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1.
Dinh Van Dung Nguyen Xuan Ba Nguyen Huu Van Le Dinh Phung Le Duc Ngoan Vu Chi Cuong Wen Yao 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1619-1626
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) level in concentrate (experiment 1) and concentrate level (experiment 2) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) retention, ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration and average daily gain (ADG) of Vietnamese local fattening cattle. Animals (24 cattle, initial live weight (LW) 150.3?±?11.8 kg in experiment 1 and 145.1?±?9.8 kg in experiment 2) were allotted based on LW to one of four treatments in a randomised complete block design. In experiment 1, concentrate with four levels of CP (10, 13, 16 and 19 %) was fed at 1.5 % of LW. In experiment 2, concentrate was fed at 1.0, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 % of LW. In both experiments, roughage was 5 kg/day native grass and ad libitum rice straw (fresh basis). Results showed that the CP level in concentrate significantly affected dry matter (DM) intake (P?<?0.05), N retention, ADG and ruminal NH3-N concentration (P?<?0.01), but it had no significant effect on DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (P?>?0.05), whereas CP digestibility increased (P?<?0.001) along with the CP level. DM intake, N retention and ADG increased (P?<?0.001) linearly with concentrate intake. DM and CP digestibility were not significantly affected by concentrate intake (P?>?0.05). OM digestibility and NH3-N concentration increased linearly (P?<?0.05), whereas NDF digestibility and ruminal pH declined linearly with increased concentrate consumption (P?<?0.01). These results indicate that 16 % CP in concentrate and feeding concentrate at the rate of 2.2 % of LW are recommendable for fattening local cattle in Vietnam. 相似文献
2.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(1):9-19
The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of early-age growth limitation, achieved through feed restriction (FR), as a means of reducing ascites mortality in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperatures. Feed restriction was applied to broilers from 5 to 11 d of age so as to reduce their weight gain to about 40% of that of control broilers that were fed ad libitum (AL). At the age of 21 d the chickens were exposed to a temperature of 15°C, which induced ascites. By 46 d of age, ascites incidence and mortality in the feed-restricted birds were reduced to 15.79 vs. 36.84% and 7.89 vs. 26.32%, respectively, compared with those in the controls (P < 0.05). After feed restriction was stopped, the FR chickens had accelerated weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio from 11 to 18 d of age (P < 0.05), and by 46 d they had achieved the same body weight as the AL birds. Ascitic broilers had smaller relative breast muscle and spleen weights than those of the healthy broilers at 46 d (P < 0.05). However, the relative weights of lung, heart, and liver and the right ventricle weight per total ventricle weight (RV:TV) ratios were greater in ascitic broilers (P < 0.05). At age 37 d, when ascites had developed but not yet caused mortality, the ascitic broilers had lower plasma concentrations of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and higher hematocrit values (P < 0.05) in comparison with the healthy ones. Ascitic birds also had lower oxygen consumption at 6 wk (P < 0.05), which agrees with information that the terminal stage of the ascites syndrome can be characterized by low oxygen consumption. We concluded that the early-age feed restriction reduced ascites incidence and mortality and prevented reduction of the thyroid hormone concentrations in male broilers reared at low ambient temperature from the age of 3 wk onward. 相似文献
3.
Karla Paola Picoli Alice Eiko Murakami Ricardo Vianna Nunes Cristiane Regina do Amaral Duarte Cinthia Eyng Ivan Camilo Ospina-Rojas 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1371-1381
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of dehydrated cassava starch residue (DCSR) on the performance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics and carcass traits of ISA Label JA57 slow-growing broilers. A total of 510 broilers at 21 were distributed in a randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 % DCSR inclusion) and a control group, 5 replicates, and 17 birds per experimental unit. The DCSR inclusion from 21 to 49 days of age negatively influenced (P?0.05) weight gain and feed intake and did not affect (P?>?0.05) feed conversion in the broilers with increasing of DCSR inclusion. From 21 to 79 days, DCSR inclusion impaired (P?0.05) weight gain, feed conversion, and poultry litter quality with increasing of DCSR inclusion. The level of blood triglycerides showed a quadratic response (P?0.05) at 79 days of age with the highest value predicted to occur at 5.45 % of DCSR inclusion. DCSR levels affected (P?0.05) the gastrointestinal organ characteristics, cecal content pH, and pigmentation of the shank, breast, and thigh meat of the birds but did not alter (P?>?0.05) the other parameters of carcass quality and yield, cuts, and percentage of abdominal fat. In conclusion, DCSR inclusion levels above 2 % compromised broiler performance. 相似文献
4.
Michael O Wellington Michael A Bosompem Raelene Petracek Veronika Nagl Daniel A Columbus 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(12)
The prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) is a concern for swine producers, and although there has been extensive research into the effects of DON in pigs, focus has been in young pigs and/or in short-term studies. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exposure to DON-contaminated diets in finisher pigs. A total of 200 pigs (76.6 ± 3.9 kg initial weight) were group housed (five pigs per pen; n = 10 pens/treatment) in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were fed a wheat-barley-soybean meal-based control (CONT) diet with no DON or the basal diet in which clean wheat was replaced by DON-contaminated wheat and wheat screenings to provide DON content of 1, 3, or 5 ppm (DON1, DON3, and DON5, respectively). Individual BW and pen feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Blood was collected on days 0, 14, and 43 and analyzed for indicators of liver and kidney health. Nitrogen (N)-balance was conducted immediately following the growth performance period to determine the effect of DON on nutrient utilization. Blood and urine samples collected during N balance were analyzed for DON content. Feeding DON reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG from days 0 to 28 compared with CONT, after which there was no effect of diet on ADFI and ADG. The G:F was lower (P < 0.05) in DON5 fed pigs compared with all treatments during days 0 to 7; however, no treatment effects on G:F was observed from days 8 to 42. Nitrogen retention was lower (P < 0.05) in DON3 and DON5 compared with DON1-fed pigs. Nitrogen retention efficiency was higher (P < 0.05) in DON1 compared with DON3 and DON5 and protein deposition for DON1 pigs was higher (P < 0.05) than all treatments. There were no treatment effects on indicators of liver and kidney health. As dietary DON intake increased, concentration of DON in blood and urine increased. Overall, although there was an initial decrease in ADG and ADFI in pigs receiving diets containing >1 ppm DON, pig performance recovered after a period of time, whereas nutrient utilization continued to be affected after recovery of performance. Moreover, the lack of DON on G:F indicates that the negative effects of DON on growth performance are largely due to reduced feed intake. Overall, although pigs maybe capable of adapting to intake of DON-contaminated diets, their final body weight will be reduced when fed diets containing >1 ppm DON. 相似文献
5.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(3):398-411
The potential for plants to trap NH3 and dust [particulate matter (PM)] discharged from a layer house through the exhaust fans was evaluated at The Pennsylvania State University Poultry Education and Research Center in August 2006. Poultry and livestock NH3 emissions are a concern for air quality, surface deposition, and animal and human health. Particulate matter is a human health concern as well and is regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in nonattainment areas. A vegetative buffer comprising 5 tree species was planted in pot-in-pot containers in 5 rows downwind from 4 henhouse fans, with 1 control row of plants upwind from the fans. When measured with a photoacoustic NH3 detector at fan elevation (1.5 m), NH3 concentrations decreased sharply (P ≤ 0.0001) with greater distance, from 71.1 ppm at 0 m (at the fan) to 2.1 ppm at 5.5 m (between rows 2 and 3), 0.3 ppm at 10 m (after row 5), and 0.1 ppm at 50 m (control). This trend was also observed with colorimetric dosi-tubes and a photoacoustic detector at 0.3- and 3.0-m elevations. Significantly lower NH3 concentrations were recorded at both the 0.3- and 3.0-m elevations in the presence of the trees compared with when the trees were removed from their pot-in-pot containers, suggesting that a portion of the atmospheric NH3 was being trapped by the plants. This was further supported by greater foliar N concentrations in plants when measured downwind from the fans (P ≤ 0.0001). Dust concentrations sampled downwind from the fans were greatest at 2.5 m and decreased linearly to 50 m (P ≤ 0.0001). Plant PM2.5, PM10, and total PM washed from the foliage showed the same significant linear trend with greater distance from the fans. Plants also showed unique species differences in their capacity to trap and hold NH3 and PM that can be applied in practical recommendations. These findings indicated vegetative buffers are capable of trapping NH3 and PM fan emissions from poultry facilities. 相似文献
6.
Elizabeth G Ross Jase J Ball Samantha J Werth Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios Yongjing Zhao Yuee Pan Patrick C Taube Todd R Meinert Nicholas K Van Engen F M Mitloehner 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
With a growing global population and increased environmental concerns around animal agriculture, it is essential to humanely maximize animal performance and reduce environmental emissions. This study aims to determine the efficacy of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC), an orally active, β 1-adrenergic agonist (β1AA), to feedlot steers in the last 42 d of finishing to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions and improve animal performance. A randomized complete block design was used to allocate 112 Angus and crossbred Angus steers (initial body weight [BW] = 566.0 ± 10.4 kg) to 8 cattle pen enclosures. Pens (n = 4 per treatment, 14 steers per pen, and 56 steers per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) CON; finishing ration containing no RAC, 2) RAC; finishing ration containing 27.3 g/907 kg dry matter (DM) basis RAC. Steers were weighed on day −1 and 0 before treatment and day 14, 28, and 42 during treatment. Treatment rations were mixed and delivered daily by masked personnel. Measured emissions included NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The primary response variables assessed were emissions standardized by live weight (LW) and hot carcass weight (HCW). Steers were harvested on day 43 and carcass data were collected on day 43 and 44. Steers fed RAC reduced NH3 emissions by 17.21% from day 0 to 28 (P = 0.032) and tended to reduce NH3 from day 0 to 42 by 11.07% (P = 0.070) vs. CON. When standardized for LW, NH3 was reduced by 23.88% from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.018), 17.80% from day 0 to 28 (P = 0.006), and 12.50% for day 0 to 42 (P = 0.027) in steers fed RAC vs. CON. Steers fed RAC had 14.05% (P = 0.013) lower cumulative NH3 emissions when standardized by HCW vs. CON. Feeding RAC to Steers reduced H2S by 29.49% from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.009) and tended to reduce H2S over day 0 to 28 by 11.14% (P = 0.086) vs. CON. When H2S emissions were standardized for LW, RAC fed steers had a 28.81% reduction from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.008) vs. CON. From day 0 to 42 the RAC fed steers tended to have a 0.24 kg/d greater average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.066) and tended to eat 4.27% less (P = 0.069) on a DM basis vs. CON. The RAC fed steers had a 19.95% greater gain to feed ratio (G:F) compared to CON (P = 0.012). Steers fed RAC had an average of 12.52 kg greater HCW (P = 0.006) and an increase of 1.93 percentage units in dressing percent (DP) (P = 0.004) vs. CON. Ractopamine is an effective medicated feed additive for reducing NH3 and improving end product performance through HCW yields. 相似文献
7.
Naeem Muhammad Rajput Nasir Dong Li Zhang Lili Wang Tian 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1475-1482
In order to use rice straw as forage in livestock feeding, the effects of steam-treated rice straw (at 15.5 kgf/cm2 for 120 s) feeding on growth performance, plasma volatile fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility of goats were determined. Twenty male goats (18.69?±?0.34 kg) were used in an 84-day trial. The goats were divided into four groups of five goats each to receive steam-treated (STRS) or untreated (UTRS) rice straw diet under closed house (CH) and open house (OH) systems. The results revealed that the goats fed with STRS had significantly higher dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility; similarly, the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher for STRS groups under both CH and OH systems than those for UTRS. The plasma protein and insulin in STRS and cholesterol in UTRS groups was higher (P?0.05) at 60 days but found not different (P?>?0.05) at 30 days. The plasma amylase, lipase, T3, T4 and glucagon at 30 and 60 days were not different (P?>?0.05) among the groups. The plasma acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid were higher (P?0.05) in STRS groups at 30 and 60 days. The housing conditions had no effects (P?>?0.05) on these parameters. It could be concluded that steam treatment of rice straw at 15.5 kgf/cm2 for 120 s increased apparent nutrient digestibility, hence increased the growth and feed efficiency of growing goats. 相似文献
8.
Y. Wang J.H. Cho Y.J. Chen J.S. Yoo Y. Huang H.J. Kim I.H. Kim 《Livestock Science》2009,120(1-2):35-42
For this study, 2 experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary BioPlus 2B® supplements on growing pigs. In experiment 1, 64 crossbred pigs (26.70 ± 0.50 kg) were subjected to a 35-day feeding trial (2 pigs/pen, 8 pens/treatment) in which the effects of the following four corn-soybean meal based dietary treatments were compared: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) B0.05 (basal diet + 0.05% BioPlus 2B®); 3) B0.1 (basal diet + 0.1% BioPlus 2B®) and 4) B0.2 (basal diet + 0.2% BioPlus 2B®). During the experimental period, average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase in a linear fashion (P = 0.08) with increasing levels of dietary BioPlus 2B®. In addition, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) was found to increase (P < 0.05) as the levels of BioPlus 2B® increased. However, no linear or quadratic effects were observed in the gain:feed ratio (G:F) or in the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) when dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) were considered. In experiment 2, 16 crossbred barrows (25.60 ± 0.10 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments used in experiment 1 (1 pig/pen, 4 pens/treatment). The noxious gas emissions and pH of slurry waste were then measured daily for 120 h. Ammonia (NH3) emission from the slurry samples obtained from pigs in the BioPlus 2B® groups was lower than that of slurry obtained from pigs in the CON treatment (P < 0.05), however, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and mercaptan emission were not affected by supplementation with BioPlus 2B®. In addition, the pH value decreased with time, and the pH values of slurry obtained from pigs subjected to the B0.1 and B0.2 treatments were lower than those of samples obtained from other groups after 48 h (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that supplementation with BioPlus 2B® can reduce slurry NH3 emission, but not H2S and mercaptan emission in growing pigs without impacting growth performance. 相似文献
9.
Randhir Singh Bhatt Nira Manik Soren Artabandhu Sahoo Shaikh Abdul Karim 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):167-176
Improvement in body condition was assessed in 40 cull ewes (>6 years), equally distributed in two groups and realimented with ad libitum roughage (gram straw) and two levels of concentrate feeding, i.e., 2.5 % (T1) of live weight (LW) and ad libitum (T2). Five representative animals from an initial 45 were slaughtered at the initiation of the study (0 day) and five animals from each treatment at 44, 67, and 90 days of experiment for carcass attributes. Improvement in body condition score (BCS), nutrient utilization, feed efficiency, and carcass traits were assessed at 44, 67, and 90 days. Metabolism trial of 6-day collection of feed, feces, and urine samples was conducted on five representative ewes from each group after 60 days of feeding. The level of concentrate feeding on LW gain and BCS was significant, and the duration of realimentation showed a linear improvement (P?<?0.001). The digestibility and intake of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein was higher (P?<?0.05) in T2. The N intake, absorption, and balance showed a similar trend. Increase (P?<?0.05) in total N, trichloroacetic acid precipitable N, and ammonia N was observed with extension of realimentation period. Blood metabolic profile also showed improvement (P?<?0.05) from an undernourished state to normal after alimentation. Animals in T2 accumulated higher LW with minimal expenditure of metabolizable energy (73.4 vs 79.1 MJ) and higher efficiency of feed conversion during 68 to 90 days of realimentation. Linear improvement (P?<?0.01) in carcass traits (preslaughter weight, empty live weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and amount of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat) and composition of longissimus dorsi muscle was observed. Ad lib concentrate supplementation for a period of 90 days may thus be considered appropriate for achieving desired efficiency of gain and improvement in body condition of cull ewes for quality mutton production. 相似文献
10.
A total of 105 growing pigs (24.91 ± 1.06 kg) were used in a 6‐week trial to investigate the effects of including Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall extract and poplar propolis ethanol extract (SPE) in the diet on growth performance, digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emissions. Pigs were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments (seven pens/treatment, five pigs/pen) according to initial body weight and sex (two gilts and three barrows). Treatments consisted of a corn soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.05 or 0.10% SPE. There was a significant linear improvement (P < 0.05) in average daily gain, gain/feed, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy, blood lymphocyte percentage, immunoglobulin G concentration, fecal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus counts as well as fecal NH3 and H2S emissions associated with the inclusion of SPE in the diet. Average daily feed intake, red blood cells and white blood cells concentration were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by SPE supplementation in the diets. In conclusion, results indicate that dietary SPE supplementation can improve growth performance, digestibility and fecal microbiota, and decrease fecal gas emissions in growing pigs. 相似文献
11.
Hamed A. A. Omer Soha S. Abdel-Magid Sawsan M. Ahmed Mamdouh I. Mohamed I. M. Awadalla 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1195-1202
Twenty-one male growing lambs aged 6 months with an average weight 27.6 ± 0.24 kg were used to determine the effects of partial
replacing yellow corn with potato processing waste (PPW) on performance of Ossimi lambs. Animals divided into three equal
groups and assigned for control and two experimental diets containing PPW which was replaced from yellow corn at 0% PPW (R1), 25% PPW (R2), and 50% PPW (R3). The results showed that tested rations were almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Dietary treatments had no significant
effect on feed intake, while water intake insignificantly decreased. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter,
and crude protein significantly (P < 0.05) improved. However, dietary treatment had no significant effect on crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract digestibilities.
Values of total digestible nutrient and digestible crude protein significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Nitrogen retention was positive for all groups. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on ruminal
pH but insignificantly decreased ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) concentrations. However, total volatile fatty acid concentration was increased. Dietary treatments increased molar proportion
of volatile fatty acids. Final weight, body weight gain, and average daily gain were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, while feed conversion ratio insignificantly decreased. Inclusion of PPW decreased total daily feeding
costs of experimental rations. PPW could be used as a source of energy in lamb rations instead of corn grain. Also, PPW can
be successfully fed to lamb without any adverse effect on their performance, and it can be an economical substitute for grain. 相似文献
12.
An alternative additive that improves the nutrient use by ruminants and reduces the use of antibiotics is desirable in order to promote a sustainable and ecological animal production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diets of finishing lambs fed with different concentrate levels on their performance, carcass traits, metabolic profile and eating pattern. The trial was carried out at Institute of Animal Science and Pastures, in Nova Odessa city, Brazil, with 24 Texel lambs, 18.0 Kg±1.14 Kg of initial live weight, and averaging 70 days-old, kept in individual pens. The animals were fed with diets comprising hay and concentrate rations in two different proportions (80 or 60%, on DM basis), supplemented or not with live yeast. A completely randomized blocks design, on a 2×2 factorial arrangement (2 concentrate levels with presence or absence of live yeast), was used to compare the means. Supplementation with live yeast did not affect (P>0.05) DM intake, feed conversion, daily live weight gain, total live weight gain and final live weight, although it increased cold carcass weight (P=0.0135) and external carcass length (P=0.0104) regardless of the concentrate feed proportion in the diet. On carcass traits, supplementation with live yeasts did not modify (P>0.05) cold carcass dressing percentage, compactness index, leg length, external chest depth, buttock circumference, carcass fat cover score, and conformation score. Lambs fed diets with greater concentrate level (80%) significantly increased (P<0.05) DM intake, feed conversion, daily live weight gain, total and final live weight gains, cold carcass weight, compactness index, external carcass length, external chest depth, and buttocks circumference and did not modify (P>0.05) the cold dressing percentage, degree of carcass fat cover score and conformation. The live yeast decreased plasmatic lactate (P<0.05), did not affect (P>0.05) plasmatic glucose, and reduced (P<0.05) serum urea, only on the higher concentrate diets. The proportion of concentrate did not affect (P>0.05) the plasmatic glucose and lactate. Supplementation of live yeasts did not improve (P>0.05) the rib eye dimensions and the carcass subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasound. Lambs on diet with greater concentrate level had smaller (P<0.05) ingestion and rumination time. The supplementation with live yeast increased the rumination time and did not modify the ingestion time. It can be concluded that live yeast supplementation increases the weight and the carcass length, regardless of the amount of concentrate added to the diet. 相似文献
13.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(1):52-61
Nutritional and management interventions are needed to reduce the incidence of pododermatitis in poultry. In this study, enzyme (Allzyme Vegpro) supplementation of corn-soybean meal-based broiler diets was evaluated in an effort to reduce total N and NH3 production and its effect on pododermatitis in broiler chickens. A total of 1,600 mixed-sex chicks were raised on floor pens in a design involving 2 × 2 × 2 arrangement of protein level [high or low], protein source [all vegetable (Veg) or vegetable plus animal (Veg + Ani)], and enzyme [with or without enzyme supplementation (0.06%)], on a 4-stage feeding program (4 replicate pens/treatment; 50 birds/pen). In addition to live performance, the feet were scored for incidence of lesions on all birds on 28, 42, and 57 d of age, and the severity was recorded as none, mild, and severe. Pooled gut samples were collected at 57 d of age to determine viscosities of fore- and hindgut contents. Pooled litter samples were analyzed for moisture, total N, and NH3 production at 14, 28, 42, and 57 d of age. Live performance of birds did not vary among the treatments (P > 0.05). The incidence of pododermatitis was significantly affected by protein source at 42 d (P < 0.05), with birds fed all-vegetable diets showing higher incidence and severity than those fed vegetable plus animal diets. At 57 d of age, birds reared on all-vegetable diets with enzyme supplementation showed a lower incidence of mild footpad lesions compared with other treatments. Enzyme supplementation reduced viscosity of the gut contents irrespective of the protein level or protein source. Higher levels of litter NH3 were observed with high-protein diets (28 and 42 d), all-vegetable diets (28 d), and with enzyme supplementation (28 and 42 d). In this study, enzyme supplementation had little effect on litter total N and NH3 production levels, but reduced viscosity of the gut contents and severity of pododermatitis in older birds. 相似文献
14.
Jaime Salinas-Chavira Zaira N. Montoya-Chávez Jose Castañeda-Licón Lorenzo A. Duran-Meléndez David López-Cantú Fidel Infante-Rodríguez Jose O. Jasso-Obregón Martin F. Montano-Gomez Ramón F. García-Castillo 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):935-939
The addition of rice polishing (RP) and phytase enzyme to poultry diets was tested on 200 1-day-old broilers weighing 42 g. Birds were assigned to a completely random design with a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement with four treatments and five repetitions of ten birds each. The factors evaluated were RP level (0 and 15 %) and phytase (0 and 150 g/ton). The trial was divided in two phases of 21 days each (42 days total). In phase 1, no treatment effects were observed (P?>?0.10) on poultry productive behavior. In the second phase (21 to 42 days) and on the total trial (1 to 42 days), there were no effects of the treatments on weight gain or feed intake (P?>?0.10). Feed conversion was affected by RP (P?<?0.01) but not by phytase addition (P?>?0.10). In conclusion, phytase did not affect broiler production with or without RP. Addition of 15 % RP in poultry diets represents an alternative to reduce feed costs. 相似文献
15.
Gustavo Lazzari Amanda C O Poppi Juliana Machado Antonio V I Bueno Ana L M Gomes Clves C Jobim Joo L P Daniel 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)
The objective of this study was to examine the conservation process and feed value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages. In exp. 1, we evaluated the fermentation pattern and aerobic stability of TMR silages containing different protein and lipid supplementations. In exp. 2, we compared the performance of finishing beef heifers fed those TMR silages. In both experiments, treatments were as follows: ensiled TMR with urea (U); ensiled TMR without a protein supplement at ensiling, but soybean meal supplemented at feeding to balance diet crude protein (CP) in exp. 2 (SMnf; where the acronym nf indicates nonfermented); ensiled TMR with soybean meal (SM); and ensiled TMR with rolled soybean grain (SG). Thirty-two Nellore heifers (313 ± 8.8 kg shrunk body weight [SBW]) were blocked by initial SBW, housed in individual pens, and enrolled in exp. 2 for 82 d. In exp. 1, treatment without a protein supplement (SMnf) had a lower content of CP, soluble CP, NH3-N, pH, and Clostridium count compared with U (P ≤ 0.03). Lactic acid concentrations tended to be reduced for SMnf compared with U (P = 0.09). Ethanol concentration was reduced in SG compared with SM (P < 0.01). 1,2-Propanediol concentration was increased in SMnf compared with U (P < 0.01), reduced in SM compared with SMnf (P = 0.02), and increased in SG compared with SM (P = 0.02). Dry matter (DM) loss during fermentation was low and similar among treatments (~3.7%). All silages remained stable during 10 d of aerobic exposure after feed out. Considering fermentation traits, such as pH (≤4.72), NH3-N (<10% of N, except for U treatment), butyric acid (<0.05 % DM), and DM losses (<3.70% DM), all silages can be considered well conserved. In exp. 2, diets were isonitrogenous because soybean meal was added to SMnf before feeding. Compared with SM, cattle fed SG made more meals per day (P = 0.04) and tended to have a decreased intermeal interval (P = 0.09). DM intake, average daily gain, final SBW, hot carcass weight, Biceps femoris fat thickness, and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were increased for SG compared with SM (P ≤ 0.05). In brief, TMR silages exhibited an adequate fermentation pattern and high aerobic stability. The supplementation of true protein did not improve animal performance, whereas the addition of soybean grain as a lipid source improved the performance of finishing cattle fed TMR silages. 相似文献
16.
17.
Efficacy of tilmicosin in the control of experimentally induced Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in swine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Marie-Anne Paradis Gordon H. Vessie John K. Merrill C. Paul Dick Camille Moore George Charbonneau M. Gottschalk Janet I. MacInnes Robert Higgins K.R. Mittal C. Girard Jeffery J. Aramini Jeffrey B. Wilson 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(1):7-11
The efficacy of tilmicosin administered in the feed to control Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections in pigs was evaluated through a multisite, multitrial study. For each of 6 trials, 48 pigs (stratified by weight and sex) were randomly assigned to 6 to 8 pens. Medicated feed containing tilmicosin (200 g/t) and unmedicated feed were randomly assigned at the pen level and were provided ad libitum from day −7 to trial termination (day 14). Seeder pigs (inoculated intranasally with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 and showing signs of clinical disease) were introduced to each pen on day 0. Rates of death, gross lesions, and culture of A. pleuropneumoniae at necropsy, clinical scores, average daily gain in weight, and average body temperature were compared between the medicated and unmedicated pigs. Compared with the unmedicated pigs, significantly fewer (P < 0.05) pigs given tilmicosin had lesions typical of A. pleuropneumoniae or had A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from their tissues at necropsy. Together with a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the average percentage of pneumonic lung involvement (both visually and by weight), there were reductions in the numbers of pigs with moderate and severe pneumonic lung lesions and with A. pleuropneumoniae associated mortality. With tilmicosin treatment, the average daily weight gain, daily temperature, abdominal appearance, attitude, and respiration were also significantly better (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate the in vivo effectiveness of tilmicosin (200 g/t) in controlling pleuropneumonia among swine experimentally infected with A. pleuropneumoniae. 相似文献
18.
Michael O Wellington Michael A Bosompem Lucas A Rodrigues Daniel A Columbus 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight, BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during weeks 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until day 77. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On day 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower (P < 0.05) compared with DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall, ADG and ADFI (days 0 to 77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05), with no difference in GF (P > 0.05). Final BW was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs (P < 0.05) compared with CONT and DON1, which were not different (P > 0.05). No significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry (P > 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing > 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake. 相似文献
19.
《动物营养(英文)》2021,7(3):679-687
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flavor on reproductive performance and fecal microbiota of sows during late gestation and lactation. A total of 20 healthy Yorkshire sows were fed a corn-soybean basal diet unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.1% flavor compound from d 90 of gestation to 25 d post-farrowing, and then the piglets were weaned. The reproductive performance and the fecal microbiota of sows were analyzed. Compared with the controls, flavor supplementation in maternal diets increased (P < 0.05) weaning litter weight, litter weight gain, weaning body weight, and average daily gain of piglets. There was a trend of increase in the average daily feed intake of sows (P = 0.09) by maternal dietary flavor addition. The backfat thickness and litter size were not affected by flavor supplementation (P > 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that flavor supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium (P < 0.05), but significantly decreased genera Terrisporobacter, Alloprevotella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Escherichia-shigella (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Phascolarctobacterum was positively correlated with the average daily feed intake of sows (P < 0.05), the litter weight gain and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05). In contrast, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae were negatively correlated with the litter weight gain and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary flavor supplementation improved the reproductive performance of the sows, which was associated with enhanced beneficial microbiota and decreased potentially pathogenic bacteria in the sows. 相似文献
20.
Abiola Olajetemi Akapo Abimbola Oladele Oso Adeyemi Mustapha Bamgbose Kehinde A. Sanwo Adebayo Vincent Jegede Richard Abayomi Sobayo Olusegun Mark Idowu Juexin Fan Lili Li Rotimi A. Olorunsola 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1167-1172
The effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. There were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2?×?2?+?1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). Each treatment was replicated six times with ten birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days. Control-fed birds had the highest overall (P?0.01) final liveweight and weight gain, least (P?0.05) hydrocyanide (HCN) intake and best (P?0.05) feed-to-gain ratio. Chicks fed with control and diet containing 100 g/kg peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) had the least (P?0.05) feed cost per weight gain. Chicks fed with diet containing 100 g/kg cassava root meal had higher (P?0.05) final liveweight and weight gain and reduced (P?0.05) HCN intake than chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg cassava root meal. Dietary inclusion of peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) for broiler chicks resulted in increased final liveweight (P?0.05), weight gain (P?0.01) and feed intake (P?0.01) when compared with birds fed with diet containing unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM). The least (P?0.01) final liveweight and weight gain and worst (P?0.05) feed-to-gain ratio were obtained with chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM. Increased dietary inclusion levels of cassava root resulted in significant increase (P?0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count, heterophil count and serum thiocyanate concentration. In comparison with chicks fed with diet containing UCRM, dietary inclusion of PCRM resulted in increased (P?0.05) red blood cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and reduced (P?0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count and serum thiocyanate concentration. Although inclusion of 100 g/kg PCRM showed some economic sense, dietary inclusion of either peeled or unpeeled cassava root poses a threat on growth and health status of broiler chicks. 相似文献