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1.
为探明水稻不同种植模式与还田方式下土壤养分含量的变化。以辽星21号为试验材料,在大田条件下,比较移栽与直播种植2种模式下秸秆还田、炭化还田和不还田3种方式土壤中有机碳、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾含量的差异。研究结果表明,直播种植模式较移栽方式土壤速效磷含量、速效钾含量和全磷含量增加0.9%、5.4%和7.1%,生物炭还田较不还田处理分别显著增加土壤有机碳含量、速效钾含量、全氮含量和全磷含量9.6%、20.1%、5.3%和8.1%。因此,直播种植结合生物炭还田可作为提高农田肥力、改善土壤养分的一项促进北方寒地稻田资源再利用有效措施。 相似文献
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香蕉茎叶堆制还田对土壤各形态钾的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内模拟大田环境中香蕉茎叶堆肥还田对土壤中各形态钾的影响。结果显示:土壤中添加香蕉茎叶腐熟材料能提高土壤的pH值,在0～240mg/kg(以香蕉茎叶中的钾折算每千克土中添加钾的量,下同)添加量下,土壤pH值随添加量的增加而升高,总体维持在6.3～7.0范围内;土壤速效钾的含量也随着堆肥样品添加量的增加而增大。由于堆肥样品中各种物质的影响,土壤速效钾的量高于外源钾添加量和原始土壤中速效钾的量总和,且速效钾增率随堆肥样品添加量的增加而增大。90d后土壤中速效钾增率仍维持在36.83%～137.58%之间。缓效钾的量与速效钾相比,堆肥样品添加量对其在土壤中的含量变化影响不大,在大部分时间内不同堆肥样品添加量下缓效钾的量差异不显著。 相似文献
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不同茬口对小麦养分利用和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究不同茬口对小麦生产的影响,在测定玉米、大豆、花生、甘薯4种不同作物收获后土壤养分状况的基础上,对不同茬口下小麦植株养分吸收、利用和产量进行了研究。结果表明,与玉米茬相比,大豆茬的土壤速效磷含量降低,土壤速效氮和速效钾含量提高,花生茬的土壤速效氮和速效磷含量提高,甘薯茬的土壤速效氮和速效钾含量下降;大豆、花生和甘薯茬有利于小麦植株养分的积累,并能显著提高千粒重,但甘薯茬的小麦产量显著低于玉米茬。因此,大豆和花生可作为冬小麦种植区两熟复种模式的适宜前茬作物。 相似文献
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邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量分布状况,测试了邵阳市1790个土壤样本的速效钾含量,采用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析了邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量及在县域、空间、pH组、有机质组的分布。结果表明：①邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量总体上处于偏低水平,平均值为113.75 mg/kg,变异系数为50.40%,处于适宜范围内的样本占12.01%;于邵阳县和新宁县植烟土壤速效钾含量极显著高于隆回县;③植烟土壤速效钾含量总体上呈斑块状分布态势,以植烟土壤速效钾含量100.00~130.00 mg/kg为主要分布面积;榆不同pH组的植烟土壤速效钾含量差异不显著;虞植烟土壤有机质含量在35 g/kg以下时,土壤速效钾含量有随有机质增加而增加的趋势;植烟土壤有机质含量在35 g/kg以上时,土壤速效钾含量有随有机质增加而减少的趋势。 相似文献
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通过GIS和地统计学相结合的方法研究海南省保亭县橡胶园土壤速效氮、磷和钾含量的空间变异特征。结果表明：(1)土壤速效氮、磷、钾在一定范围内均存在空间相关性,速效氮和速效磷的空间相关性较弱,速效钾的空间相关性中等,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的相关距离变化范围分别为6 938.8、18 040.8 、6 938.8 m。速效磷和速效氮的空间变异主要受人为因素影响,速效钾受人为因素和自然因素的共同影响。(2)保亭县胶园土壤速效氮整体水平较低,主要为第四和第五等级;速效磷含量整体水平为中偏低,主要为中下水平的第四等级,速效钾含量整体水平较低,以第五等级为主。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土肥力特征的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
通过4年田间定位试验,研究均匀垄与宽窄行种植模式下玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土肥力特征与玉米产量的影响。结果表明,在均匀垄与宽窄行种植模式下,玉米秸秆深翻还田能明显降低耕层(0~20 cm)的土壤容重,增加相应的土壤含水量,提高土壤有机质与速效氮、速效钾含量。对亚耕层(21~40 cm)土壤的培育作用更为突出,与无秸秆还田处理相比,秸秆深翻还田使亚耕层土壤容重分别下降6.8%和10.2%,土壤有机质含量分别增加20.1%和14.2%,速效氮含量分别增加12.2%和12.3%,速效钾含量分别增加20.0%和22.0%。秸秆覆盖还田显著增加耕层的土壤有机质与速效氮含量,对亚耕层土壤肥力特征的影响不明显。在两种植模式下,秸秆不同还田方式玉米产量均表现为秸秆深翻无秸秆还田秸秆覆盖。在东北黑土区,玉米秸秆深翻还田措施能够有效提升土壤肥力,实现玉米的稳产与增产。 相似文献
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棉田地膜麦秸覆盖增产防衰研究报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
棉田覆盖地膜虽能增温保墒、促棉早发，但棉花根系分布浅，抗旱抗倒能力差。高温期膜下温度高，棉花根系衰老快，管理不当易早衰。盛蕾期揭膜、培土、施肥、浇水后每亩覆盖麦秸５００公斤，能够改善土壤环境，高温季节降低地温，棉花生长后期提高地温。覆盖麦秸可减少土表蒸发，遇旱时保墒，可避免雨水对地面的直接侵蚀，减轻地表巨烈的干湿交替，保护棉花根系，降低土壤容重。麦秸富含钾等养分，经腐烂分解，可不断供棉花吸收利用，并可提高棉田速效磷和速效钾含量，从而延长叶片功能期，增加后期叶面积，防止棉花早衰，增加铃重，提高产量。 相似文献
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通过田间试验，从时间、空间（水平和垂直）分布的角度研究了新疆滴灌棉田中土壤速效钾时空分布特征和运移规律。结果表明：在垂直方向上，土壤表层速效钾含量较高，随着土层的加深，速效钾含量逐渐降低。在水平方向上，滴水前滴灌带处表层土壤速效钾含量最低。第一次滴水后，滴灌带处土层速效钾有所增加，大部分速效钾集中分布在距离滴灌带水平距离20 cm及40 cm土层处；水平方向上，心土层和底土层速效钾含量随滴水次数变化不大。表土速效钾含量在棉花五叶期较高，盛蕾期至盛花期下降；到吐絮期不同土层的速效钾含量有上升趋势。 相似文献
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Shinichi Koyama 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(2):176-182
Rice husk charcoal (RC) produced from the pyrolysis of rice husk (RH) can be one of the cost-effective biochars for use in rice-based farming systems. This study investigated changes in rice yield and soil carbon sequestration over three years of RC application to an Andosol paddy field. The treatments were RC application at 0.02, 0.2, and 2 kg m?2 (RC0.02, RC0.2, and RC2, respectively), RH application at 0.2 kg m?2 (RH0.2), and a control with no RC or RH application (CONT). The results showed that RC2 increased culm length by 4% and straw weight by 14% on average over the three years. These increases in plant growth coincided with a higher level of silicon uptake by the rice plants, although they did not significantly affect grain yield. The soil carbon content was progressively increased by RC2 over the three years, whereas it was not significantly affected by RC0.02 or RC0.2. A considerable amount (>72%) of the applied carbon with RC2 remained in the soil by taking account of its downward movement below the 10 cm layer of the paddy field after three consecutive years of RC application. We conclude that rice husk charcoal application to Andosol paddy fields is an effective option for increasing carbon sequestration. Furthermore, the increase in silicon uptake by rice plants suggests that rice husk charcoal can also be functioning as a silicon fertilizer. 相似文献
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冬季种养结合对双季稻生长与土壤肥力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】以长江中下游地区冬季休闲稻田为研究对象,研究冬季种养制度对后季稻田土壤肥力及水稻产量的影响,以期为南方稻田生态保育提供理论依据。【方法】设置紫云英养鸡(milk vetch+ chicken, MC)、黑麦草养鸡(ryegrass + chicken, RC)、单种紫云英(milk vetch, M)、单种黑麦草(ryegrass, R)及冬闲(winter fallow, WF) 5个处理。【结果】冬季种养期间,MC和RC两处理水稻产量均显著高于其他处理,且MC处理增产效果最佳。MC和RC两处理能显著提高双季稻田有机质、全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,与冬闲相比分别提高了17.36%和22.95%、73.73%和250.48%、76.36%和85.11%、67.89%和70.05%;土壤全磷和速效磷含量以M处理最高;各处理对全钾含量影响不大。相关分析表明,水稻理论产量与成熟期土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮、有机质含量显著相关(P<0.05),冬季种养主要通过提高有效穗数影响水稻产量。【结论】与冬闲和单种绿肥相比,绿肥过腹还田有利于土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量的提高;与单种绿肥相比,绿肥过腹还田更有利于水稻分蘖数、叶面积系数和干物质量与稻谷产量的形成,且紫云英养鸡处理效果最显著。冬季种养结合模式下,有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮利于增源扩库,促进水稻增产。因此,冬闲田种养结合可满足后季水稻生长的养分需求,在稻田生态保育的基础上促进水稻增产,对长江中下游地区稻田可持续发展具有极其重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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冬作物秸秆还田对双季稻产量和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨冬作物秸秆还田对双季稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,以冬闲—双季稻为对照,设计了油菜—双季稻、紫云英—双季稻、黑麦草—双季稻、马铃薯—双季稻4种复种模式,进行对比试验。试验结果显示:与冬闲相比,油菜、紫云英、黑麦草和马铃薯秸秆还田提高了水稻有效穗数和穗粒数,水稻平均产量增加,增幅分别为4. 44%、6. 50%、4. 76%、6. 69%;油菜、紫云英、黑麦草和马铃薯秸秆还田后土壤平均pH值比冬闲分别下降0. 07、0. 11、0. 25、0. 08个单位,平均有效磷含量分别下降25. 0%、17. 6%、22. 5%、28. 6%,降幅明显;土壤碱解氮含量增幅大小顺序为紫云英还田处理>油菜秸秆还田处理>黑麦草秸秆还田处理,增幅分别为4. 41%、1. 39%、1. 36%;有机质含量增幅大小顺序为油菜秸秆还田处理>马铃薯秸秆还田处理,增幅分别为3. 0%、1. 2%;速效钾含量增加的只有黑麦草秸秆还田处理,增幅为7. 4%。表明紫云英—双季稻和油菜—双季稻是较好的复种模式。 相似文献
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宁夏引黄灌区麦稻水旱轮作二熟制双免耕的土壤培肥效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价麦稻水旱轮作二熟制双免耕的土壤培肥作用,采用常规测定法、比重计法、Biology-ECO法分别对参试的土壤养分、质地、微生物功能多样性等进行检测.结果表明,与传统耕作相比,连续4年冬小麦水稻全免耕轮作后,0～40 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷含量分别增加11,9％、17.1％、9.2％、26.5％、19.1％,全钾、速效钾含量分别减少0.9％、10.2％,0～20 cm土层的土壤粘粒、砂粒比例明显增加,粉粒比例明显减少.免耕冬小麦成熟期的土壤微生物功能多样性代谢活性显著高于传统耕作.0～20和20～40 cm土壤层次内反映微生物功能多样性的4种指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、丰富度和Simpson优势度指数)在冬小麦整个生长季节中的变化趋于一致,即在分蘖期和拔节期传统耕作高于连续4年免耕处理,在灌浆期和成熟期连续4年免耕处理高于传统耕作处理.连续4年免耕0～40 cm土壤肥力明显优于连续3年双免耕的肥力.免耕对提高土壤肥力,尤其是对促进冬小麦中、后期生长有利. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the application of rice husk biochar on selected soil physical properties, rice growth, including root extension, and methane (CH4) emissions from paddy field soil. Three replication experiments were conducted using outdoor pot experiments utilizing commercial rice husk biochar mixed with paddy soil at a rate of 0 (control), 2, and 4 % (weight biochar/weight soil) in which the rice was cultivated for 100 days under a continuously flooded condition. The physical properties of soils were analyzed before and after the growing periods. Some parameters of rice growth and CH4 emissions of paddy soils were monitored weekly during the experiment. Root extension was also analyzed after harvesting. The experiments showed that the application of rice husk biochar improved the physical properties of paddy soils. It led to a decrease in bulk density and an increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity, including the total pore volume as well as the available soil water content. The shoot height of rice plants was significantly higher in soil amended with 4 % biochar than that in the control soil. However, other plant growth parameters and root extension were only slightly affected by the application. It was also found that amending soil with biochar led to a reduction of the total CH4 emissions by 45.2 and 54.9 % for an application rate of 2 and 4 %, respectively, compared with the control. Our results showed that the higher the application rate, the stronger the effect of biochar was observed. More research is still necessary for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. 相似文献
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Sumin Kim 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):381-387
Rice husk is a by-product of rice milling process, and a great resource as a raw biomass material for manufacturing value-added composite products. One of the potential applications is to use rice husk as filler for manufacturing gypsum–rice husk boards for wall and ceiling materials for construction. We investigated the effect of rice husk, addition on selected physico-mechanical properties, total volatile organic compound (TVOC), and incombustibility, on the gypsum board. With increasing rice husk contents, water and moisture absorption was decreased. Because of the replacement of pore between gypsum particles by rice husk, the moisture absorption was decreased as rice husk adding contents. By rice husk adding, MOR of the gypsum–rice husk boards were increased up to 9.8 MPa at 30 wt%. However, MOR was decreased more than 40 wt% of adding contents. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) showed similar behavior with MOR. However, internal bonding strength (IB) was slightly increased as rice husk adding contents up to 20 wt%, 0.5 MPa and decreased over 20 wt%. The incombustibility of the gypsum–rice husk boards decreased on increasing the rice husk adding content. However, up to 30 wt% of rice husk adding contents board samples was of incombustibility first class. Gypsum particle can be replaced up to 30 wt% by rice husk with incombustibility first class for housing materials. In all cases, TVOC emission factor and formaldehyde emission remained under the ‘Excellent’ grade as defined by Korean Air Clean Association (KACA). 相似文献
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Integration of Growing Milk Vetch in Winter and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Can Improve Rice Yield in Double-Rice Cropping System 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Chun-huo Zhou Zun-kang Zhao Xiao-hua Pan Shan Huang Xue-ming Tan Jian-fu Wu Qing-hua Shi 《水稻科学》2016,23(3):132
To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice(MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice(FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012.Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2.MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle.In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation.Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading.Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers.These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development. 相似文献
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设置头季稻+鱼(或泥鳅)+再生稻的栽培模式,水稻品种选用黄华占和Y两优800,分析两种模式下土壤中全量氮、磷、钾含量与速效氮、磷、钾含量表现,结果表明:(1)稻鱼模式和稻鳅模式可增加土壤中全效养分含量,全氮、全磷、全钾含量在整个生育期内维持在一个相对稳定的状态,其中以稻鱼处理效果更明显,总体高于对照田.头季稻与再生季两个生育季内全氮、全磷处于相对稳定的状态,全钾含量则在再生季略有下降;(2)稻鱼模式和稻鳅模式提高了土壤中速效养分含量,孕穗期、灌浆期、成熟期含量比分蘖期时有所提升,稻鱼模式下土壤速效养分含量整体表现要高于稻鳅模式.两个水稻品种再生季的土壤速效养分含量变化规律性不明显,但整体维持在相对稳定水平. 相似文献
19.
Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is one of the water quality indexes that whose is important due to reuse or depletion to environment. Solutes in drain water can be controlled by adsorption, chemical or biological reaction, organic envelope of drainage. Rice husk is the common option of drainage envelops in paddy fields. In this study, the ability of reduction of SAR by rice husk was evaluated in batch scale and physical model of drain envelops. In the batch experiments, the adsorption of SAR parameters was investigated by adding 2 g of rice husk into a 100 ml of sodium chloride solution. The results indicated that rice husk absorbed calcium, magnesium and sodium, respectively. By increasing the temperature, contact time and pH, adsorption of calcium, magnesium and sodium was increased; however, the higher concentration of sodium in soil solution reduced the percentage of adsorption. In a more realistic state, physical models of subsurface drainage in the paddy fields were made. Drainage envelope treatments included of rice husk (H), combination of 20 and 60 % of husk with gravel (H20G80 and H60G40) and a pipe without envelope (NE). Due to higher drain discharge and more sodium removal (lower SAR in drain water), treatment H with the discharge of 16.2 ml/min and SAR of 1.27 (meq/l)0.5 was better in comparison with other treatments. 相似文献
20.
稻草还田对土壤养分及水稻生物量和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻草还田作为最便捷的水稻秸秆利用方式,对水稻生产和土壤培肥具有重要意义。为探明稻草还田对土壤养分和机插水稻生长的影响,设置稻草还田(HR)和稻草不还田(BR)两个处理,通过测定水稻生育特性和产量等指标,土壤全量养分和速效养分等性状,进行对比试验。结果表明:稻草还田能显著降低机插水稻株高达4.1cm,使每蔸水稻平均增加3.2个有效分蘖,显著增加水稻有效穗数达22.54%,从而显著提高水稻成熟期生物量达18.95%,增加当季水稻产量达18.88%,其中穗部生物量增幅达15.3%。稻草还田显著增加成熟期水稻地上部总氮、磷、钾素积累量,其中穗部氮、磷、钾素积累量增幅分别为13.2、5.2、4.73 kg/hm^2。稻草还田能显著增加种植后土壤碱解氮含量达14.67%。 相似文献