共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
红螯螯虾输精管的结构及精荚的形成 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用组织学、组织化学和蛋白电泳等多种方法,对红螯螯虾输精管结构和精荚形成进行研究,结果发现,红螯螯虾精荚为一个连续的管状结构,由精子群、精荚基质和精荚壁组成; 精荚壁完全包裹精子,分初级、次级精荚壁2层,初级精荚壁由致密的纤丝组成,包裹精子和精荚基质;次级精荚壁由大小不等的小泡和疏松的纤丝组成,包裹在初级精荚壁之外。红螯螯虾输精管可分为前、中、后输精管。其上皮细胞均具有合成、分泌精荚形成物质的功能。前输精管卷曲段的高柱状上皮,分泌弱嗜酸性丝状分泌物,主要成分为中性粘多糖和蛋白质,形成均匀的初级精荚壁;中输精管的高柱状上皮,成丛状向内腔突起,具有分泌泡,其分泌物为嗜酸性、颗粒状物质,主要成分为酸性粘多糖和蛋白质,形成不均匀,黏性极好的次级精荚壁。后输精管结构较简单,肌层较前两者厚,同时管腔更大,其内精荚结构完整。后输精管与射精管相连处有一狭部,内有瓣膜相隔。射精管肌层厚,上皮明显突起,内无精荚。 相似文献
2.
草虾的成本高,平均每尾亲虾都要100美金左右,且易脱壳。所以一旦没有交配,既使再度成熟,所产的卵亦不能受精,亲虾将成为无用。为了充分利用亲虾,采取人工受精,移植精荚、输精管的办法可提高产卵受精率,借以提高孵化率达到多次利用的目的。 一、雄性生殖器官: 由于要移植精荚、输精管,所以详细介绍一下雄性生殖器官的构造: 1.生殖巢:雄性草虾的生殖巢由精巢、输精管、射精管、贮精荚囊、生殖孔组成。精巢位于头胸甲胃域～心脏域正下方,肠将其分成左右两片,每片8叶,输精管与精巢相连,自左右第4叶精巢下方成急速弯曲,最粗部位直径达3.25毫米突出肝胰脏后方并与之成直角,输精管内充满粘着性分泌物将精子群包围,呈白浊部分为精子群,输精管末端急速呈细管 相似文献
3.
[4]东海三疣梭子蟹精子发生及精荚形成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究东海三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus Miers,1876)雄性群体的性腺发育规律,通过定期采样,运用形态学、组织学方法对东海三疣梭子蟹精子发生及精荚形成过程进行了研究,并结合精小叶生殖节段法对处于不同发育阶段的精巢进行了定性分析.结果表明,三疣梭子蟹精巢属于叶型,由精小叶和精小管组成的叶状管交织而成.精子发生过程与其他高等短尾派蟹类相似,精子成熟后即进入精小管中.输精管可能起源于精小管.三疣梭子蟹精巢和输精管的发育存在一定的年际变化.4-5月份,精巢小叶内精原细胞占优势,输精管内精荚零星分布;6-7月份,精母细胞与精细胞比例增加;8月份精母细胞为主.到了9月份,整个精巢完全被精细胞等发育程度较高的精小叶所占据,输精管内充满精液和精荚,为即将到来的交配季节做好准备.三疣梭子蟹交配活动主要集中在10月份.12月份精巢精小叶中出现游离精子.此后,精巢逐渐退化(1-3月),但输精管中一直储存着精液和精荚.三疣梭子蟹精荚形成过程始于前输精细管,精荚膜两层,分别由来自前输精细管分泌的第一种不定物质和其中、后端分泌的第二种不定物质.精荚内的基质可能直接源于精巢的精小叶部分.输精管中的强嗜酸性颗粒与第二种不定物质有融合作用,使输精管中贮存的精荚膜嗜酸性. 相似文献
4.
刀额新对虾 (Metapenaeusensis)采自福建沿海 ,体长约 14cm。活体解剖、取样、固定 ,于OlympusBH 2显微镜下观察 ,其生殖管道分为前输精管、中输精管、后输精管和端壶腹 4部分。前输精管上皮为单层柱状上皮 ,其分泌物呈嗜碱性 ;中输精管分泌物为嗜酸性 ,前段为高柱状上皮 ,后段则为柱状上皮 ,至后段共出现 2处上皮隆起 ,隆起间为扁平上皮 ;分泌管出现于中输精管前段 ,其分泌物呈嗜酸性 ,开口于中输精管后段 ,分泌物由此处流入中输精管腔 ;后输精管腔结构与中输精管腔相似 ,但管径缩小 ;端壶腹共分 3个腔 ,其中 2个由后输精管腔延续形成 ,精荚 1个。精荚由精子团和精荚壁组成。精荚壁分 2层 ,内层为均匀的嗜碱性初级精荚壁 ,精子团位于初级精荚壁中央 ;外层为次级精荚壁 ,呈嗜酸性 ,略呈“C”形包被于初级精荚壁之外。整个精荚横切面的外形似柳叶状 ,分为光滑区和皱折区 2部分 ,光滑区由次级精荚壁包被 ,皱褶区则为裸露的初级精荚壁。精荚形成于中输精管后段 ,它是由前输精管的嗜碱性分泌物、中输精管嗜酸性分泌物以及分泌管上皮细胞分泌物经复杂的化学变化形成 相似文献
5.
环境条件对中国对虾交尾影响的试验观察↑（*） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报告了在室内条件下中国对虾雄性生殖系统不同部位精子形态、激活反应及外界环境对对虾交尾影响等的试验观察。雄性生殖系统被分为３部分：精巢（Ｔ）、输精管和精荚（ＴＡ）;输精管又分为前、中、后３段,其中的前（ＡＶＤ）、中（ＭＶＤ）、后（ＰＶＤ）３部分以及精巢和精荚被分别匀浆取样镜检,观察精子形态。结果表明：中国对虾雄性精巢、输精管、精荚及雌虾纳精囊内精子的形态、对卵水的激活反应能力有所差异,是一逐渐成熟过程;雄虾具有多次交尾能力,不同环境条件对中国对虾的交尾影响明显;当雌虾比例较高时交尾率也高;不同对虾密度对交尾影响不明显 相似文献
6.
用福林酚法和复性电泳对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)雄性生殖系统的组织蛋白酶(Male Reproductive SystemCathepsin,MRSC)进行了定性和定量分析,以探讨其在雄性生殖系统发育、精荚形成和精子释放过程中的作用.福林酚法测定结果显示:仔虾精巢蛋白酶比活力分别在pH6和pH10时出现2个高峰,而成虾精巢只在pH10时出现1个活力较高的峰.成虾雄性生殖系统的各部分在pH10～12的条件下有较强的蛋白酶比活力,于碱性缓冲液中浸泡有助于其后输精管内含物的溶解.复性电泳分离到4个蛋白酶条带,按分子量从大到小依次为:MRSC-A、MRSC-B、MRSC-C和MRSC-D.MRSC-A和MRSC-D广泛分布于雄性生殖系统各部分,其中MRSC-A为酸性蛋白酶,而MRSC-D是碱性蛋白酶;MRSC-C为酸性蛋白酶,只分布于中输精管;MRSC-B活性受pH值影响不大,仅存在于后输精管.在红螯螯虾雄性生殖系统的不同发育阶段,其组织蛋白酶的组成和活性不同.作为精荚的重要组成成分,组织蛋白酶与精荚排出体外后的硬化有直接关系,并促进随后精荚基质的水解以及精子的释放. 相似文献
7.
通过对红螯螯虾（Cherax quadricarinatus）雄性生殖系统各组织的生化测定和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、延胡索酸还原酶（FR）的活性测定发现，红螯螯虾精荚（含精子）中的糖类和蛋白质含量丰富，分别为18．264和12．846mg／g（FW），总脂含量相对较低，仅为1．613mg／g（FW）；精子（含初级精荚壁）亦以糖类和蛋白质含量较高，分别达到5．227和8．475mg/g（FW），总脂含量因过低而未能测出，但精子的上述物质含量均显著低于精荚。酶活性测定发现，LDH酶活性以精巢、输精管和射精管较高，其中又以前输精管最高，为1426．258U／（g protein），可能与其功能相关；精子和精荚LDH活性极显著低于输精管，含量分别为87．375和36．215U／（g protein），两者间差异显著；FR活性在精荚和精子中较高，两者分别达到19．945和15．732U／（mg protein），显著高于生殖系统其他组织器官，但均未检测到SDH酶活性，故其SDH／FR的比值趋向于0。而生化物质的组织化学以及酶组化定位的结果进一步证实了上述结果。此外，LDH同工酶酶谱结果证实，精荚仅含有一条厌氧型LDHA编码亚基占优势的同工酶谱带。所有实验结果表明，红螯螯虾精子代谢的方式以厌氧型为主，其代谢底物主要为糖类，为厌氧型糖酵解，其代谢底物由次级精荚壁提供。 相似文献
8.
澳洲淡水红螯虾繁殖特性及精荚显微结构的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了澳洲淡水红螯虾的繁殖特性及精荚显微结构，澳洲淡水红螯虾繁殖能力强，最适繁殖温度为２８￣３０℃，雄虾在第五对卡足左部内侧有雄性生殖孔，呈小球状。由雄虾射出的精荚中含有半透明管状结构，内含大量成熟精子，精子有一个椎形的头基部和细长的棘状部，雌雄交配过程是雄虾将成熟精荚射到雌虾蝮面，雌虾在２４ｈ内排卵并行受精。 相似文献
9.
中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖系统生化组成及精子代谢 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
通过对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺及生殖系统各组织生化成分和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的测定发现:总碳水化合物的含量以副性腺及输精管内容物(含精荚和精浆)较高,为33.456mg·g-1湿重和21.537mg·g-1湿重,肝胰腺、精荚及精巢的含量较低;碳水化合物中的糖原和葡萄糖含量分别以输精管内容物和肝胰腺最高,分别为0.385mg·g-1湿重和5.866mg·g-1湿重,精巢和肝胰腺中的糖原含量太低而无法检测到,精荚葡萄糖含量最低;蛋白质含量以肝胰腺最高,其余各部分含量显著低于肝胰腺;脂类含量以精巢和肝胰腺最高,其中的甘油三酯仅存于肝胰腺和精巢,且肝胰腺含量显著高于精巢。乳酸脱氢酶活性以贮精囊最高,精荚仅为中等,这可能与精荚壁的通透性有关,而精浆和肝胰腺显著低于其它组织。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹能量代谢主要物质是脂类和蛋白质;精子代谢的能量物质为碳水化合物,并由精浆提供,而其代谢的方式以厌氧代谢为主。 相似文献
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11.
Several male Penucus stylirostris were selected from a 3 ha commercial earthen pond and were individually evaluated for reproductive performance. Indicators measured were compound spermatophore weight, sperm count, and sperm abnormalities.
It was found that spermatophore quality was significantly better for 30–40 g shrimp than for 20–30 g shrimp ( P < 0.05). The higher frequency of abnormalities measured in younger males and the inverse relationship between abnormalities and sperm count indicate that the vas deferens could be the tissue responsible for producing highly abnormal immature semen. It is proposed that male maturation has at least three independently controlled levels of organization: testes maturation, vas deferens maturation, and spermatophore synthesis.
The individual evaluation showed that each male followed a particular response in reproductive quality. Changes in spermatophore weight were not an indicator of sperm density within spermatophores.
Male reproductive tract degenerative syndrome (MRTDS) and male reproductive system melanization (MRSM) did not develop in any shrimp during these experiments. 相似文献
It was found that spermatophore quality was significantly better for 30–40 g shrimp than for 20–30 g shrimp ( P < 0.05). The higher frequency of abnormalities measured in younger males and the inverse relationship between abnormalities and sperm count indicate that the vas deferens could be the tissue responsible for producing highly abnormal immature semen. It is proposed that male maturation has at least three independently controlled levels of organization: testes maturation, vas deferens maturation, and spermatophore synthesis.
The individual evaluation showed that each male followed a particular response in reproductive quality. Changes in spermatophore weight were not an indicator of sperm density within spermatophores.
Male reproductive tract degenerative syndrome (MRTDS) and male reproductive system melanization (MRSM) did not develop in any shrimp during these experiments. 相似文献
12.
脊尾白虾的性腺发育及组织结构观察 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为系统研究脊尾白虾的性腺发育及组织学特征,采用常规的石蜡切片及H.E染色方法对脊尾白虾的性腺发育及其组织结构进行观察。结果表明,脊尾白虾的雌性生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管及排卵孔组成。卵子发生经历了卵原细胞、卵黄合成前期卵母细胞、内源性卵黄合成期卵母细胞、外源性卵黄合成期卵母细胞,最后发育为成熟的卵母细胞。卵巢发育可分为增殖期、小生长期、大生长期、成熟期及产后恢复期。脊尾白虾雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管及排精孔组成。精巢由生精小管构成,不同生精小管内精子发育可不同步。精子发生经历了精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞,最后发育为精子。输精管可分为前、中、后输精管及末端壶腹,精荚在输精管中形成。 相似文献
13.
中华绒螯蟹精巢发育组织学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验结果表明:中华绒螯蟹精巢由生精小管组成,生精小管一侧为管壁上皮,另一侧为生发区。各个生精小管中生殖细胞发育不同步:同一个生精小管内生殖细胞的成熟方式由近基膜处产生生殖细胞,向管腔推进,最终进入输精小管;不同生精小管生殖细胞由精巢前端顶部开始成熟,沿精巢外侧向后端输精小管方向推移,成熟的精子进入输精小管;取不同发育时期的河蟹,依据河蟹外部形态和精巢形态,组织结构及生精小管内占优势的雄性生殖细胞种类和数量,可以把河蟹精巢发育分为5个时期,即精原细胞期,精母细胞期,精子细胞期,精子期和休止期。 相似文献
14.
Sirinda Aungsuchawan Craig L Browdy Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(2):188-195
Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important species of farmed shrimp. The females have an ‘open’ thelycum. Mating is accomplished by attaching the male spermatophore onto the surface of the thelycum 4–6 h before spawning. During this period, sperm may have to undergo morphological changes associated with a capacitation process that has been described for other shrimp species. The objective of this research was to extend research on sperm capacitation in L. vannamei by ultrastructural and biochemical means. The sperm of L. vannamei were divided into those freshly prepared from the spermatophore (S‐sperm), extracted from the male gonopores, and those extracted from the female thelycum (T‐sperm). Under transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructural differences were detected between the S‐ and the T‐sperm in the nuclear material, the filamentous meshwork and the cytoplasmic particles. Under scanning electron microscopy, the difference was observed in the cap and spike regions. Immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy to detect tyrosine phosphorylated proteins revealed different distribution patterns between S‐ and T‐sperm. The location of phosphorylation activity changed from the spike in S‐sperm, to the filamentous meshwork in the T‐sperm. These morphological and biochemical changes confirm that capacitation of L. vannamei sperm takes place following mating. 相似文献
15.
黑斑口虾蛄雄性生殖系统的组织学与超微结构 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
黑斑口虾蛄雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管、交接器及副性腺组成。精巢呈管状,末段较直,向前逐渐弯曲,在第七、八胸节处盘曲成耳状。输精管管壁有一层上皮细胞,但无肌细胞;输精管为精巢顶端延伸,两者管径大小很接近。交接器位于第八胸节基部,为棒状结构,连接端较软,呈膜状,可自由弯曲;游离端较硬,外有甲壳质。1对雄性副性腺位于第4～7胸节间,呈细丝状,左右末端各与同侧的输精管共同平行注入交接器中。末段精巢腔内充满着不同发育阶段的精细胞,从末段精巢向后、中、前段精巢、输精管及交接器,精细胞逐渐趋向成熟。成熟精细胞呈卵圆形,外围厚膜,大小约8.5μm×7.0μm,无鞭毛,未发现有顶体结构。 相似文献
16.
Boonyarath Pratoomchaat Somkiat Piyatiratitivorakul Piamssak Menasveta Arlo W. Fast 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(4):530-540
Sperm quality, as determined by visual examination and by reaction with “egg-water” was not significantly different (P > 0.05) for sperm obtained by electro-ejaculation from ablated or non-ablated pond-reared Penaeus monodon. Nor was sperm quality different between pond-reared and wild-caught prawns. Normal sperm, determined by appearance, ranged from 17.1 to 21.0%, while reactive sperm ranged from 1.5 to 3.0%. There were, however, significant correlations (P < 0.01) between spermatophore weight and prawn weight (r= 0.73, N= 434). Male prawns weighing 4150 g produced on average spermatophores weighing 22.7 mg and containing 0.8 million sperm, while prawns weighing 61-90 g produced on average spermatophores weighing 56.6 mg with 2.5 million sperm. Ablation did not increase spermatophore size or sperm quality, although it significantly increased mortality of ablated males. Male prawns could be re-ejaculated at about weekly intervals with no change in sperm quality. Wild-caught female prawns artificially inseminated with spermatophores from electro-ejaculated males produced normal spawns with 51% average egg fertilization, and 41% nauplii hatch success. Nauplii hatch success following spawning increased from >60% for newly inseminated females to near zero after 30 days post-insemination, indicating spermatophore depletion and/or deteriorated sperm quality during spermatophore storage in the thelycum. The findings of the present study indicate that electro-ejaculation and artificial insemination are relatively simple and practical methods for improving captive reproduction performance of closed-thelycum prawns such as P. monodon, and that pond-reared and wild-caught males produced sperm of similar quality. 相似文献
17.
Song Jiang Dongliang Liu Falin Zhou Xianbin Mo Qibin Yang Jianhua Huang Lishi Yang Shigui Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2197-2204
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of vitamin E in feed on the spermatophore regeneration and quality of male Penaeus monodon. The experiment was carried out with the four following treatments: the basal diet no added vitamin E, the diet added 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/kg respectively. Spermatophore regeneration and quality were evaluated by spermatophore weight, sperm count and spermatophore absence rates, which male P. monodon were extruded spermatophore for feeding 20 and 40 days. In the experiment, the weight of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group. The weight of the first regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 1,000 mg/kg group was the highest and significantly higher than the control group (p < .05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups with different levels of vitamin E. The weight of the second regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 600 mg/kg group was the highest, followed by 1,000 mg/kg group, both of which were higher than the control group and the addition of 200 mg/kg group. Within the same group, the regeneration spermatophore weight showed overall upward trend as the feeding time, twice regenerate experiment spermatophore weight with added to the vitamin E groups were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but three spermatophore weight of male shrimp at the control group had no significant difference. The sperm quantity and the percentage of normal sperm of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males with added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group, and those of the addition of 200 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of control group (p < .05). The total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp in the experimental group decreased with the increase of vitamin E in the feed. Within the same group, the total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp with added to the vitamin E groups showed overall upward trend as the feeding time and were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but the control group was slightly down and had no significant difference. Comprehensive sperm weight, sperm quantity and living sperm percentage of three indicators, that adding 200 mg/kg of vitamin E in feed could effectively promote the spermatophore regeneration in the male P. monodon and improve the sperm quantity. The experimental results provide a scientific basis for the breeding of P. monodon. 相似文献
18.
Hollow sperm syndrome during spermatogenesis in the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) from eastern Australia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Roger S‐M Chong Jeff A Cowley Brian D Paterson Greg J Coman David L Mann Stuart J Arnold Howard C Prior Andrew T Wood Mohammed J Amigh 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2573-2592
During spermatogenesis, giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) from Queensland, eastern Australia had a high proportion of testicular spermatids that appeared ‘hollow’ because their nuclei were not visible with the haematoxylin and eosin stain. When examined by transmission electron microscopy, the nuclei of hollow spermatids contained highly decondensed chromatin, with large areas missing fibrillar chromatin. Together with hollow spermatids, testicular pale enlarged (PE) spermatids with weakly staining and marginated chromatin were observed. Degenerate‐eosinophilic‐clumped (DEC) spermatids that appeared as aggregated clumps were also present in testes tubules. Among 171 sub‐adult and adult P. monodon examined from several origins, 43% displayed evidence of hollow spermatids in the testes, 33% displayed PE spermatids and 15% displayed DEC spermatids. These abnormal sperm were also found at lower prevalence in the vas deferens and spermatophore. We propose ‘Hollow Sperm Syndrome (HSS)’ to describe this abnormal sperm condition as these morphological aberrations have yet to be described in penaeid shrimp. No specific cause of HSS was confirmed by examining either tank or pond cultured shrimp exposed to various stocking densities, temperatures, salinities, dietary and seasonal factors. Compared with wild broodstock, HSS occurred at higher prevalence and severity among sub‐adults originating from farms, research ponds and tanks. Further studies are required to establish what physiological, hormonal or metabolic processes may cause HSS and whether it compromises the fertility of male P. monodon. 相似文献