共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The infrared absorption properties of lunar rock throughout the range 2 to 2000 micrometers were investigated and, in addition, direct measurements of specific heat and thermal conductivity of rock samples were made. The results suggest that pure radiation is an important, if not dominant, process in heat flow in the lunar surface layer. A new method for determining the mean conductivity of this layer gives somewhat lower values than earlier earth-based measurements. There is also evidence to suggest that, at depths of about 10 meters, the rock is still of a porous and fragmental nature. 相似文献
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The thermal radiation properties were measured for lunar fines and chips from three different lunar rocks. Measurements for the fines were made at atmospheric pressure and at a pressure of 10(-5) torr or lower. The directional reflectance was obtained over a wavelength range of 0.5 to 2.0 microns for angles of incidence up to 60 degrees. The bidirectional reflectance-the distribution of reflected light-was measured for white light angles of illumination up to 60 degrees. The thermal conductivity was measured over a temperature range 200 to 400 degrees K under vacuum conditions. 相似文献
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The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of type C lunar samples returned by Apollo 11 are lower and less dependent on temperature than those of type A samples. The thermal properties of both types are lower than the corresponding properties of normal terrestrial rocks. 相似文献
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Infrared images of the thermal anomaly associated with the lunar crater Tycho were obtained during the lunar night after Tycho had ceased to be illuminated by the Suin for as long as 97 hours. In agreement with results of previous studies, these measurements show that the crater is warmer than its surroundings during the lunar night, and that the temperature of the thermal anomaly gradually decreases with time, being no longer detectable after new moon. This work provides strong evidence that the steeper crater walls facing the Sun before local sunset are warmer throughout the cooling phase, and that the Tycho anomaly is thus produced by solar, rather than internal, heat. 相似文献
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The specific heats of lunar samples 10057 and 10084 returned by the Apollo 11 mission have been measured between 90 and 350 degrees Kelvin by use of an adiabatic calorimeter. The samples are representative of type A vesicular basalt-like rocks and of finely divided lunar soil. The specific heat of these materials changes smoothly from about 0.06 calorie per gram per degree at 90 degrees Kelvin to about 0.2 calorie per gram per degree at 350 degrees Kelvin. The thermal parameter gamma=(kpC-(1/2) for the lunar surface will accordingly vary by a factor of about 2 between lunar noon and midnight. 相似文献
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三倍体毛白杨无性系木材热学性质变异初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
该文对三倍体毛白杨无性系木材的热学性质进行了研究 ,结果表明热学性质在无性系间存在显著差异 .比热系数、导热系数和导温系数的无性系重复力分别为 0 5 9,0 77和 0 6 2 ,表明三倍体毛白杨无性系木材的热学性质受到较强的遗传控制 .热学性质与木材密度呈正相关 ,导热系数与木材密度达到极显著相关 ,木材密度与导热系数、导温系数和比热系数的相关系数分别为 0 810 0 ,0 5 778和 0 0 938. 相似文献
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基于Dickerson的圆筒瞬态热流法原理设计了一种导温系数的测定装置,对不同水分含量特种稻谷的导温系数进行了测定。结果表明,测得在置信度为95%时,导温系数可以表示为(0.184±0.005)μm2/s,且导温系数与含水量线性不相关。 相似文献
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选取砂率、水灰比及油菜秸秆灰分掺量为变量,在保障秸秆灰分混凝土设计强度为C20的条件下,采用稳态平板导热仪测试秸秆灰分混凝土试件的导热系数。结果表明:油菜秸秆灰分混凝土的导热系数与秸秆灰分掺量呈负相关关系,掺入油菜秸秆灰分后,导热系数比不掺秸秆灰分的混凝土试件的降低6.8%~21.0%,秸秆灰分的掺量越多,保温性能越好。当水灰比为0.52、秸秆灰分掺量为5%、砂率为30%时,油菜秸杆灰分混凝土抗压强度达22.8 MPa,并具有良好的保温隔热性能。 相似文献
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A group of experiments was conducted by Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart A. Roosa during the lunar flyback on 7 Fehruary 1971 to obtain information on heat flow and convection in gases and liquids in an environment of less than 10-(6)g gravity. Flow observations and thermal data have shown that: (i) there are, as expected, convective motions caused by surface tension gradients in a plane liquid layer with a free upper surface; (ii) heat flow in enclosed liquids and gases occurs mainly by diffusive heat conduction; and (iii) some convective processes, whose characteristics are not fully known, add to the heat transfer. 相似文献
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海底双重保温管道传热特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用瞬态法测定了使用不同年限的泡沫保温材料整管导热系数,测定结果表明,随着使用时间的延长,保温材料结构收缩,导热系数增大。通过试验确定了双重保温管道环行空间自然充换热在低Ｃｒ．Ｐｒ数下当量导热系数的６计算公式。模拟计算表明,土壤当量导热系数的取值对管道的传热计算影响不大,给出海底双重保温管道总传热系数的计算公式。 相似文献
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Costescu RM Cahill DG Fabreguette FH Sechrist ZA George SM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5660):989-990
Atomic layer deposition and magnetron sputter deposition were used to synthesize thin-film multilayers of W/Al(2)O(3). With individual layers only a few nanometers thick, the high interface density produced a strong impediment to heat transfer, giving rise to a thermal conductivity of approximately 0.6 watts per meter per kelvin. This result suggests that high densities of interfaces between dissimilar materials may provide a route for the production of thermal barriers with ultra-low thermal conductivity. 相似文献
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Wetherill GW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,173(3995):383-392
Considerable information concerning lunar chronology has been obtained by the study of rocks and soil returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. It has been shown that at the time the moon, earth, and solar system were formed, approximately 4.6 approximately 10(9) years ago, a severe chemical fractionation took place, resulting in depletion of relatively volatile elements such as Rb and Pb from the sources of the lunar rocks studied. It is very likely that much of this material was lost to interplanetary space, although some of the loss may be associated with internal chemical differentiation of the moon. It has also been shown that igneous processes have enriched some regions of the moon in lithophile elements such as Rb, U, and Ba, very early in lunar history, within 100 million years of its formation. Subsequent igneous and metamorphic activity occurred over a long period of time; mare volcanism of the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 sites occurred at distinctly different times, 3.6 approximately 10(9) and 3.3 approximately 10(9) years ago, respectively. Consequently, lunar magmatism and remanent magnetism cannot be explained in terms of a unique event, such as a close approach to the earth at a time of lunar capture. It is likely that these phenomena will require explanation in terms of internal lunar processes, operative to a considerable depth in the moon, over a long period of time. These data, together with the low present internal temperatures of the moon, inferred from measurements of lunar electrical conductivity, impose severe constraints on acceptable thermal histories of the moon. Progress is being made toward understanding lunar surface properties by use of the effects of particle bombardment of the lunar surface (solar wind, solar flare particles, galactic cosmic rays). It has been shown that the rate of micrometeorite erosion is very low (angstroms per year) and that lunar rocks and soil have been within approximately a meter of the lunar surface for hundreds of millions of years. Future work will require sampling distinctly different regions of the moon in order to provide data concerning other important lunar events, such as the time of formation of the highland regions and of the mare basins, and of the extent to which lunar volcanism has persisted subsequent to the first third of lunar history. This work will require a sufficient number of Apollo landings, and any further cancellation of Apollo missions will jeopardize this unique opportunity to study the development of a planetary body from its beginning. Such a study is fundamental to our understanding of the earth and other planets. 相似文献
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Infrared images of the lunar eclipse of 13 April 1968 were obtained and compared with infrared images of the 19 December 1964 eclipse. A similarity of apparent strength and distribution of most thermal anomalies on the maria is evident from inspection of these images, indicating that these features are not ephemeral. One new linear thermal anomaly was discovered, which is thermally enhanced during the lunar afternoon. Its close relation to a lunar crustal fracture line and other features of probable internal origin suggests that this anomaly may be of internal origin. 相似文献
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The lunar craters Tycho, Copernicus, and Aristarchus have been observed during lunar night at wavelengths between 3 and 14 microns. After an initial fast decrease to a color temperature of 220 degrees K, the temperature remains nearly constant through the lunar night. The data suggest that these thermal anomalies (craters) contain hot and cold regions with the hot portions constituting 2 to 10 percent of the area and probably thermally connected to a subsurface temperatuer of about 200 degrees K. 相似文献
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[目的]研究自然条件下不同土地类型土壤含水率与热导率的相关性。[方法]选取露天状态下农耕地、裸地、草地、灌木地4种土地利用类型作为供试地块,在0~15 cm深度土层取样,通过烘干法测量土壤含水率,利用非稳态探针热脉冲技术测量土壤热导率。[结果]4种土地利用类型下,土壤含水率变化范围为12.79%~25.08%,土壤热导率的变化范围为0.481~1.291 W/(m·K);农耕地和裸地采样带相邻点间数据的波动性较大,灌木地和草地采样带相邻点间数据的连续性较好。[结论]农耕地、裸地、草地、灌木地4种土地利用类型中,自然状态下的土壤含水率与热导率表现为正相关性关系。 相似文献
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为了研究深水油气管道再启动过程的多相流动和传热规律,结合传热学和多相流理论,建立了深水管道再启动过程数学模型,给出了模型的定解条件和求解方法;利用该模型,仿真模拟了深水管道再启动过程中温度和压力等参数的变化规律;在此基础上对水合物的生成情况进行预测并分析参数敏感性。研究表明：启动流量、绝热层的导热系数和厚度可以明显改变管内流体的温度分布,且启动流量越大、绝热层导热系数越小、厚度越大、管内流体温度越高,生成水合物的风险越小。研究结论可为深水油气管道再启动的安全进行提供理论指导。 相似文献
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Appreciable natural thermoluminescence with glow curve peaks at about 350 degrees centigrade for lunar fines and breccias and above 400 degrees centigrade for crystalline rocks has been recognized in lunar samples. Plagioclase has been identified as the principal carrier of thermoluminescence, and the diference in peak temperatures indicates compositional or structural differences between the feldspars of the different rock types. The present thermoluminescence in the lunar samples is probably the result of a dynamic equilibrium between acquisition from radiation and loss in the lunar thermal environment. A progressive change in the glow curves of core samples with depth below the surface suggests the use of thermoluminescence disequilibrium to detect surfaces buried by recent surface activity, and it also indicates that the lunar diurnal temperature variation penetrates to at least 10.5 centimeters. 相似文献