cows could be sufficient to maintain infections within the dairy farm sur- roundings via environmental contamination. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the toxicity from residues of controlled-release formulations of ivermectin and albendazole to insects that feed on sheep faeces. ANIMALS: In two consecutive years, groups of sheep were treated with controlled-release capsules of ivermectin or albendazole. Untreated sheep were used as controls. PROCEDURES: Larvae of the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, and adults and larvae of the dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus and Euoniticellus fulvus were fed on faeces collected at intervals after drug treatment. In assays using beetles, treatment effects were assessed by comparing numbers of eggs laid, survival of juveniles and survival of mature and immature adults. Survival at time of pupariation was used in assays on flies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Faeces from sheep treated with albendazole had no detectable effects on breeding by either flies or beetles. In contrast, faeces voided by sheep treated with controlled-release capsules of ivermectin (CRI) precluded successful breeding by each of the species tested. No fly larvae and almost no beetle larvae survived in faeces collected up to 39 days after capsule administration. Newly-emerged O taurus also suffered significant mortality whereas those that survived underwent delayed sexual maturation. Ivermectin residues had no effect on the survival of sexually mature beetles, but reduced the fecundity of O taurus. A model simulating the effects of drug residues on dung beetle populations indicates that CRIs have the potential to cause substantial declines in beetle numbers, particularly if treatment coincides with spring emergence. 相似文献
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Objectives To compare the survival of larvae of a dung-breeding fly in the faeces of cattle treated either with an injectable formulation of abamectin, or with oral or injectable formulations of ivermectin.
Design Replicated bioassays were conducted on larvae of the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, using faeces collected before and at intervals after drug treatment.
Animals Two cows and their calves were allocated to each of three drug treatments and dosed according to individual weights.
Procedures Differences in the proportions of larvae pupariating were used as measures of the toxicity of drug residues.
Results Development of fly larvae was inhibited in all faeces collected 1 to 4 days after treatment. In cattle treated with oral ivermectin, there was reduced larval survival in faeces collected 8 and 16 days after treatment, but by day 32, survival was equivalent to that recorded in the faeces of untreated cattle. With injectable ivermectin, there was no survival at day 8, limited survival at day 16 and, at day 32, survival was not significantly affected. With injectable abamectin, survival was completely suppressed until day 32, at which time the number of pupariating larvae did not differ significantly from that recorded in faeces from untreated animals.
Conclusion The oral formulation of ivermectin is eliminated more rapidly than the injectable formulation and, as a consequence, is likely to be less harmful to dung-feeding insects. Abamectin and ivermectin appear to equally toxic larvae of M vetustissima. 相似文献
Design Replicated bioassays were conducted on larvae of the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, using faeces collected before and at intervals after drug treatment.
Animals Two cows and their calves were allocated to each of three drug treatments and dosed according to individual weights.
Procedures Differences in the proportions of larvae pupariating were used as measures of the toxicity of drug residues.
Results Development of fly larvae was inhibited in all faeces collected 1 to 4 days after treatment. In cattle treated with oral ivermectin, there was reduced larval survival in faeces collected 8 and 16 days after treatment, but by day 32, survival was equivalent to that recorded in the faeces of untreated cattle. With injectable ivermectin, there was no survival at day 8, limited survival at day 16 and, at day 32, survival was not significantly affected. With injectable abamectin, survival was completely suppressed until day 32, at which time the number of pupariating larvae did not differ significantly from that recorded in faeces from untreated animals.
Conclusion The oral formulation of ivermectin is eliminated more rapidly than the injectable formulation and, as a consequence, is likely to be less harmful to dung-feeding insects. Abamectin and ivermectin appear to equally toxic larvae of M vetustissima. 相似文献
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Objective To assess the toxicity to insects of drug residues excreted in cattle faeces following treatment with deltamethrin.
Design Bioassays were performed on one species of dung-breeding fly ( Musca vetustissima ) and two species of dung beetle ( Onthophagus binodis and Euoniticellus fulvus ).
Animals Cattle on properties near Kangaroo Valley, Canberra and Gundagai were treated with pour-on formulations of deltamethrin. Untreated animals acted as controls.
Procedures Faeces from treated and untreated cattle were inoculated with newly emerged fly larvae or fed to adults of two species of dung beetle. Percentage survival and duration of development provided measures of the toxicity of deltamethrin residues in faeces.
Results Residues of deltamethrin were excreted in concentrations sufficient to inhibit survival of larvae of M vetustissima for 1 to 2 weeks after treatment. Peak concentrations of 0.4mg deltamethrin/kg dry weight of faeces occurred 3 days after treatment and were sufficient to kill adult beetles for at least twice this period. With one of two formulations tested, there was evidence of a reduction in dung beetle fecundity and an increase in the duration of juvenile development. A model of the effect of deltamethrin on the breeding success of dung beetles in the field suggests that a single treatment, applied when most of the population is in a non-parous condition, may cause up to 75% reduction in beetle acitivity by the end of the season. Multiple treatments at 10 or 21 day intervals may drive local populations towards extinction.
Conclusion Depending on the time and frequency of treatment, the effect of deltamethrin on insects in cattle faeces may range from negligible to catastrophic. 相似文献
Design Bioassays were performed on one species of dung-breeding fly ( Musca vetustissima ) and two species of dung beetle ( Onthophagus binodis and Euoniticellus fulvus ).
Animals Cattle on properties near Kangaroo Valley, Canberra and Gundagai were treated with pour-on formulations of deltamethrin. Untreated animals acted as controls.
Procedures Faeces from treated and untreated cattle were inoculated with newly emerged fly larvae or fed to adults of two species of dung beetle. Percentage survival and duration of development provided measures of the toxicity of deltamethrin residues in faeces.
Results Residues of deltamethrin were excreted in concentrations sufficient to inhibit survival of larvae of M vetustissima for 1 to 2 weeks after treatment. Peak concentrations of 0.4mg deltamethrin/kg dry weight of faeces occurred 3 days after treatment and were sufficient to kill adult beetles for at least twice this period. With one of two formulations tested, there was evidence of a reduction in dung beetle fecundity and an increase in the duration of juvenile development. A model of the effect of deltamethrin on the breeding success of dung beetles in the field suggests that a single treatment, applied when most of the population is in a non-parous condition, may cause up to 75% reduction in beetle acitivity by the end of the season. Multiple treatments at 10 or 21 day intervals may drive local populations towards extinction.
Conclusion Depending on the time and frequency of treatment, the effect of deltamethrin on insects in cattle faeces may range from negligible to catastrophic. 相似文献