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1.
对来自广东省内7 个种源的30 个猴耳环Archidendron clypearia 家系的种子千粒重及其半年
生实生苗的成活率、苗高和地径性状进行统计分析。结果表明：30 个猴耳环家系的种子总平均千粒重为
754.2 g，半年生实生苗的成活率均在93.30% 以上；家系间苗高性状差异达到极显著水（P<0.001），平
均苗高最大为19.96 cm，最低的只有11.50 cm。家系内个体间苗高也具有较大差异，变异系数最高的可
达38.25%；家系间地径性状的差异也达到极显著水平（P<0.001）, 平均地径最大为0.57 cm，最小的只有
0.39 cm 。家系内地径的变异系数最高的达37.74%；各性状间的相关性分析结果表明，地径和苗高极显著
正相关（r2=0.70, P<0.001），地径和苗高与种子千粒重均无显著相关性。 相似文献
2.
3.
宜兴市引种美国栎属种源和杂交松试验初报 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
于 1999年 3月在宜兴市林场建立美国栎属 (包括柳叶栎 5个种源、红栎 2个种源 ) ,杂交松(杂种F1代 ,父本、母本 )以及对照树种青冈、麻栎、小叶栎和马尾松等共 14个处理的引种试验林。通过 1a观测 ,其生长和保存率存在显著变异。 (1)美国栎属生长变异极显著 ,树种间比较是柳叶栎 >红栎 >青冈。在柳叶栎中以 9818号最大 ,982 2号最小。红栎种源间无差异。造林成活率由于是采用容器苗造林 ,达 95 0 0 %～ 10 0 0 0 % ,种间和种源间变异不显著。但保存率变异显著 ,以柳叶栎 9816号和青冈最高 ,为 98 0 0 %～ 90 0 0 % ,红栎 982 1号和柳叶栎 982 3号最低 ,为 6 5 70 %～6 5 80 % ,比造林成活率有很大降低。 (2 )杂交松F1代最大 ,父本次之 ,母本最小。造林成活率和保存率差异均不显著 ,一直保持在平均 99 0 0 % 相似文献
4.
以黑河种源山丁子为对照,对阿穆尔种源山丁子7个单株果实及幼苗生长情况进行对比分析的结果表明:8个单株果实均为扁球形,桔色或红色,果粒整齐或较整齐,果味酸、涩。8个单株果实种子变异较为丰富,阿穆尔种源7个单株均与对照存在显著差异,最大单果重、最大种子千粒重分别超过对照283.33%、151.11%;阿穆尔种源7个单株间平均单果重、种子千粒重差异显著,最大平均单果重超过最小平均单果重95.65%,最大种子千粒重超过最小种子千粒重75.12%。8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径存在较大的变异,阿穆尔种源苗高变异系数为34.95%～57.07%,地径变异系数为17.39%～33.18%,对照苗高变异系数44.73%、地径变异系数33.49%;8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径差异极显著,苗高生长最快的超过生长最慢的235.8%,地径生长最快的超过生长最慢的111.11%。 相似文献
5.
对苗圃中种植的红锥1.5代种子园中采集到的34个半同胞子代家系的株高、地径、叶片数量、光合能力（SPAD法）、叶片长度、叶片宽度和叶面积等7个表型进行测定,并计算叶片长宽比,结果表明：15个月生红锥的平均株高为47.2cm,株高平均变异系数为25.4%,平均地径为5.4mm,地径平均变异系数为20.7%,平均叶片数量为55.3片,平均SPAD值为38.2,平均叶片长度、叶片宽度和叶面积分别为9.0cm、2.5cm和14.3cm2,平均叶片长宽比为3.6。方差分析的结果显示8个生长表型在不同家系间均存在显著差异。通过苗期株高、地径的综合评价,参考其生长量的变异系数,共筛选出4个苗期表现优良的红锥家系,分别为A02、A08、A15和A31。 相似文献
6.
黄冕林场江南油杉优树子代林测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对来自广西、福建的31个江南油杉(Keteleeria fortunei var. cyclolepis)家系进行种子品质测定、育苗和造林试验。结果表明,江南油杉不同家系间种子千粒重、饱满度、发芽率的差异极显著(P 0.01),分别为125.67～196.58 g、37.87%～77.63%、44.14%～88.19%,变异系数分别为20.42%、42.39%、41.39%。31个家系的生长性状差异也达到极显著水平(P 0.01),平均地径为1.68～6.46 cm,变异系数为3.24%～58.71%;平均树高为1.32～4.28 m,变异系数为2.11%～47.40%。3年生子代测定初步结果表明,参试家系可分为4个类型,其中35号为Ⅰ类家系,是表现最优秀的家系,地径和树高分别为群体均值的2.15和2.08倍,平均遗传增益分别为99.05%和97.03%;其次是32号,为Ⅱ类家系,地径和树高分别为群体均值的1.71和1.63倍,平均遗传增益分别为61.37%和56.82%。 相似文献
7.
通过从广西引种9个不同品种金花茶,并对其2年期间苗高和地径生长进行对比试验研究。结果表明：防城兴金花茶成活率最高,达100%,珑瑞金花茶苗木成活率最低,仅为74.7%;防城金花茶的苗高生长量最大,为41.6cm,显著大于其他8个品种金花茶(p<0.05);防城金花茶的地径生长量最大,为1.018cm,凹脉金花茶次之,为0.896cm,两者皆显著大于其他6个品种金花茶(p<0.05);不同品种金花茶苗木成活率、苗高生长量及地径生长量间存在极显著的正相关关系(p<0.01)。苗木生长综合指标值分析表明,防城金花茶在肇庆地区生长最好,在品种选择方面,可以适当引种防城金花茶。 相似文献
8.
在对江苏洋口港临港工业区土壤盐分和pH值分析的基础上,引种了12种较耐盐乔灌木,3年后对其成活率、树高、地径等进行调查并对土壤的N、P、K及有机质含量进行分析.结果表明:合欢、早柳、红花刺槐、紫穗槐4个树种在表层土(0～10 cm)含盐量为6.91%o的土壤上能正常生长,其中合欢第3年树高相对生长量为62.8%,红花刺槐第3年地径相对生长量为65.9%,'中山杉302'在表层土(0～10cm)含盐量为1.36%,次表层土(10～20 cm)含盐量为3.18%0的土壤上成活率为100%.裁植耐盐树木对盐碱地的土壤养分都能起到一定的改善作用,其中豆科树种合欢对增加土壤养分效果最好. 相似文献
9.
通过2003年干旱对1～3年生杉木幼林生长影响的研究,结果表明,2003年的杉木造林成活率、1～3年生杉木地径和树高当年生长量显著低于降水量正常的年份(2000～2002年)。干旱期间1年生杉木林平均造林成活率为81 5%,下降11 5%,平均地径当年生长量为0 70cm,下降54 3%,平均树高当年生长量为0 53m,下降36 4%;2年生杉木林地径和树高当年生长量分别下降38 8%和34 2%,3年生杉木林地径和树高当年生长量分别下降36 0%和43 1%。 相似文献
10.
香榧大砧嫁接技术试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以地径3~5cm的实生榧树大苗为砧木、"细榧"等品种为接穗,研究不同嫁接部位、嫁接时间、嫁接高度、大砧地径大小对香榧新梢生长和嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,采用主枝劈接和主干劈接的嫁接成活率分别为100%和87.67%,接穗成活率分别为95.17%和83.33%,达到10%以上的显著水平,平均抽梢个数无差异,但主干劈接的新梢平均生长量43.18cm、高于主枝劈接的37.22cm;主干劈接时间上,嫁接成活率间没有显著差异,但新梢生长量随嫁接时间推迟而减小;主干劈接的高度对嫁接成活率、平均抽梢次数没有显著差异,平均新梢长度越低、新梢越长;砧木地径大小对嫁接成活率、平均抽梢次数没有显著差异,但地径越大、新梢越长。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献