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1.
温室梨枣树土壤水分和品质对调亏灌溉的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为探明调亏灌溉对温室梨枣树水分利用效率及梨枣品质的影响,以日光温室生长的9年生矮化密植成龄梨枣树为试材,试验设置充分供水处理(处理1(CK)),萌芽展叶期重度亏水处理(处理2),萌芽展叶期中度亏水处理(处理3)和果实膨大期中度亏水处理(处理4)。结果表明,亏水处理有利于提高梨枣树的根系吸水能力,促进根系向土壤深处生长,同时显著降低棵间蒸发;与CK相比,处理2和处理3对梨枣品质的所有指标都起到了提高和改善的作用,其中处理2最佳,处理3次之;综合考虑不同生育期调亏灌溉对梨枣树各项指标的影响,萌芽展叶期中度亏水能较好的改善果实品质,是实施调亏灌溉的最佳阶段。  相似文献   

2.
In order to investigate the response of vegetative growth, fruit development and water use efficiency to regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages of pear-jujube tree (Zizyphus jujube Mill.), different water deficit at single-stage were treated on field grown 7-year old pear-jujube trees in 2005 and 2006. Treatments included severe (SD), moderate (MD) and low (LD) water deficit treatments at bud-burst to leafing (I), flowering to fruit set (II), fruit growth (III) and fruit maturation (IV) stages. Compared to the full irrigation (control), different water deficit treatments at different growth stages reduced photosynthesis rate (Pn) slightly and transpiration rate (Tr) significantly, thus it improved leaf water use efficiency (WUEL, defined as the ratio of Pn to Tr) by 2.7-26.1%. After the re-watering, Pn had significant compensatory effect, but Tr was not enhanced significantly, thus WUEL was improved by 31.4-42.2%. I-SD, I-MD, II-SD and II-MD decreased new shoot length, new shoot diameter and panicle length by 8-28%, 13-23% and 10-31%, respectively. Simultaneously, they reduced leaf area index (LAI) and pruning amount significantly. Flowering of pear-jujube tree advanced by 3-8 days in the water deficit treatments at stage I, Furthermore, SD and MD at stage I increased flowers per panicle and final fruit set by 18.9-40.5% and 15.5-36.6%, respectively. After a period of re-watering, different water deficit treatments at different growth stages improved the fruit growth rate by 15-30% without reduction of the final fruit volume. Compared to the control, I-MD, I-SD, I-LD, I-MD and I-SD treatments increased fruit yield by 13.2-31.9%, but reduced water consumption by 9.7-17.5%, therefore, they enhanced water use efficiency at yield level (WUEY, defined as ratio of fruit yield to total water use) by 17.3-41.4%. Therefore, suitable period and degree of water deficit can reduce irrigation water and restrain growth redundancy significantly, and it optimize the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pear-jujube trees, which maintained or slightly increased the fruit yield, thus water use efficiency was significantly increased.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of two different deficit irrigation (DI) strategies (regulated deficit irrigation, or RDI, and partial rootzone drying, PRD) on almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) fruit growth and quality. Five irrigation treatments, ranging from moderate to severe water restriction, were applied: (i) full irrigation (FI), irrigated to satisfy the maximum crop water requirements (ETc); (ii) regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), receiving 50% of ETc during the kernel-filling stage and at 100% ETc throughout the remaining periods; and three PRD treatments – PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30 – irrigated at 70%, 50% and 30% ETc, respectively, during the whole growth season. The DI treatments did not affect the overall fruit growth pattern compared to the FI treatment, but they had a negative impact on the final kernel dry weight for the most stressed treatments. The allocation of water to the different components of the fruit, characterized by the fresh weight ratio of kernel to fruit, appeared to be the process most clearly affected by DI. Attributes of the kernel chemical composition (lipid, protein, sugar and organic acid contents) were not negatively affected by the intensity of water deprivation. Overall, our results indicated that PRD did not present a clear advantage (or disadvantage) over RDI with regard to almond fruit growth and quality.  相似文献   

4.
‘Chok Anan’ mangoes are mainly produced in the northern part of Thailand for the domestic fresh market and small scale processing. It is appreciated for its light to bright yellow color and its sweet taste. Most of the fruit development of on-season mango fruits takes place during the dry season and farmers have to irrigate mango trees to ensure high yields and good quality. Meanwhile, climate changes and expanding land use in horticulture have increased the pressure on water resources. Therefore research aims on the development of crop specific and water-saving irrigation techniques without detrimentally affecting crop productivity.The aim of this study was to assess the response of mango trees to varying amounts of available water. Influence of irrigation, rainfall, fruit set, retention rate and alternate bearing were considered as the fruit yield varies considerably during the growing seasons. Yield response and fruit size distribution were measured and WUE was determined for partial rootzone drying (PRD), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and irrigated control trees.One hundred ninety-six mango trees were organized in a randomized block design consisting of four repetitive blocks, subdivided into eight fields. Four irrigation treatments have been evaluated with respect to mango yield and fruit quality: (a) control (CO = 100% of ETc), (b) (RDI = 50% of ETc), (c) (PRD = 50% of ETc, applied to alternating sides of the root system) and (d) no irrigation (NI).Over four years, the average yield in the different irrigation treatments was 83.35 kg/tree (CO), 80.16 kg/tree (RDI), 80.85 kg/tree (PRD) and 66.1 kg/tree (NI). Water use efficiency (WUE) calculated as yield per volume of irrigation water was always significantly higher in the deficit irrigation treatments as compared to the control. It turned out that in normal years the yields of the two deficit irrigation treatments (RDI and PRD) do not differ significantly, while in a dry year yield under PRD is higher than under RDI and in a year with early rainfall, RDI yields more than PRD. In all years PRD irrigated mangoes had a bigger average fruit size and a more favorable fruit size distribution.It was concluded that deficit irrigation strategies can save considerable amounts of water without affecting the yield to a large extend, possibly increasing the average fruit weight, apparently without negative long term effects.  相似文献   

5.
Deficit irrigation after harvest has been proven to be a more profitable strategy for producing loquats due to its effects on promoting earlier flowering and harvest date next season. To determine water savings which most advance flowering and harvest dates, an experiment was established to compare phenology, fruit quality and yield in ‘Algerie’ loquats over two consecutive seasons. In this experiment some trees were programmed to receive 50%, 25% or 0% of the water applied to controls (RDI50%, RDI25%, and RDI0%, respectively) from mid-June to the end of July (6 weeks). Fully irrigated trees acted as first controls while trees undergoing previously tested postharvest deficit irrigation (25% of water applied to controls; RDILong) from early June up to the end of August (13 weeks of RDI total) acted as second controls. All deficit irrigation treatments promoted earlier flowering when compared to fully irrigated trees; the greatest advancement in full bloom date (27 days) was achieved with severe short term RDI (RDI0% and RDI25%). The trees suffering an extended period of water stress advanced full bloom date but to a lesser extent (13 and 18 days; 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, respectively). Earlier bloom derived in an earlier harvest date without detrimental effects on fruit quality and productivity. In this regard, the most severe RDI (RDI0%) advanced mean harvest date the most (7 and 9 days, depending on the season), and increased the percentage of precocious yield to the highest extent. Productivity was not diminished by reduced irrigation in either season. Fruit size and grading was enhanced thanks to RDI in both seasons. Earliness and better fruit class distribution under RDI also improved fruit value and gross revenue enabling farmers both to increase earning and economize on water.  相似文献   

6.
不同生育阶段水分亏缺对河套蜜瓜产量和品质的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
开展蜜瓜起垄覆膜栽培条件下的田间沟灌试验,设置8个处理,充分灌溉作为参照处理,水分亏缺设置于蜜瓜的四叶期和开花期,亏缺程度为轻度、中度和重度,研究不同生育期水分亏缺和亏缺程度对蜜瓜产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:蜜瓜产量与灌水量之间呈较显著相关关系,不同生育期水分亏缺处理条件下,蜜瓜生长发育早期水分亏缺不利于蜜瓜后期的生长,后期灌水的补偿效应不明显,蜜瓜开花期轻度水分亏缺更有利蜜瓜产量和果实品质的提高。  相似文献   

7.
A four-year study was conducted on young Olea europaea L. trees to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation starting from the onset of fruit production. Subsurface drip irrigation was used to supply 100% (FI), 46–52% (DI), or 2–6% (SI) of tree water needs. Tree growth was reduced by deficit irrigation, whereas, return bloom was not. Per tree fruit yield of DI trees was 68% that of FI, but fruit yield efficiency based on tree size was similar between treatments. Fruit set and the number of fruits of FI trees were similar to those of DI trees and significantly higher than in SI trees. No significant differences in fruit fresh weight were found between FI and DI. The oil yield and oil yield efficiency of the DI treatment were 82 and 110% that of FI trees, respectively. A level of about 50% deficit proved sustainable to irrigate trees for oil production.  相似文献   

8.
To investigate the relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of different organs and water use efficiency (WUE) under different water deficit levels, severe, moderate and low water deficit levels were treated at bud burst to leafing, flowering to fruit set, fruit growth and fruit maturation stages of field grown pear-jujube tree, and leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (ΔL) at different growth stages and fruit stable carbon isotope discrimination (ΔF) at fruit maturation stage were measured. The results indicated that water deficit had significant effect on ΔL at different growth stages and ΔF at fruit maturation stage. As compared with full irrigation, the average ΔL at different growth stages and ΔF at fruit maturation stage were decreased by 1.23% and 2.67% for different water deficit levels, respectively. ΔL and ΔF among different water deficit treatments had significant difference at the same growth stage (P < 0.05). Under different water deficit conditions, significant relationships between the ΔL and WUEi (photosynthesis rate/transpiration rate, Pn/Tr), WUEn (photosynthesis rate/stomatal conductance of CO2, Pn/gs), WUEy (yield/crop water consumption, Y/ETc) and yield, or between the ΔF and WUEy and yield were found, respectively. There were significantly negative correlations of ΔL with WUEi, WUEn, WUEy and yield (P < 0.01) at the fruit maturation stage, or ΔL with WUEi and WUEn (P < 0.01) over whole growth stage, respectively. ΔF was negatively correlated with WUEy, WUEn and yield (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with ETc (P < 0.01) over the whole growth stage. Thus ΔL or ΔF can compare WUEn and WUEy, so the stable carbon isotope discrimination method can be applied to evaluate the water use efficiency of pear-jujube tree under the regulated deficit irrigation.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of mid-summer regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments were investigated on Clementina de Nules citrus trees over three seasons. Water restrictions applied from July, once the June physiological fruit drop had finished, until mid September were compared with a Control treatment irrigated during all the season to match full crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Two degrees of water restrictions were imposed based on previous results also obtained in Clementina de Nules trees ( [Ginestar and Castel, 1996] and [González-Altozano and Castel, 1999]). During the RDI period, deficit irrigation was applied based on given reductions over the ETc, but also taking into account threshold values of midday stem water potential (Ψs) of −1.3 to −1.5 MPa for RDI-1 and of −1.5 to −1.7 MPa for RDI-2. Results showed that water savings achieved in the RDI-2 treatment impaired yield by reducing fruit size. On the contrary, the RDI-1 strategy allowed for 20% water savings, with a reduction in tree growth but without any significant reduction in yield, fruit size nor in the economic return when irrigation was resumed to normal dose about three months before harvest. Water use efficiency (WUE) in the RDI trees was similar or even higher than in Control trees. RDI improved fruit quality increasing total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). In conclusion, we suggest that the RDI-1 strategy here evaluated can be applied in commercial orchards not only in case of water scarcity, but also as a tool to control vegetative growth improving fruit composition and reducing costs associated with the crop management.  相似文献   

10.
明确作物各生育期水分需求,并制定合理灌水制度是节水增产的重要途径。本文以华北地区日光温室番茄为研究对象,设置3种水面蒸发系数,分别在开花坐果期轻度(k_(0.7)k_(0.9))或中度(k_(0.5)k_(0.9))水分亏缺,成熟采摘期轻度(k_(0.9)k_(0.7))或中度(k_(0.9)k_(0.5))调亏控水,以充分灌水(k_(0.9)k_(0.9))为对照,对番茄生长发育及其产量和品质进行了分析。结果显示:k_(0.7)k_(0.9)和k_(0.5)k_(0.9)植株生长速率分别较k_(0.9)k_(0.7)和k_(0.9)k_(0.5)弱,开花坐果期水分亏缺会导致产量降低1.2%,WUE降低11.2%;对比各个处理,k_(0.9)k_(0.9)产量最高,为141.07t/hm~2,但WUE偏低,仅为47.99kg/m~3,与产量相差不大的k_(0.9)k_(0.7)相比,k_(0.9)k_(0.9)灌水量增加29mm,WUE却降低6.8%。品质方面,除果实硬度外,番茄在成熟采摘期亏水50%可显著提高果实营养品质。最后,提出适合华北地区温室滴灌番茄的经济耗水指标,即全生育期灌水量约为230mm时可达到节水高产和高效的统一。  相似文献   

11.
番茄果实不同发育阶段水分亏缺对其风味品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对番茄果实膨大期和成熟期各设充分供水、中度和重度亏水3个水平,进行盆栽试验,分析了膨大期和成熟期亏水水平及其交互作用对番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量及糖酸比的影响.结果表明:果实膨大期、成熟期亏水水平及其交互作用对番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量及糖酸比有显著影响(膨大期亏水对可溶性糖含量影响除外);成熟期中度亏水时,膨大期中度亏水较充分供水使可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量显著提高,增幅分别为57.8%和29.4%,糖酸比显著降低,降幅为46.6%;膨大期重度亏水时,成熟期重度亏水较充分供水使可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和糖酸比依次减小49.3%,33.9%和75.0%,而使可滴定酸含量增加129.7%;果实发育阶段持续重度亏水较充分供水使可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比分别减小16.5%,16.0%和36.5%.表明番茄果实膨大期和成熟期的水分供应均会对其风味品质产生显著影响,而且,各时期单独亏水的效应与其他时期的水分供应有密切关系;两时期适度亏水可显著改善番茄果实风味品质,膨大期到成熟期持续重度亏水反而不利于其风味品质的提高,只是获得了较高的酸度.  相似文献   

12.
不同生育期水分亏缺对春青稞水分利用和产量的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
对不同生育期水分亏缺程度对春青稞(Hordeum vulgare)水分利用效率和产量的影响进行了桶栽试验研究。试验处理设充分灌溉处理(2个水分控制下限和秸秆覆盖)以及在全生育期和5个不同生育期的4个水分亏缺程度(轻度、中度、重度和极度)处理,共27个处理。结果表明,在充分灌溉条件下,75%田间持水率水分下限控制处理的春青稞收获指数、籽粒产量和作物水分利用效率大于80%水分处理;秸秆覆盖处理的籽粒产量和水分利用效率在所有试验处理中最大。在全生育期水分亏缺条件下,春青稞籽粒产量均小于充分灌溉处理,且随着水分亏缺程度的增大而显著减小;轻度至重度水分亏缺处理可获得更大的作物收获指数和水分利用效率,但极度水分亏缺却导致最低的籽粒产量、收获指数和水分利用效率。除成熟期水分亏缺处理外,不同生育期水分亏缺处理条件下,春青稞籽粒产量和作物水分利用效率基本随着水分亏缺程度的增大而减小;拔节期、分蘖期和灌浆期水分亏缺对籽粒产量的不利影响较大。地表秸秆覆盖或全生育期轻度至重度水分亏缺处理可提高春青稞水分利用效率。  相似文献   

13.
The successful application of postharvest regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) over ten consecutive years (from season 1999/2000 to season 2007/2008) confirms the sustainability of this strategy for producing ‘Algerie’ loquat. Postharvest RDI consisting in a reduction of watering (between 45 and 80% depending on the season) from early June until the end of August, improved loquat profitability by increasing fruit value and by reducing water consumption with respect to fully irrigated trees (control). The increase in fruit value in RDI trees was due to a consistent improvement in harvest earliness as a result of an earlier blooming. Water savings of around 20% did not diminish yield nor fruit quality. Water use efficiency in RDI trees rose by over 30%. Water productivity reached 9.5 € m−3 of water applied in RDI trees versus 6.6 € m−3 in control trees. The most noticeable effect of RDI on vegetative growth was a significant and progressive decline in trunk growth. The canopy volume seems to be strongly influenced by pruning and no significant effects were detected in this parameter. Our results confirm the suitability of RDI in loquat and the economic benefits of saving water during the summer.  相似文献   

14.
Irrigation techniques that reduce water applications are increasingly applied in areas with scarce water resources. In this study, the effect of two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. “Catherine”] performance was studied over three growing seasons. The experimental site was located in Murcia (SE Spain), a Mediterranean region. Two RDI strategies (restricting water applications at stage II of fruit development and postharvest) based on stem water potential (Ψs) thresholds (?1.5 and ?1.8 MPa during fruit growth and ?1.5 and ?2.0 MPa during postharvest) were compared to a fully irrigated control. Soil water content (θv), Ψs, gas exchange parameters, vegetative growth, crop load, yield and fruit quality were determined. RDI treatments showed significantly lower values of θv and Ψs than control trees when irrigation water was restricted, causing reductions in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rates. Vegetative growth was reduced by RDI, as lower shoot lengths and pruning weights were observed under those treatments when compared to control. However, fruit size and yield were unaffected, and fruit quality was slightly improved by RDI. Water savings from 43 to 65 % were achieved depending on the year and the RDI strategy, and no negative carryover effect was detected during the study period. In conclusion, RDI strategies using Ψs thresholds for scheduling irrigation in mid–late maturing peach trees under Mediterranean conditions are viable options to save water without compromising yield and even improving fruit quality.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of sustained and regulated deficit irrigation (SDI and RDI) on “Mollar de Elche” pomegranate tree performance were investigated in a field trial conducted over three consecutive seasons. In the RDI regimes, severe water restrictions were applied during one of three phases: flowering and fruit set, fruit growth, or the final phase of fruit growth and ripening. In another approach, SDI was applied by watering trees at 50 % of the estimated crop water needs (ETc) during the entire season. Results showed that even after three consecutive seasons of water restrictions, similar yield levels were obtained in SDI and Control trees watered at 100 % ETc. This was because a 22 % reduction in average fresh fruit weight recorded in the SDI treatment was compensated by an increase in 28 % in the quantity of fruit collected per tree. This was most likely due to a reduction in the fall of the reproductive organs. However, the SDI strategy led to a reduction in 28 % in the yield value when fruits are sold for fresh fruit markets. Water restrictions applied only during flowering and fruit set also resulted in an increase in the quantity of fruit collected per tree, with only a slight reduction in fruit weight and without affecting the yield value. On the other hand, severe water restrictions applied during the summer (i.e., mid-phase of fruit growth) led to 24 % water savings with only a 7 % reduction in fruit weight. Fruit cracking was very low in all treatments and seasons (2–6 % over the total quantity fruit collected per tree). Only the RDI regime with restrictions during the summer increased cracking in one out of the three seasons. It is concluded that RDI can be used as a measure to cope with water scarcity and high water prices. Among all the RDI explored, the one with restrictions applied early in the season (during flowering and fruit set) was the most convenient strategy.  相似文献   

16.
调亏灌溉对冬小麦根冠生长影响的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
以冬小麦为试验材料,采用防雨棚下桶栽土培方法,就调亏灌溉(RDI)对作物根、冠生长的影响进行了试验研究。试验采用二因素随机区组设计,冬小麦设置5个水分调亏阶段,每个调亏阶段设置3个水分调亏程度,另设全生育期充分供水处理为对照(CK)。分别在水分调亏期间和复水后测定各处理根系参数和地上干物质质量。结果表明,RDI对植株根冠生长发育的影响因不同水分调亏阶段和不同水分调亏度而有所不同。在水分调亏期间冬小麦根系生长受到强烈抑制,但复水后根系具有"补偿生长效应"或"超补偿生长效应"。冬前适度水分调亏(调亏度55%FC～65%FC)对根系生长具有正效应;返青—拔节阶段不同程度水分调亏复水后均有"补偿生长效应"或"超补偿生长效应",而且这种"补偿生长效应"随水分调亏度加重呈增强趋势。冬小麦水分调亏均增大根冠比(R/S),且随水分调亏度加重,R/S明显增大。因此,RDI可以作为冬小麦根冠生长调控的有效方法。  相似文献   

17.
在大棚滴灌条件下对厚皮甜瓜伊丽莎白不同生育期进行不同程度的亏缺灌溉,研究调亏灌溉对其植株生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响.以土壤相对含水量为标准,在营养生长期和生殖生长期分别设置不同的土壤水分灌溉下限处理,分别是T1(75%~75%),T2(75%~55%),T3(65%~65%),T4(55%~75%),T5(55%~55%)5个试验处理.结果表明:在营养生长期,随着水分亏缺程度的加大,株高、茎粗、叶面积均呈减小趋势.在果实发育阶段,营养生长期及生殖生长期的水分亏缺对果实的生长、产量都有影响,均随亏缺程度的加大而降低,产量以处理T1和T2的最高,T5的最低,T3的大于T4的,各处理间差异具有统计学意义.水分利用效率为处理T2的最高,T1和T4的较低,T2与T4相比,在灌水基本相同的条件下,产量增加了26.2%,水分利用效率提高了27.7%.品质方面,水分亏缺提高了TSS含量;在营养生长期充分灌溉、生殖生长期亏水灌溉可以提高可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、维生素C的含量;而营养生长期亏水灌溉、生殖生长期充分灌溉有利于可滴定酸的合成.经综合分析,认为处理T2的灌溉下限设置可以作为武汉地区大棚滴灌条件下的甜瓜灌溉制度.  相似文献   

18.
The reduction in agricultural water use in areas of scarce supplies can release significant amounts of water for other uses. As improvements in irrigation systems and management have been widely adopted by fruit tree growers already, there is a need to explore the potential for reducing irrigation requirements via deficit irrigation (DI). It is also important to quantify to what extent the reduction in applied water through DI is translated into net water savings via tree evapotranspiration (ET) reduction. An experiment was conducted in a commercial pistachio orchard in Madera, CA, where a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) program was applied to a 32.3-ha block, while another block of the same size was fully irrigated (FI). Four trees were instrumented with six neutron probe access tubes each, in the two treatments and the soil water balance method was used to determine tree ET. Seasonal irrigation water in FI, applied through a full-coverage microsprinkler system, amounted to 842 mm, while only 669 mm were applied in RDI. Seasonal ET in FI was 1024 mm, of which 308 mm were computed as evaporation from soil (Es). In RDI, seasonal ET was reduced to 784 mm with 288 mm as Es. The reduction in applied water during the deficit period amounted to 147 mm. The ET of RDI during the deficit period was also reduced relative to that of FI by 133 mm, which represented 33% of the ET of FI during the deficit irrigation period. There was an additional ET reduction in RDI of about 100 mm that occurred in the post-deficit period.  相似文献   

19.
We examined, over the postharvest seasons of 2005–2007, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) for its potential of saving water and maintaining fruit yield and quality in ‘Summit’ sweet cherry. The postharvest irrigation treatments were: full irrigation (Control), receiving 80% of water in Control (RDI-80%), and receiving 50% of water in Control (RDI-50%). Midday stem water potential (Ψstem) was used for assessing plant water status. In 2006, trees produced a large crop and commercial fruit thinning had to be applied, whereas 2007 was a low crop year. The RDI treatment, first applied in 2005, reduced fruit set in 2006 and also reduced root winter starch concentration. In 2006, fruit set was lower in RDI-50% than in Control. But fruit thinning had still to be done with the final yield being the same among treatments. In 2007, RDI-50% produced more fruit and higher yields than Control. Relationship between postharvest Ψstem and crop load in the following season varied according to the year. They were negatively correlated in 2006 and positively correlated in 2007. Fruit firmness did not vary with irrigation treatments in any of the years. Fruit soluble solid concentration (SSC) and fruit relative dry matter (RDM) for RDI-50% was the highest in 2006 when RDI-50% trees had the lowest fruit set. In 2007, SSC and RDM for RDI-50% were the lowest with the trees having the highest fruit set and crop load at harvest. This study indicates that RDI-50% firstly applied in an “off” year, after crop has been harvested, can maintain fruit yield at similar levels to fully irrigated trees while saving water by 45%. Correction of biennial bearing and partial saving of thinning costs are additional advantages of this treatment.  相似文献   

20.
为了探究设施延迟栽培葡萄生育期灌溉水量的优化配置,根据2013—2014年设施延迟栽培葡萄不同生育期水分胁迫处理下的耗水量与产量关系的资料,分别分析了Stewart模型、Blank模型和Jensen模型3种不同水分生产函数对设施延迟栽培葡萄的适应性,计算了不同模型对应的设施延迟栽培葡萄不同生长阶段的水分敏感指数。结果表明,设施延迟葡萄水分敏感指数在果实膨大期最大,该时期为需水关键期,亏水处理会明显降低产量;萌芽期最小,该时期适度亏水对产量提高有积极影响。确立了Stewart模型和Blank模型为适用于设施延迟栽培葡萄的水分生产函数模型,在灌溉水量有限的条件下,应采取萌芽期适度亏水,将灌溉水量调配给果实膨大期的灌溉水配置方式,以期在合理调配灌溉水量的同时获得最佳经济效益。   相似文献   

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