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1.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the food habits and physical (in)activity patterns and to investigate the relationship with sociodemographic factors among Palestinian adolescents. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The Palestinian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) is a cross-sectional survey of grades 6, 8, 10 and 12. Students completed a modified version of the international HBSC questionnaire. A total of 8885 students were included in this analysis; 53% were from the West Bank and 47% from the Gaza Strip. RESULTS: Adolescents in the West Bank consume more fruit, meat, chicken, sweets and soft drinks, but less vegetables than adolescents in Gaza (P<0.01). Girls reported more daily consumption of fruit, vegetables and sweets than boys (P<0.001), and less consumption of soft drinks, milk, meat and chicken (P<0.01). Boys were physically more active than girls (P<0.01), whereas girls reported doing more homework (P<0.001). Both boys and girls reported less physical activity with increasing age (P<0.001). Consumption of fruit and milk was positively associated with both parents' education, while consumption of meat, chicken and soft drinks was positively associated with mother's education only. Having breakfast on schooldays was positively associated with the father's education. Physical activity and television viewing were associated with the mother's education (P<0.01). The parents' level of education had no effect on vegetable consumption and dieting status. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that there are problems with Palestinian adolescents' eating, dieting and physical activity. Regional, gender and parental socio-economic status differences should be taken into account in developing interventions. More detailed studies are needed with more elaborate instruments about food habits and physical activity of adolescents.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES: To assess overweight and related risk factors among urban low socio-economic status (SES) African-American adolescents in an attempt to study the underlying causes of ethnicity and gender disparities in overweight. METHODS: Cross-sectional data collected on anthropometric measures, diet, physical activity and family characteristics from 498 students in grades 5-7 in four Chicago public schools were analysed to study the risk factors for overweight using stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: Only 37.2% of the students lived with two parents. Nearly 90% had a television (TV) in their bedroom, and had cable TV and a video game system at home. Overall. 21.8% (17.7% boys versus 25.1% girls) were overweight (body mass index (BMI) >/= 95th percentile); and 39.8% had a BMI >/= 85th percentile. Compared with national recommendations, they had inadequate physical activity and less than desirable eating patterns. Only 66.1% reported having at least 20 min vigorous exercise or 30 min of light exercise in >/= 5 days over the past 7 days; 62.1% spent >3 h days- 1 watching TV/playing video games/computer, while 33.1% spent >/= 5 h days- 1. Their vegetable and fruit consumption was low, and they consumed too many fried foods and soft drinks: 55.1% consumed fried food twice or more daily and 19.5% four times or more daily; 70.3% consumed soft drinks twice or more daily and 22.0% four times or more daily on average. Gender, physical activity and pocket money were significant predictors of overweight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Several factors in the students' behaviours, school and family environments may increase overweight risk among this population. There is a great need for health promotion programmes with a focus on healthy weight and lifestyle, and targeting urban low-SES minority communities.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether experienced food insecurity was associated with weight control behaviour of adolescents. DESIGN: A national survey of 16-year-old students with the six-item food security scale, questions concerning intentions of trying to change weight, physical activity patterns, and measurement of height and weight. SETTING: Representative sample of 29 schools in Trinidad, West Indies. SUBJECTS: Data analysed for 1903 subjects including 1484 who were food-secure and 419 who were food-insecure. RESULTS: In the whole sample, food security status did not vary by body mass index (BMI) category. 'Trying to gain weight' and 'spending most free time in activities involving little physical effort' were each associated with lower BMI. 'Trying to gain weight' was more frequent in food-insecure subjects (135, 32%) than in food-secure subjects (369, 25%, P = 0.012). After adjustment for BMI, age, sex, ethnicity and socio-economic variables, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 'trying to gain weight' for food-insecure subjects was 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.82, P = 0.014). Food-insecure subjects (197, 47%) were more likely than food-secure subjects (575, 39%) to report that most of their free time was spent doing things that involved little physical effort (P = 0.003). This association was not explained by adjustment for BMI, age, sex and ethnicity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76, P = 0.002) or additional socio-economic variables (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02-1.57, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who experience food insecurity are more likely to intend to gain weight but engage in less physical activity than food-secure subjects with the same BMI.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents using international and ethnic-specific cut-off points and to examine patterns of physical activity and dietary behaviours. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study. SETTING: Schools on Tongatapu, Vava'u and Hapa'ai islands in the Kingdom of Tonga. SUBJECTS: A total of 443 school students aged 11-16 years underwent anthropometric measures of height and weight and provided self-reported measures of physical activity and dietary behaviours.Results Mean body mass index (BMI) was higher among girls than boys (23.7 kg m(-2) vs. 21.8 kg m(-2) and tended to increase with age. A total of 36.0% of boys and 53.8% of girls were overweight or obese using the international cut-off points, whereas 25.0% of boys and 37.6% of girls were classified in this way using Polynesian-specific cut-off points. Tinned mutton or beef was the food that most participants (56.9%) reported eating once or more per day. Over half of the young people did not eat taro, fruit or vegetables at least once per day. Regular physical activity outside of school hours was reported by 20.7% of respondents, and 58.2% watched 1 h or more of television per day. Physical activity participation was the only behaviour independently associated with a lower risk of overweight or obesity.Conclusions Using Polynesian-specific cut-off points for overweight and obesity the prevalence of these conditions was still among the highest found in adolescents. The prevalence of physical inactivity and poor dietary habits indicate that risk factors for chronic disease are well established during adolescence in Tonga.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families. DESIGN: Case-control study of obese and non-obese adolescents. SETTING: Anthropometric survey including 1420 students (aged 14-19 years) attending a public high school in S?o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Selection of 83 overweight (body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile) and 89 non-overweight (BMI >5th percentile and <85th percentile) subjects, frequency-matched by age, gender, pubertal development and socio-economic status. Among the nutritional, familial and behavioural data available, five covariates (parents' obesity, adolescents' past obesity, to have a best friend, dietary restriction and habit of napping) were included in the fitted hierarchical conditional logistic regression models. MEASUREMENTS: Parents or guardians and adolescents were weighed, measured and answered a pre-tested questionnaire applied by trained nutritionists and paediatricians. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 15.2%. As previous risks, obese parents and obesity during infancy presented odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.23 (1.15-4.35) and 3.60 (1.47-8.80), respectively. As concurrent factors, the habit of napping, to have a best friend and reported dietary restriction presented OR (95% CI) of 3.43 (1.32-8.92), 5.15 (1.76-15.07) and 7.26 (2.95-17.88), respectively. Dietary patterns, frequency of obesogenic foods and other physical activity indicators presented no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In case-control studies, OR may overestimate the true risks. Parents' obesity and previous childhood obesity were identified as risk factors; therefore these factors should be the target for preventive programmes and policies in order to prevent the burden of obesity in the near future.  相似文献   

6.
AimTo investigate the relationship between BMI and blood pressure as this is of crucial interest in evaluating both public health and the clinical impact of the so-called obesity epidemic. METHODS: Data were gathered from 1899 children aged between 6 and 14 years, analysing and evaluating a possible relationship between BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure values for both girls and boys. Each child was classified on the basis of age- and sex-specific BMI percentile as normal weight (<85th percentile), overweight (95th percentile). RESULTS: In comparisons among ageBMI percentile groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher in obese and overweight groups than in normal weight groups for both sexes. Although BMI among girls was higher than among boys in all three percentile groups, there were no significant differences between sexes with respect to blood pressure values.ConclusionThe present findings emphasize the importance of the prevention of obesity in order to prevent future related problems such as hypertension in children and adolescents.  相似文献   

7.
AIM: To investigate the determinants of overweight and obesity among 10- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in a population in the transitional phase in the North West Province of South Africa.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate weight status (anthropometric indicators) and determinants of overweight/obesity including dietary intake, physical activity and socio-economic status. A single, random sample (n=1257), stratified for gender, type of school and ethnic group, was used. Data were collected on demographics, family circumstances, habitual physical activity, dietary intake and anthropometry to evaluate weight status and body fat content. One-way analysis of variance, the generalised linear models procedure of SAS and the Tukey post hoc honest significant difference test were used to analyse the data.RESULTS: Few children were overweight or obese (7.8%) according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) standards (body mass index (BMI)-for-age). These standards were compared with other accepted standard values. Both Cole's IOTF/BMI-for-age standard and the sum of skinfold thicknesses standard classified normal-weight status similarly at a level of 92% (P<0.01) and were found to be useful in determining overweight/obesity. The prevalence rate was higher in females and white children, and was more apparent in urban areas, smaller households and children of parents with low- or high-income occupations. Boys and pre-menarcheal girls had mean body fat percentage in the normal/optimal range, whereas that of post-menarcheal girls was moderately high. Few variables showed a significant association with high body fat percentage: in boys, only the number of members in the household and physical activity levels over the weekend; in girls, only age. The overweight/obese boys mostly lived in smaller households, and the overweight/obese post-menarcheal girls were most inactive on both weekdays and weekends, and more overweight with increasing age.CONCLUSION: Smaller households, inactivity and increasing age for girls were found to be determinants that influence the development of overweight/obesity, while female gender and age post-menarche were identified as determinants of higher body fat content. For overweight/obesity prevention, the focus should be on pre-menarcheal girls, aged 10-13 years, using these determinants to identify overweight/obesity risk. Preventive programmes should aim to increase the physical activity of children to improve their current and future weight status.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity is a growing public health problem. We have examined the association between sociodemographic profile and eating and physical activity patterns with overweight among primary-school students in Athens, Greece. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Eleven primary schools in the greater Athens area, Greece. SUBJECTS: A total of 633 children aged 10-12 years (50 % boys, 50 % girls) were interviewed in person during spring 2003. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between eating and physical activity patterns and overweight (> or =85th sex- and age-specific BMI centile). Results are presented as odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS: Overweight was more common among girls than among boys (OR=1.73; 95% CI 1.11, 2.69) and substantially less common among children born outside Greece (OR=0.46; CI 0.22, 0.95). Reported physical activity (per 1.5 h per day) was unrelated to overweight (OR=0.97; CI 0.85, 1.12) but patent physical inactivity, operationalised as time spent watching television or working/playing with the computer (per 1.5 h per day) was a highly significant predictor of overweight (OR=1.20; CI 1.05, 1.36). Composition of diet was unrelated to overweight but the daily number of eating occasions, controlling for total energy intake, was significantly inversely associated with overweight (OR=0.61; CI 0.48, 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The principal factor underlying overweight among children in Athens appears to be the extended inactivity imposed by modern childhood lifestyles. An intriguing finding is that spreading a given energy intake over several eating occasions was inversely associated with the likelihood of childhood obesity.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVES: To examine if obesity status and socio-economic and lifestyle factors are associated with self-reported past food habit change, and also whether the level of obesity depends on the reason for change. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis within the Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) study using data from the baseline examination and the extensive socio-economic and lifestyle questionnaire including questions of past food habit change. The risk of having changed food habits in the past was examined using logistic regression. Mean differences in obesity status across categories of reasons for past food habit change were examined using analysis of variance. SETTING: Malm?, the third largest city in Sweden. SUBJECTS: A sub-sample (15 282 women and 9867 men) from the MDC cohort recruited from 1992 to 1996. RESULTS: Individuals with body mass index (BMI) >30 kg m(-2) had an increased risk of having reported past food habit change compared with individuals with BMI <25 kg m(-2) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48-1.83 for women; OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.32-1.76 for men). The highest level of obesity was observed among individuals who had changed their diet due to reasons related to the metabolic syndrome. Changers were more likely to be highly educated and to live alone, be retired, ex-smokers and non-drinkers at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Because past food habit change is related to obesity and other lifestyle and socio-economic factors, a complex confounding situation may exist that could seriously influence observed relationships between diet and disease. Studies need to collect information on past food habit change and take this information into account in the analysis and when interpreting study outcomes.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between mental distress, academic performance and regular breakfast consumption across gender and immigration status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. Two four-page questionnaires were filled in during two school sessions. SETTING: All junior high schools in Oslo, Norway using the classroom as the setting for the study. SUBJECTS: All 10th grade students 15-16 years olds in 2000 and 2001. Of 8316 eligible students, 7343 (88.3%) participated in the study. RESULTS: All immigrant groups, except the Western countries group, are skipping breakfast more often than Norwegian students, and girls more often than boys (27 versus 19%). After adjustment for possible confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for being mentally distressed when eating breakfast seldom/never compared with every day was 3.0 (2.0-4.5) for boys, 1.6 (1.2-2.1) for girls and 1.6 (1.5-2.6) for the immigrant group. The comparable OR for having low school grades was similar for boys and girls, 2.0 (1.3-3.0), and 1.6 (1.5-2.6) for the immigrant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Skipping breakfast is a common feature among 10th grade students. The implications of skipping breakfast on mental distress and academic performance are stronger for boys than girls and stronger for Norwegians compared with immigrants.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships of two main physical activity domains (during leisure and at work) with cardiovascular risk factors and eating habits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Preventive medicine centre. SUBJECTS: In 5478 adults (32% women, aged 20-80 years) who consecutively underwent a standardised health examination, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA; i.e. non-sport leisure and sport activities), occupational physical activity (OPA) and eating habits were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. We analysed sex-specific relationships of LTPA and OPA (in quartiles) with (1) various cardiovascular risk factors and (2) eating habits using analysis of variance and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS: In both genders, with and without adjustment for education in addition to age, LTPA was associated negatively with body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides, and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < or = 0.005). OPA adjusted for age only was positively associated with most cardiovascular risk factors but these associations were not significant after further adjustment on education (except for waist circumference in women). Age- and education-adjusted LTPA was associated with increased frequency of consumption of fruits (odds ratio (OR) = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68-2.52 in men; OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.41-2.05 in women) and vegetables (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.48-2.21 in men; OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.66-2.97 in women). CONCLUSIONS: The data emphasise the favourable associations of LTPA, a modifiable behaviour, with various cardiovascular risk factors and healthy eating habits. The results also suggest that the relationships of OPA with cardiovascular risk factors depend, at least in part, on socio-economic status as reflected by educational level.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the differences in macronutrient and food group contribution to total food and energy intakes between Estonian and Swedish under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren, and to estimate the association between diet and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison between Estonian and Swedish children and adolescents of different BMI groups. SETTING: Twenty-five schools from one region in Estonia and 42 in two regions of central Sweden. SUBJECTS: In total 2308 participants (1176 from Estonia and 1132 from Sweden), including 1141 children with a mean age of 9.6 +/- 0.5 years and 1167 adolescents with a mean age of 15.5 +/- 0.6 years. RESULTS: Overweight was more prevalent among younger girls in Sweden (17.0 vs. 8.9%) and underweight among girls of both age groups in Estonia (7.9 vs. 3.5% in younger and 10.5 vs. 5.1% in older age group of girls). Compared with that of normal- and underweight peers, the diet of overweight Estonian children contained more energy as fat (36.8 vs. 31.7%) but less as carbohydrates, and they consumed more milk and meat products. Absolute BMI of Estonian participants was associated positively with energy consumption from eggs and negatively with energy consumption from sweets and sugar. Swedish overweight adolescents tended to consume more energy from protein and milk products. Risk of being overweight was positively associated with total energy intake and energy from fish or meat products. In both countries the association of overweight and biological factors (pubertal maturation, parental BMI) was stronger than with diet. CONCLUSION: The finding that differences in dietary intake between under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren are country-specific suggests that local dietary habits should be considered in intervention projects addressing overweight.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES: To describe patterns of dietary behaviours specific to low quality snacking, fruit and vegetable, and fast food consumption during the transition from childhood to adolescence and to examine how these behaviours are associated with tendencies towards dietary restraint and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in mid-adolescence. DESIGN: A 5-year follow-up of self-reported eating. Hierarchical linear modelling was utilised to explore the relationship between dietary changes and body mass index (BMI) and dietary restraint while controlling for physical activity and smoking. SETTING: The sample was derived from students participating in the Quebec Heart Health Demonstration Project, and represents rural, suburban and inner city youths. SUBJECTS: A sample of 561 girls and 627 boys in the fourth, sixth, seventh and ninth grades. RESULTS: Overall the sample was characterised by a decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption and increase in low quality snacking, and a decrease in fast food consumption over the 5-year follow-up. Dietary restraint and BMI were found to be associated with dietary behaviour. Lower than average dietary restraint was associated with a lower frequency of fast food consumption and greater increase in low quality snacking over the 5-year period. Higher than average dietary restraint was associated with lesser frequency of low quality snacking at baseline. Having a BMI in the obese range was associated with more frequent fast food consumption in the fourth grade and a more rapid drop in fast food consumption across the 5-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary behaviours are associated with the psychological construct dietary restraint and with weight status in this population of adolescents.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationship between family-work conflicts with food habits and physical activity, and whether the relationship is dependent on family structure and work-related factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional postal surveys were carried out in 2001 and 2002 among employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, aged 40-60 years (n = 5346, response rate 66%; for women 70% and for men 60%). Dependent variables in logistic regression analyses were nationally recommended food habits and physical activity. Independent variables were work-family conflicts and family-work conflicts. Covariates included age, marital status, number of children, occupational class, working hours, time travelling to work, and physical and mental work load. RESULTS: Women reporting strong work-family conflicts were more likely to follow recommended food habits (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals 1.49 (1.19-1.86)), but this relationship weakened when adjusting for work-related factors (OR 1.20 (0.93-1.55)). Women and men with strong family-work conflicts were less likely to report recommended food habits after adjusting for family structure and work-related factors (women OR 0.75 (0.61-0.92), men OR 0.57 (0.34-0.96)). Women and men with strong work-family conflicts were less likely to follow the recommended amount of physical activity (women OR 0.76 (0.60-0.96), men OR 0.54 (0.34-0.87)). Additionally, women with strong family-work conflicts were less likely to follow the recommended amount of physical activity (OR 0.77 (0.63-0.94)). Adjusting for family and work-related factors did not affect these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Conflicts between paid work and family life are likely to constitute barriers for a physically active lifestyle and possibly also for healthy food habits. Improving the balance between work and family may provide a route for promoting health-related behaviours.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To explore socio-economic factors associated with rising rates of overweight among Vietnamese adults. DESIGN: The study was based on three national surveys of socio-economic factors and health conducted over a 10-year period. The studies were: the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1992-1993 (11 982 participants); the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1997-1998 (15 975 participants); and the Vietnamese National Health Survey 2001-2002 (94 656 participants). SUBJECTS: Male and female adults >18 years old were stratified by gender, age group, area of residence, occupation, education and relative food expenditures. Overweight was defined using body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg m(-2). RESULTS: Overweight rates in Vietnam more than doubled between 1992 and 2002 (from 2.0 to 5.7%). Significant increases were observed for men and women, in urban and rural areas, and for all age groups. In univariate analyses, both age and higher socio-economic status were associated with higher rates of overweight. Using the most recent survey, urban populations were more likely to be overweight than rural ones (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79), white-collar workers were more likely to be overweight than manual labourers (OR = 1.95) and persons in the top level of food expenditures were more likely to be overweight than persons in the bottom level (OR = 4.96) after adjustment for other factors. Education was inversely associated with overweight after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Economic growth and improved standard of living are associated with higher rates of overweight in nations in early stages of economic development. In Vietnam, higher rates of overweight were observed among the higher income and occupation groups.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a six-item food security scale when self-administered by adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey including the six-item food security measure, socio-economic variables and a food-frequency questionnaire. SETTING: Representative sample of 29 schools in Trinidad. SUBJECTS: In total 1903 students aged approximately 16 years. RESULTS: Item affirmatives ranged from 514 (27%) for the 'balanced meal' item to 128 (7%) for the 'skipped or cut meals often' item and 141 (7%) for the 'hungry' item. Item-score correlations ranged from 0.444 to 0.580. Cronbach's alpha was 0.77. Relative item severities from the Rasch model ranged from -1.622 (standard error 0.043) for the 'balanced meal' item to 1.103 (0.068) for the 'skipped or cut meals often' item and 0.944 (0.062) for the 'hungry' item. The 'hungry' item gave a slightly lower relative severity in boys than girls. Food insecurity was associated with household overcrowding (adjusted odds ratio comparing highest and lowest quartiles 2.61, 95% confidence interval 1.75 to 3.91), lack of pipe-borne water in the home, low paternal education or paternal unemployment. After adjusting for socio-economic variables, food insecurity was associated with less frequent consumption of fruit (0.75, 0.60 to 0.94) or fish (0.72, 0.58 to 0.88) but more frequent consumption of biscuits or cakes (1.47, 1.02 to 2.11). CONCLUSIONS: The food security scale provides a valid, reliable measure in adolescents, although young people report being hungry but not eating relatively more frequently than adults. Food-insecure adolescents have low socio-economic position and may eat less healthy diets.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVES: To describe (1) the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their association with physical activity; (2) the effect of different cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) on weight status categorisation; and (3) associations of weight status with perceptions of body size, health and diet quality. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Secondary schools in Barbados. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 400 schoolchildren, 11-16 years old, selected to study physical education practices. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight (15% boys; 17% girls) and obesity (7% boys; 12% girls) was high. Maternal obesity, as defined by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-off points, predicted weight status such that reporting an obese mother increased the odds of being overweight by 5.25 (95% confidence interval: 2.44, 11.31). Physical activity was inversely associated with weight status; however levels were low. Recreational physical activity was not associated with weight status in either category. Overweight subjects tended to misclassify themselves as normal weight and those who misclassified perceived themselves to be of similar health status to normal-weight subjects. The National Center for Health Statistics and IOTF BMI cut-off points produced different estimates of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that inadequate physical activity and ignorance related to food and appropriate body size are promoting high levels of adiposity with a strong contribution from maternal obesity, which may be explained by perinatal and other intergenerational effects acting on both sexes. Prevalence studies and local proxy tools for adiposity assessment are needed.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: Several environmental factors influence adolescents' food habits and television (TV) viewing is thought to be one of these factors. The purpose of the present study was to describe sociodemographic differences in TV viewing and to examine associations of TV viewing with the consumption of sweets, soft drinks, fruit and vegetables in different countries. METHODS: Data were collected from 162,305 young people completing the 2001/02 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey, a World Health Organization cross-national study on health and health behaviours among 11-, 13- and 15-year-old school pupils. Analyses of variance were used to examine sociodemographic differences in TV viewing and logistic regression analyses to examine associations between TV viewing and food habits. RESULTS: Large differences were found between countries in reported daily TV viewing time, from an average of 2.0 h in Switzerland to 3.7 h in Ukraine. The results indicate that those most likely to watch TV are boys, 13-year-olds and pupils of lower socio-economic status. Those who watched more TV were more likely to consume sweets and soft drinks on a daily basis and less likely to consume fruit and vegetables daily, although the latter associations were not so apparent among Central and Eastern European countries. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high TV viewing rates among adolescents and the association with less healthy food options, many young people are at increased risk of overweight or obesity. Interventions to modify TV viewing behaviour are needed. The findings underscore the importance of tackling socio-economic differences.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether consumption of breakfast cereals is associated with BMI in a sample of Greek adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional health and nutrition survey.Setting and subjectsDuring 200417 years were selected from twelve schools located in Vyronas region (Athens metropolitan area). Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. A semi-quantitative FFQ was applied and multiple logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Overall, 47 % of girls were obese, whereas 192 % of girls were overweight. Only 205 % of girls reported that they consume cereals as a first choice for breakfast. Consumption of breakfast cereals was associated with lower BMI in boys (P = 0019), irrespective of age and physical activity status. More prominent results were observed for daily cereal consumption or for more than two daily servings of cereals consumed for breakfast. Consumption of pre-sweetened breakfast cereals was associated with lower BMI compared with non-pre-sweetened or no intake of cereals, in both genders (P < 0.001). Consumption of breakfast cereals was associated with 33 % (95 % CI 14 %, 48 %) lower likelihood of overweight/obesity, irrespective of age, sex and physical activity status. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of breakfast cereals was associated with lower BMI levels and a lower likelihood of overweight/obesity in both genders; thus a solid basis for public health professionals could be built when issuing advice on weight management.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To describe perceptions of weight of adolescents and associated factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey in 2002. SETTING: Eight public middle schools in two distinct socio-economic areas of Jiangsu Province, China. SUBJECTS: Eight hundred and twenty-four adolescents (aged 12-14 years) and 628 of their parents. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires for students and their parents were used to collect the data. Height and weight of the students were measured. RESULTS: One-third of the girls perceived themselves as overweight, while only 8.9% were actually overweight or obese according to the World Health Organization definition. On the other hand, 15.0% of the girls considered themselves underweight, while 5.6% were underweight according to the definition. Among the boys, one-fifth of those defined as overweight perceived their weight as normal. Furthermore, 23.9% perceived themselves as underweight when in fact only 4.9% were classified as underweight according to the definition. About one-quarter of the students dieted in the past year. Adolescents who perceived themselves to be overweight dieted and skipped breakfast more often. They also had lower intake frequencies of animal foods, Western foods and milk/yoghurt. No disparity was observed in the intake frequency of fruits and vegetables between the groups of different weight perception. Parents' weight norms seemed to favour overweight in both genders, but especially among boys. CONCLUSIONS: Both overweight and underweight concerns were common among girls, while a higher body weight was favoured by normal-weight boys and their parents. Distorted weight perceptions in adolescents, as well as dieting, are problems that need appropriate intervention.  相似文献   

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