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丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)是土壤中一类广泛存在的植物共生真菌,已有研究表明,AMF能够提高植物对重金属的抗逆性和耐受性。该研究从AMF与植物2个方面介绍了相关研究领域的前沿动态,旨在推进AMF促进植物耐受Cd机制的深入研究。在根外,丛枝菌根真菌能够直接吸收、固持Cd,以及改变植物根际的土壤微环境,从而影响Cd的形态和生物活性,增强植物对Cd胁迫的抗性。在根内,丛枝菌根真菌调节植物通过体内螯合、转运以及启动抗氧化防御系统等特定的生理生化过程,减少高浓度Cd对植物的胁迫和伤害。此外,丛枝菌根真菌还能通过促进植物生长来抵御Cd胁迫。 相似文献
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VA菌根对植物有益作用的研究进展及其应用展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌根是自然界中一种普遍的植物共生现象。它是土壤中的菌根真菌与高等植物根系形成的一种共生体。根据菌根形态学及解剖学特征的不同,菌根分为3个主要的类型,即外生菌根、内生菌根及内外生菌根。泡囊丛枝菌根是一种最常见的内生菌根,因其胞内菌丝体呈泡囊状和丛枝状,故称泡囊丛枝菌根(简称VA菌根或VAM)。研究发现,并非所有类型的该类真菌都形成泡囊结构,但都形成丛枝结构。因此,越来越多的研究者将其称为丛枝菌根。VA菌根和世界上90%以上的植物种类都能形成共生体系。大量研究表明,VA菌根真菌能促进宿主对土壤中矿质元素P、N、K、Cu、… 相似文献
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在温室中,研究了盆栽基质接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae对初生(种子播种育苗2个月后的幼苗)枳Poncirus trifoliata生长、菌根侵染、菌丝长度、土壤球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)含量和土壤结构的影响;同时研究了在AM真菌接种和柱花草间作条件下柱花草刈割对初生枳和柱花草生长、菌根侵染、土壤GRSP含量和土壤结构的影响。结果表明,与不接种相比,接种AM真菌显著地促进了初生枳生长,增加了土壤GRSP含量,并且土壤结构也得到改善。在AM真菌接种与柱花草间作的相同条件下,与柱花草未刈割相比,柱花草刈割对初生枳生长、菌根侵染、土壤GRSP含量和土壤结构均无显著性影响,但柱花草未刈割处理的菌丝长度是刈割处理的2.5倍。相关性分析表明,根际土壤大团聚体显著地与菌根侵染率、土壤GRSP含量和菌丝长度正相关,而生草刈割影响了丛枝菌根真菌菌丝长度,可能对土壤结构有不利影响。 相似文献
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以陕西省大柳塔矿采煤沉陷地为试验地,自然状况下接种丛枝菌根真菌,研究了丛枝菌根对沙棘生长及根系发育的影响,并对接菌后根际微环境变化进行了探讨。结果表明:接菌处理植株地上和根系发育生长指标优于不接菌组。接菌后宿主植物与菌根能形成良好的共生关系,根际菌丝密度远高于对照。接种丛枝菌根增加了土壤微生物数量,提高了根际土壤磷酸酶活性,土壤速效养分含量也高于不接菌组。接种菌根对采煤沉陷地土壤具有一定的土壤改良效果,改善了土壤根际微生态环境,取得了较好的生态效益,对当地的生态修复具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying alleviation of salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Zhongzha105) plants were cultivated in soil with 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. Mycorrhization alleviated salt induced reduction of root colonization, growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit fresh weight and fruit yield. The concentrations of P and K were higher in AM compared with nonAM plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions. Na concentration was lower in AM than nonAM plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions. AMF colonization was accompanied by an enhancement of activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of both salt-affected and control plants. In addition, inoculation with AMF caused reduction in MDA content in comparison to salinized plants, indicating lower oxidative damage in the colonized plants. 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验方式,研究玉米秸秆对次生盐渍化土壤微生物、土壤理化性状及番茄生长的影响。结果表明：添加玉米秸秆丰富了盐渍化土壤中微生物数量,盐渍化土壤微生物群落中细菌有效序列数量增多,菌群结构趋于丰富化,主要影响的菌群为肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）、鞘脂单胞菌科（Sphingomonadaceae）和黄单胞菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）。添加玉米秸秆可以改善盐渍化土壤的团聚体结构,显著提高土壤有机质含量;同时加快了设施土壤中矿质元素的释放,碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量均降低。添加玉米秸秆处理的番茄株高、茎粗、光合指标均明显高于对照,产量也显著增加。 相似文献
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土壤未灭菌条件下丛枝菌根对枳实生苗生长和抗旱性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在温室盆栽土壤未灭菌条件下,以枳实生苗[Poncirus trifoliate(L.)Raf.]为试材,研究水分胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae对其生长、可溶性糖含量、水分利用效率和制造1 g干物质用水量的影响。结果表明,在正常水分和水分胁迫条件下,丛枝菌根增加或显著增加枳实生苗的生长量,显著或极显著地提高植株的水分利用效率和叶片、根系内的可溶性糖含量,菌根和水分交互影响根系可溶性糖含量,显著降低制造1 g干物质用水量,节约用水28.4％-31.1％,增强了枳实生苗的抗旱性。 相似文献
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混合接种菌根真菌对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过温室盆栽接种试验,研究了蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystic sinosa)及二者混合接种(分别记为Am、Ss和Am-Ss)对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响.结果表明:丛枝菌根的形成促进了喜树幼苗的生长,菌根幼苗的生物量优于无菌根幼苗,混合接种Am-Ss的菌根幼苗显著高于无菌根幼苗和单接种的菌根幼苗.丛枝菌根形成影响了喜树幼苗的喜树碱代谢,菌根幼苗根、叶片和全株的喜树碱含量均显著高于无菌根幼苗,并且混合接种处理的喜树幼苗喜树碱含量最高. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对香蕉试管苗植株生长和矿质营养吸收的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以Williams香蕉(MusaAAA)试管苗为材料,在温室盆栽条件下研究丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)对香蕉植株矿质营养和营养生长的影响。试验设3个处理,不接种对照和2个菌根接种处理:接种单一菌种Glomusversiform、接种混合菌种G.versiform、G.epigaeam、G.cadedonium。结果表明,香蕉植株的菌根侵染率为22.8%～32.9%;接种AM真菌促进了香蕉植株的营养生长,显著地增加地上部和根系的干重,其菌根依赖性达到30.8%～37.8%,植株的株高、叶片数和叶片长度略有提高;接种单一菌种增加了须根的数量,但2个接种处理均降低须根的长度,使得总根长减少;单一接种剂和混合接种剂分别显著提高植株的P和K含量,2个接种处理都显著地促进了植株对N、P、K的吸收,P增幅最大,为70%～120%,K的增幅次之,为80%左右,N的增幅最小,为40%～60%。结果还表明,混合接种剂的生长促进效果略好于单一接种剂。 相似文献
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Proline and light as quality enhancers of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) grown under saline conditions
Giancarlo Barbieri Antonella BottinoEmilio Di Stasio Simona ValloneAlbino Maggio 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Stress conditions experienced during growth may affect plant responses during post-harvest storage and eventually determine the overall quality of commercial products. In this context, we hypothesized that foliar applications of proline during the growth cycle and light exposure during post-harvest storage could be two important modulators of yield and quality parameters of rocket plants exposed to NaCl stress. Dry matter percentage increased upon NaCl treatment. However, fresh weight loss during storage did not change over time as a consequence of salt stress. High salinity (100 mM NaCl) moderately reduced both leaf nitrate (14%) and nitrite (3%) contents. Lipophilic (LAC) and hydrophilic (HAC) antioxidant activities also decreased by 10% at the highest salinization (average of two growth cycles). In contrast, during storage, LAC decreased whereas HAC increased. Proline applications reduced the leaf nitrate content during storage by 16%, increased carotenoids and chlorophyll contents in salinized plants and also increased the ascorbate leaf concentration in both salinized and non-salinzed plants. Light storage enhanced fresh weight loss in contrast to dark storage. However the exposure to light reduced leaf nitrate levels by 7% (average of two growth cycles) and contributed to maintain high leaf ascorbate concentrations over time. 相似文献
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N. Karagiannidis T. Thomidis D. Lazari E. Panou-Filotheou C. Karagiannidou 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been widely used in agriculture to improve the cultivation of many crops. One of the aims of this study was the isolation and molecular identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from mountain areas of Northern Greece (Ritini Pieria, Elatochori Pieria, Ambelakia Ossa). Only three isolates were obtained; two of Glomus etunicatum and one of G. lamellosum. The second objective of this study was to investigate the effect of these arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the concentration of macro- and micronutrients in tissues, the quantity and quality of essential oils and the growth of oregano and mint plants (two widely used aromatic plants in Greece). It was found that mycorrhizal oregano and mint plants had a higher content of essential oils and nutrient elements, and grew better than non-mycorrhizal plants. In addition, the composition of the essential oil in mycorrhizal plants differed from the oil of non-mycorrhizal plants. These results suggest that the use of mycorrhizal fungi may allow plant growth in low fertility soils, reduce fertilizer inputs and increase aromatic plant production of essential oils, They also indicate that it may be possible to use mycorrhizae to affect the quality of the essential oil produced. 相似文献