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1.
调节C/N及添加菌剂与木酢液对园林绿化废弃物堆肥效果的影响 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
为探究C/N、菌剂、木酢液3因子及菌剂与木酢液交互作用对堆肥腐熟效果的影响,寻求最佳堆肥效果的因子水平组合。本研究以园林绿化废弃物为主要原料,通过L9（34）正交设计以鸡粪为C/N调理剂,菌剂和木酢液为添加剂进行堆肥试验。分析比较了各处理堆肥过程中温度、总有机碳、全氮、C/N、pH值、EC值、堆体体积等指标的变化情况,并以种子发芽率试验测定堆肥效果。结果表明,调节C/N比和添加适量菌剂与木酢液均能促使堆肥初温上升,高温期提前并延长,堆肥积温提高,发酵周期缩短,总有机碳降解量和总氮相对含量增加。适当调节C/N和添加适量菌剂均有利于堆肥pH值升高,防止EC值过高,而添加木酢液能明显降低堆肥pH与EC值。C/N、菌剂、木酢液、菌剂与木酢液交互作用对堆肥发芽指数的影响均达极显著水平,且影响效果表现为C/N菌剂木酢液。因素效应的差异显著性检验结果表明,C/N为30效果最好,0.4%菌剂与稀释500倍木酢液的交互作用最大,稀释50倍的木酢液对堆肥微生物活性存在一定的抑制作用。可见,基于种子发芽指数的园林绿化废物堆肥适宜参数组合为C/N30+0.4%菌剂+稀释500倍木酢液。 相似文献
2.
混合改良剂改善园林废弃物堆肥基质品质提高育苗效果 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
为改善堆肥基质品质,促进园林废弃物资源化利用,针对堆肥产品高盐碱性质,以竹酢液、麦饭石2种物质为混合改良剂配施于园林废弃物堆肥基质中,以种子萌发、幼苗生长以及改良后基质pH值、电导率为评价指标,以期筛选出适宜园林废弃物堆肥基质的最优改良配比。结果表明,添加竹酢液、麦饭石混合改良剂的处理对降低基质pH值、电导率有显著作用,下降幅度分别为pH值:1.15~1.20、电导率:1839~2076μS/cm;施加改良剂可有效提高种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数;改良剂的施用促进幼苗根的生长发育,使植株叶片叶绿素含量升高,从而导致根质量、根长、株高的增高;将改良后基质之间各指标进行比较,基质施加稀释1 000倍竹酢液500 mL/kg+麦饭石40 g/kg复合配比的改良剂效果较好,研究结果将促进中国园林绿化废弃物用作基质栽培的资源化利用。 相似文献
3.
以烟草废弃物为主要原料,添加合适比例猪粪进行高温堆肥试验,研究了烟草废弃物堆肥体系中加入两种微生物菌剂（NNY、FB）后的温度、总氮（T-N）、NH4＋-N、C/N、种子发芽指数（GI）的动态变化及其对烟草废弃物堆肥产品品质的影响。结果表明,添加微生物菌剂缩短了烟草废弃物堆肥达到高温的时间,延长了高温分解持续时间,增加全氮含量,加快物料NH4＋-N和C/N比的降低速率,提高种子发芽指数（GI）,加快了烟草废弃物堆肥腐熟化进程。纯烟草废弃物单独堆肥,最高温度为43℃,GI最高为78.4%。添加微生物菌剂NNY、FB的堆肥处理都在堆肥2d后进入高温分解阶段（〉50℃）,高温持续时间分别为15、12d,较仅添加合适猪粪比例处理进入高温分解阶段时间提前2d,高温持续时间分别延长5、2d。至堆肥11d,添加微生物菌剂NNY和FB的堆肥处理种子发芽指数较纯烟草废弃物处理分别增加了185.5%和117.7%,较仅添加合适比例猪粪处理分别增加了41.4%和7.6%。添加NNY、FB微生物菌剂的处理可以显著增加烟草废弃物堆肥产品的N、P、K养分含量,降低堆肥容重,提高堆肥总孔隙度和持水孔隙度,改善了堆肥产品的品质。两种微生物菌剂对烟草废弃物高温腐熟效果较优。 相似文献
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5.
为了促进当地农业有机废弃物资源的循环利用,以牛粪、鸡粪、食用菌渣为堆肥原料并协调碳氮比为30∶1,添加不同的微生物菌剂进行堆肥,研究堆肥过程中的温度、pH值、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和发芽指数的变化趋势,比较不同菌剂处理在堆肥前后养分含量的差异。结果表明,枯草芽孢菌剂和EM菌剂处理堆肥初期升温快,发酵基和速腐剂处理堆肥初期升温相对缓慢;枯草芽孢菌剂处理高温阶段温度基本上维持在70℃上下,堆肥前后氮素损失率最大为33.18%,发芽指数最低,而EM菌剂处理的高温阶段温度维持在55~68℃,氮素损失率最小为10.73%,发芽指数在堆肥21 d为51.55%,达到了基本腐熟,堆肥35 d为84.27%,达到了完全腐熟,堆肥腐熟快于其他处理。因此,在利用牛粪等有机废弃物进行高温好氧堆肥过程中,需要选择具有多种微生物能够相互协调作用并适应高温堆肥的菌剂,并且菌剂用量适宜,以达到减少氮素损失,提高堆肥的效果。 相似文献
6.
为研究不同浓度硫酸对羊粪堆肥进程及氮素损失的影响,以羊粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥材料,分别配置浓度为1、2、3 mol/L的硫酸作为添加剂,采用条垛式堆肥进行50 d的试验,监测堆肥过程中的温度、pH值、EC值、种子发芽指数、C/N及氮损失率。结果表明:添加硫酸处理的堆体温度升到50℃以上需要的时间比未添加硫酸的CK处理缩短4～6 d,堆体的高温保持时间随加入硫酸浓度的升高而延长,EC值、种子发芽指数随硫酸浓度的升高而增大,硫酸浓度为2和3 mol/L处理的种子发芽指数分别为83.0%和84.2%,堆肥产品的全氮含量分别比CK处理提高16.32%和13.16%。硫酸浓度为2 mol/L时,总氮损失率最低为24.03%,保氮效果最好。羊粪条垛堆肥过程中,分别在第0、10、20 d添加浓度为2 mol/L的硫酸2 L/m3,不仅可以加快堆肥腐熟进程,而且可以提高堆肥产品的全氮含量,保氮效果显著。本研究为硫酸添加剂应用于畜禽粪污堆肥生产优质有机肥提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
园林废弃物不同处理方式的环境影响及其产物还田效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对城市园林废弃物数量日趋增多及资源化利用程度低的问题,该研究比较了园林废弃物在直接焚烧、好氧堆肥、热解碳化3种处理方式下的养分与碳素与氮磷钾损失、温室气体排放,以及相应产物还田对土壤物理化学性质的影响。结果表明,焚烧处理的有机碳损失率高达98.62%,分别比好氧堆肥、碳化处理高39.77%和41.64%;全氮损失率高达95.51%,显著高于好氧堆肥（22.72%）及碳化（36.65%）处理;3种处理全磷及全钾损失率的差异相对较小。焚烧处理的CO2排放量高达1271.62 g/kg,远高于好氧堆肥的210.71 g/kg,但两者CH4、N2O的排放量都相对很小。园林废弃物堆肥及碳化后还田均可促进土壤中小团聚体向大团聚体转化,提高土壤中毛管孔隙度和饱和导水率,并显著提高N、P、K含量;其中生物炭还田可显著提高土壤有机碳含量,好氧堆肥还田能降低土壤pH值。焚烧后的灰分还田除提高土壤P、K养分含量及大粒径团聚体外,其他效果不明显。综上所述,好氧堆肥和碳化是适用于城市园林废弃物处理的2种技术,研究结果可为城市园林废弃物资源优化处理利用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
为了促进农业废弃物资源的循环利用,以双孢蘑菇菌渣为研究对象,通过菌渣堆肥中添加发酵剂或鸡粪的处理,分析了堆肥过程中各个时期不同处理的温度、pH值、EC值、全氮、全磷和全钾的变化趋势,并用腐熟后的堆肥菌渣进行了水稻肥效试验。结果表明,双孢蘑菇菌渣堆制过程中加入发酵菌剂可快速提高堆体温度,与未加发酵菌剂的堆肥处理A相比,在堆肥中加入发酵菌剂后,堆肥中全氮、全钾和速效钾的含量增加量分别为处理A的3倍、1．43倍和2．67倍;菌渣堆肥结束后,处理A,处理B和处理C速效磷含量分别比发酵前增加了54．5％、38．5％和58．3％。菌渣肥水稻田间试验表明,双孢蘑菇菌渣有机肥能够促进水稻增产,菌渣堆肥增产效果优于不发酵菌渣,而加于菌剂处理的堆肥增产效果最佳,按400kg·667m-2。施肥,水稻空瘪粒数少,穗粒饱满,水稻单产553．37kg·667m-2,与当地常规施肥方式相比较增产20．55％,与不施肥处理相比较增产44．18％。 相似文献
9.
园林废弃物堆肥红外光谱特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2014,(5):1071-1076
以添加不同外源物质的园林废弃物为研究对象,采用近红外光谱分析方法跟踪测定不同堆肥阶段园林废弃物堆体中近红外光谱变化,结合堆体温度变化,探讨外源添加剂对堆肥物质结构转化影响。结果表明:单独添加腐殖酸处理(FZS)、复合添加EM菌剂和腐殖酸处理(EM+FZS)、复合添加京圃园菌剂和腐殖酸处理(JPY+FZS)以及无添加处理(CK)堆体物质转化机制相同,即随着堆肥进行,蛋白质,碳水化合物,脂肪类物质不断减少,物质芳构化程度提高,外源添加剂不影响堆肥物质转化顺序。不同外源添加剂处理红外光谱特征峰吸收频率位置基本一致,但特征峰吸收强度有所变化,说明不同外源添加剂堆肥物质中含有相似的官能团,但官能团数量与物质结构不同,外源添加剂对堆肥分解速率,分解程度以及堆肥产物芳化度均有影响。京圃园菌剂与腐殖酸复合施用(JPY+FZS)能够显著加速物质转化进程,提高堆肥产品芳化程度,更适宜应用于园林废弃物堆肥。 相似文献
10.
用猪粪等原料作堆肥底物,并分别添加质量分数为0%、5%、10%、20%的苹果渣以及1%的柠檬酸作添加剂,记作CK、AP1、AP2、AP3、N。采用自行设计的强制通风静态垛堆肥反应器,进行为期30 d的好氧混合堆肥。根据苹果渣与猪粪混合堆肥过程中各养分变化来研究苹果渣对堆肥效果的影响及其保氮效果,为猪粪有机肥的规模化生产提供理论支持,实现农业资源的可持续化。结果表明:各试验堆肥均达到无害化和腐熟化的要求;各处理全P和全K含量总体呈上升趋势,但添加20%的果渣处理不利于P含量的积累;苹果渣中的果酸可以降低堆肥的pH值,从而减少NH_4~+-N向氨气的转化,降低氮素损耗起到保氮效果;添加10%的苹果渣处理的全氮含量最高,保氮效果最好,添加5%的苹果渣处理对NH_4~+-N的积累最好;苹果渣作为猪粪好氧堆肥调理剂可以提高堆肥效果,实现农业资源的可持续化。 相似文献
11.
不同过磷酸钙添加量对蔬菜废弃物堆肥的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究了不同过磷酸钙添加量对蔬菜废弃物堆肥腐熟进程的影响。结果表明,添加过磷酸钙能够提高堆体温度,其中添加量为堆肥物料干重10.26%时的最高温度值最高,为64.33℃。堆肥结束时,添加过磷酸钙对各堆肥处理的C/N值无显著影响,但降低了堆肥物料的pH值,提高了电导率,其中添加量介于物料干重4.10%和10.26%时的EC值显著高于CK处理(P0.01);添加量低于物料干重10.26%时的GI值均显著高于CK处理(P0.01),其中添加量为物料干重2.05%(S5处理)时的值最大,为105.61%。添加过磷酸钙显著降低了堆肥的氮素损失率(P0.05),其中添加量为物料干重2.05%时的氮素损失率最低,仅为23.94%,且此添加量下的产投比最大,为3.93。本试验条件下,添加过磷酸钙可显著提高堆肥腐熟度,显著降低堆肥物料的氮素损失率,其适宜添加量为物料干重的2.05%。 相似文献
12.
不同调理剂对猪粪好氧堆肥效果的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
分别以木屑、药渣、菇渣、砻糠灰作为猪粪堆肥的调理剂,研究其在堆肥过程中温度、含水率、pH、EC和主要营养元素N、P、K的动态变化。结果表明,在整个堆制过程中,4个处理的堆温变化明显呈现出升温期、高温期和降温期3个阶段,其中,木屑处理堆体升温最快,且高温持续时间最长,砻糠灰处理高温持续时间最短;与初始值相比,堆肥后每个处理pH均有所上升,其中菇渣处理上升幅度最大,达0.9个单位;堆制过程中,4个处理有机质总体呈现下降的规律;堆肥后药渣处理的TN和TP含量最高;堆肥后砻糠灰处理的TK含量最高;堆肥后4个处理的pH和EC值都在腐熟堆肥的适宜范围之内,从N+P2O5+K2O总养分和保氮角度来看,应选药渣作调理剂,从提高堆肥TK含量来看,应选砻糠灰作调理剂。 相似文献
13.
Bioconversion of farm wastes with agro-industrial wastes into enriched compost is an important possibility in need of research. In this article, changes in chemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated to determine the maturity of composts prepared from mixture of farm and agro-industrial wastes over a period of 150 days. Seven different composts were prepared by using a mixture of different farm wastes with or without enrichment with rock phosphate (RP), agro-industrial wastes and the inoculation of microorganisms. As composting proceeded, the organic C, water-soluble C (WSC), bacterial and fungal counts decreased, whereas total N, P, electrical conductivity (EC) and actinomycetes count increased gradually. Our results suggest that WSC <1%, C:N ratio < 20, neutral pH and a decrease in bacteria and fungal counts, along with an increase in actinomycetes count and stability at the end of composting, may be accepted as an indicator of compost maturity. Changes in organic C, EC, total N and P concentrations over time also proved to be reliable indicators of the progress of the composting process for establishing stability and compost maturity. Addition of RP, agro-industrial wastes and inoculation of microorganisms showed potential in improving the N and P contents of the composts. 相似文献
14.
Abigail Oluremi Ojo Lateef Bamidele Taiwo James Alabi Adediran Adedayo Omowunmi Oyedele IbukunO. Fademi Azarel Caldbak Oladotun Uthman 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(14):1774-1786
Monitoring the physical, chemical and biological properties during accelerated composting enables concise determination of its stability and maturity. Determination of physical parameters such as pH, moisture and temperature, chemical parameters such as total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic matter and humic acid as well as biological parameters such as microbial count and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution was carried out during a four (4) week composting period, The trend observed for pH showed the mesophilic and thermophilic phases and a similar trend was observed for the compost temperature. Intermittent increase and decrease was observed for total N, P, K as well as for the fungal and bacterial population. A direct relationship was observed among the bacterial population, CO2 evolution and humic acid. However, composting for four (4) weeks produced a stable compost, which was evident through the physical observation of the final product and the results obtained for the chemical and biological parameters. 相似文献
15.
A. M. Ghoneim O. I. Elbassir A. S. Modahish M. O. Mahjoub 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(1):13-21
Olive production is increasing very fast in the last 20 years in Al-Jouf region, northern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There are now more than 5 million olive trees in the productive stage. A huge amount of waste is produced annually from this sector, including pruning waste of olive trees and solid waste from olive oil mills of three-phase system. The waste of olive used to produce compost could be of safe disposal technique. Disposal of such waste is expensive and it causes some environmental hazards. Rock phosphate (RP), which is available in the same region, can be used to improve the nutrient value of the produced compost. In this experiment olive pruning waste was composted alone and in a mixture with different RP in two different ratios, namely 5% and 10%, on the dry weight basis of olive waste. Compost processing took place on plies for 8 months. Temperature and moisture were monitored daily while periodical samples were taken from all piles for testing pH, EC, C/N, and germination index. Composts in all treatments reached the theomorphic phase, which killed weed seeds and pathogens. The produced compost from all treatments fulfilled the requirements of maturity according to the California Compost Quality Council after 8 months of composting. In addition, the RP enhanced composting efficiency and improved the quality of the produced compost. Compost parameters met the standard requirements for the compost that was suitable for agriculture purposes with average values of pH ranging from (7.02–7.65) and EC (2.20–3.94 dS m?1). Nutrient concentrations in the produced compost were N (1.28–1.79%), P (0.23–2.15%), and K (2.59–4.22%). 相似文献
16.
不同碳氮比下牛粪高温堆肥腐熟进程研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为有效处理奶牛场养殖粪污,建立以之为原料的牛粪有机肥高效堆肥工艺,本文通过工厂堆肥试验,以牛粪为主料,以蘑菇渣、稻壳为辅料,设置C/N=15、C/N=25、C/N=35三个处理,研究不同碳氮比原料高温堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH值、EC、C/N和养分等理化指标的变化。结果表明,C/N=25堆体达到的温度最高,达到最高温度所需时间最短且保持65℃以上时间最长。堆肥过程中各处理pH值变化基本一致,均是先升高后降低再升高最后趋于稳定,各处理EC都是先波动上升后在波动中逐渐下降并趋于稳定。各处理堆体在堆肥过程中,C/N也都呈现逐步减小的趋势,并最终保持稳定。至堆肥结束时,各处理C/N分别11.7、15.0和21.3。各处理铵态氮含量逐渐下降,硝态氮含量逐渐增加,至堆肥结束时,铵态氮的损失量分别为80.7%、36.6%和46.7%,硝态氮含量分别增加到0.61 g kg~(-1)、0.50 g kg~(-1)、0.41 g kg~(-1)。堆肥结束时,各处理胡敏酸类、富里酸类等物质成为DOM的主体部分,N1、N3处理发芽指数大于50%但小于85%,N2处理发芽指数大于85%。各处理堆肥全磷、全钾含量在堆肥结束时比堆肥初始均有所增加。因此,牛粪高温堆肥能有效处理奶牛场养殖废弃物,且C/N=25时堆肥效果最佳。 相似文献
17.
Manufactured soil for landscaping purposes was produced by composting for 6 weeks (1) municipal green waste alone, (2) green
waste amended with 25% v/v poultry manure, or (3) green waste immersed in, and then removed from, a mixture of liquid grease trap waste/septage. Composting
temperatures increased most rapidly and reached highest values (78oC) in the grease trap/septage-amended green waste. In comparison
with green waste alone, addition of poultry manure prolonged the period of elevated temperatures and increased the maximum
temperature attained from 52oC to 61oC. Following composting, each of the materials was split into (1) 100% compost, (2) 80%
compost plus 20% v/v soil, and (3) 70% compost plus 20% soil plus 10% coal fly ash. Addition of poultry manure or grease trap/septage to green
waste prior to composting increased bulk density and reduced total porosity of the composted product. Addition of soil, or
soil and ash, to composts increased bulk density, reduced total porosity, decreased percentage macropores, and increased percentage
mesopores and available water-holding capacity. Bicarbonate-extractable P, exchangeable NH4+ and NO3−, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble C, soluble C as a percentage of organic C, basal respiration, and metabolic quotient
were all markedly greater in the grease trap/septage-amended than poultry manure-amended or green waste alone treatments.
Values for extractable P and EC were considered large enough to be damaging to plant growth and germination index (GI) of
watercress was less than 60% for all grease trap/septage composts. Extractable P and EC were also high, and GI was <100%,
in the green waste alone and poultry manure-amended green waste alone treatments. Addition of soil or soil and ash to these
composts resulted in GI values >100%. 相似文献
18.
An industrial-scale composting plant has been designed for producing organic fertilizers from olive mill waste using the windrow pile system. Materials to be composted, two phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) and sheep litter (SL), were characterized and made into three piles consisting of different proportions of each. Throughout the composting process, temperature (T), moisture (M), organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (NT), germination index (GI), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored. The potential agronomic value of the final composts was ascertained by analyzing the bulk density, OM and Corg concentration, pH, EC, macro and micronutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B), the concentration of humic and fulvic acids and inorganic nitrogen (NH4+,NO2?,NO3?). Each compost was applied to an area of one hectare within a six year-old olive plantation. Four months after application, the soils showed an increased OM concentration and cationic exchange capacity (CEC). 相似文献