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运用酶学原理和流变学理论研究了生漆精制过程.结果表明体系温度、精制时间以及剪切强度对生漆的流变性都有影响.生漆精制时间越长,漆液的黏度越大;温度对漆液流变性的影响复杂,在低温区(T<45.8℃),随温度升高,漆液流动性增大,漆液黏度减小;当温度进一步升高(T>51.3℃),漆液黏度又开始慢慢增大,温度继续升高,黏度又开始降低.在46.8℃时,漆液黏度具有最低黏度;搅拌强度与漆液黏度关系呈曲线变化,在低速搅拌时,漆液黏度随着搅拌速度的增大逐渐降低;在搅拌速度为150r/min时,体系具有最低黏度,随后随着搅拌强度的增大漆液黏度增加. 相似文献
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本文为糠醛连续精制技术的系列报告之一。本研究所采用的流程系在原研究基础上提出的新流程,具有第二代连续精制流程的性质。研究属中间试验性质,在生产规模下进行;研究的主要目的是为了对新流程的可行性及有关技术经济指标进行测定及论证。新流程的主要特点是:①从脱水塔顶馏份水层脱去低沸点杂质并回收糠醛;②连续回收精制塔釜液所含糠醛;③从中和前粗醛水层中回收糠醛;④利用玉米芯为原料生产糠醛时精制塔精馏过程可以省略。测试结果表明新流程在技术上是可行的,较原流程可节约设备投资20.0％及金属材料11.9％。产品质量符合工业糠醛国家标准GB 1926-80所规定的优级品指标。 相似文献
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(Ⅰ)松香衍生物的制造方法(1)松香脂甘油酯的制造方法:将250g 脂松香(酸价170,软化点80℃)置入500ml 的装有搅拌器、温度计、二氧化碳导入管、冷凝器的四口烧瓶中。边通入 CO_2,边用电热装置加热,当温度上升到200℃时,在搅拌的状态下加入硝化甘油30g,继续升 相似文献
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我国已有一些工厂用茶油生产的废弃物——油茶壳作为原料生产糠醛。由于该种原料的特异性,按目前生产上采用的罐式间歇精馏方法精制,其产品很难达到可销售的商品质量标准。 本研究的目的在于采用塔式连续精馏技术精制以提高产品质量。 研究结果表明:油茶壳糠醛通过连续精馏,其产品质量可以达到国家标准工业糠醛(GB1926-80)的指标,优于间歇精馏产品。 通过色谱及气质联用分析,发现油茶壳糠醛的低沸点及高沸点杂质,在数量上及品种上均较玉米芯糠醛(优级品)为高。其中有些杂质,如顺-甲基丙烯基酮、2-呋喃酮、2-甲基吠喃及3-甲基呋喃等,在用其它原料生产的糠醛中尚属少见。 相似文献
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以富马酸和季戊四醇对松香进行改性,生产富马酸改性松香季戊四醇酯,研究温度、时间、原辅料配比等因素分别对富马酸改性松香和富马酸改性松香季戊四醇酯合成的影响,结果表明反应温度为195℃、反应时间4 h、富马酸加入量为松香的6%,为富马酸与松香的D-A加成反应的最佳条件;富马酸改性松香与季戊四醇酯化反应最优条件为:温度为270℃,反应时间8.5 h,季戊四醇加入的量为富马酸改性松香的14%。本研究工艺无需催化剂就能实现富马酸松香季戊四醇酯的合成,扩大稳定性试验表明反应得率91.3%,产品软化点125.5℃,酸值11.8 mg KOH/g。 相似文献
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复合添加剂在优质松香酯生产中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用添加复合添加剂的方法改进松香酯的工业生产。测试结果表明，该产品的色泽比国家标准为浅，在耐热和抗氧化性等方面也有所提高，产品的综合性能达到国际同类产品的水平。 相似文献
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以汽油-硫酸法生产聚合松香的方法和工艺对马尾松、洪都拉斯加勒比松、云南松/思茅松、湿地松、南亚松的松香进行聚合松香聚合性能试验.结果表明,洪都拉斯加勒比松松香与马尾松松香具有同样好的聚合性能,云南松/思茅松较马尾松松香得率稍低,湿地松、南亚松松香不适合于生产聚合松香. 相似文献
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聚松香丙烯醇酯及其氧化物的合成及表征(Ⅰ)——微波加热法合成聚松香丙烯醇酯 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用微波加热和常规加热方法聚合得到聚松香丙烯醇酯,分别对聚合物进行了红外、紫外、软化点和热失重分析。结果表明,微波加热聚合得到聚松香丙烯醇酯具有交联结构,松香的共轭双键参与了反应,软化点在300℃以上,微波加热反应的聚松香丙烯醇酯的相对分子质量在29 305以上,常规加热方法聚合得到聚松香丙烯醇酯相对分子质量在3 910以上,常规加热方法聚合时加入交联剂后得到的聚合物,相对分子质量在9 729以上,聚合物中残留有更多的双键,聚合物的热稳定性减弱。采用微波加热合成聚松香丙烯醇酯快速简便,聚合物性能优于常规方法。 相似文献
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The mechanism of rosin size retention in rosin soap size-alum systems was studied on the basis of sizing behavior and the rosin size and aluminum contents of handsheets prepared under normal and particular conditions. Rosin size, aluminum, and calcium contents of handsheets prepared with various stirring times of pulp suspensions after pH adjustment suggested that rosin size components adsorbed on pulp fibers predominantly have the structure of free rosin acid rather than rosin aluminum or calcium salt. When a carboxyl group-blocked pulp was used, the rosin size content clearly decreased. This result shows that pulp carboxyl groups play a significant role in rosin size retention. Electrostatic interactions between dissociated carboxyl groups of pulps and anionic rosin size components through cationic aluminum compounds must be present in pulp suspensions. On the other hand, nonionic interactions in pulp suspensions, which occur particularly around pH 6.2–6.5, may also contribute to rosin size retention and appearance of sizing features. When the carboxyl group blocked pulp was used, some rosin size components were retained in the handsheets in largely coagulated form, resulting in no or quite low sizing levels, when the handsheets were dried at 20°C.This research was presented in part at the 64th pulp and paper research conference of Japan TAPPI, Tokyo, June 1997 相似文献
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Preparation and sizing mechanisms of neutral rosin size II: functions of rosin derivatives on sizing efficiency 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four rosin derivatives, including rosin esters and rosinamides, were synthesized and used to prepare neutral rosin sizes. Their effects during sizing are discussed in detail. Compared to natural rosin, the rosin derivatives had nearly no effect on sizing even at high retention levels in paper. However, the rosin derivatives in the rosin sizes improved the stability of the emulsion size particles, and there was good correlation between the sizing effect and the stability of the emulsion sizes under neutral to alkaline conditions. On the other hand, the structure of the rosin derivatives significantly influenced the stability and sizing effect of the neutral rosin sizes. In particular, for glycerin rosin ester-rosin sizes, the emulsion stability and sizing effect increased with an increasing proportion of dirosinate, among the glycerin rosin esters. Consequently, it was suggested that the rosin derivatives hardly contribute to the sizing performance of paper but predominantly function to stabilize the neutral rosin size particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the size under neutral to alkaline sizing conditions. Also it was supposed that glycerol dirosinate in the neutral rosin size would probably enable formation of a more stable particle structure to prevent the destructive action of the OH– ion.This research was presented in part at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998 相似文献