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1.
玉米套作大豆模式复合群体高产高效优化配置技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用大豆品种南豆12,在玉米套作大豆模式下,对影响玉米套作大豆复合群体产量效益的带宽比、播期、群体配置3个主要因子进行了试验研究。结果表明:以玉米窄行40 cm、宽行160 cm为玉米套作大豆最优带宽配置;在与早熟和中熟玉米套作时,6月18日是南豆12获得高产的最适播期,与迟熟玉米套作时,6月26日是南豆12获得高产的最适播期,玉米套作南豆12的适宜播种期以玉豆共生期控制在42 d以内为宜;玉米6万株.hm-2、大豆9.9万株.hm-2是玉豆两季作物双高产高效的最优复合群体配置。 相似文献
2.
试验研究了春大豆在与小麦套种模式下.品种和密度二因素对大豆产量的影响.结果表明:品种之间的产量差异极显著.晋豆19号品种的产量均高于承豆6号、晋豆42号两个品种.品种与密度间除了简单效应累加外,还存在互作效应.在套作条件下,晋豆19号在播种密度1.21万株/667m2时,产量最高,密度在1.0万株/667m2时,产量次之;晋豆42号在密度1.42万株/667m2时,产量位居第三;承豆6号在密度1.00万株/667m2时.产量为223.22 kg/667m2,位居第四. 相似文献
3.
玉/豆套作模式下玉米播期与密度对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为完善"麦/玉/豆"新三熟模式的配套栽培技术,寻求玉豆套作体系下获取玉米、大豆共同高产的最佳玉米播期和密度;通过大田试验,采用玉米播期与密度二因素裂区设计,研究了不同玉米群体对玉/豆模式下大豆农艺性状及产量的影响.结果表明:玉米适当晚播(3月26日～4月5日)和密植(4.8～6万株·hm-2)有利于玉米产量的提高;玉米早播(3月6日)与稀植(3.6万株·hm-2)能降低大豆株高、增加茎粗、缩短结荚高度、增加分枝数,提高20 cm～60 cm层分枝荚数、粒数和60 cm以上层主茎英数与粒数,比晚播(4月15日)处理增产40.42%,比高密度(6万株·hm-2)处理增产35.79%;玉米适当早播(3月6日～3月26日)和适度密植(4.8万株·hm-2)有利于玉豆套作体系总产量和总产值的提高. 相似文献
4.
播期及密度对不同大豆品种农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
田间条件下,以合农60(有限),垦丰16(亚有限)和合丰55(无限)3个大豆品种为试材,采用再裂区试验设计,探讨播期、品种和密度对不同大豆品种农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:播期显著影响大豆产量;播期和密度互作、品种和密度互作以及播期、品种和密度互作对大豆产量均产生影响,达到极显著水平。3个大豆品种在铁岭地区适宜播期为5月4日,在此播期下,合农60在密度45万株·hm~(-2)时产量最高,为1 810.5 kg·hm~(-2);而垦丰16和合丰55均在30万株·hm~(-2)时产量最高,分别为1 721.55和1 678.95 kg·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
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不同品种及播期对丘区套作大豆产量的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
在"麦/玉/豆"模式下,研究了不同品种与播期对丘区套作大豆产量的影响.结果表明,品种间产量差异极显著,以晚熟品种(贡选1号)的产量最高,达1375.11 kg/hm2,中熟品种(乐豆1号)次之,早熟品种(浙春3号)最低.与早中熟品种比较,晚熟品种表现为营养生长期较长,与玉米的生殖共生期为零,植株较高,茎粗增加0.13～0.16 cm,分枝多0.38～0.89个,主茎节数多4.47～7.12个,单株有效荚数、每荚粒数极显著高于早中熟品种,适合套作.播期间产量也有差异,以播期6月7日的产量最高.品种不同,表现略有差异.中晚熟品种的适宜播期为6月7日,表现为单株荚数、荚粒数较高;早熟品种以6月14日的产量较高,表现为单株荚数、荚粒数和百粒重较高. 相似文献
7.
栽培因子对大豆生长发育及群体产量的影响Ⅰ. 播期、密度、行株距(配置方式)对产量的影响 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18
通过5年10项次的系列试验,研究了影响大豆产量的栽培因子的单因素、多因素对大豆器官生长发育和群体产量的影响,分析了栽培因子的实施效应。播期、密度、行株距配置试验研究结果表明:一般夏大豆品种较早播种,生长稳健,分枝、有效荚数和单株粒重增加,有利于高产;不同株型类型品种的适宜密度有显著差异,主茎型>分枝紧凑型>分枝松散型,在适宜密度条件下均可达到较高产量水平;缩小行距,有利于增加群体数量,叶面积指数增加;适当增加株距,有利于改善单株生育状况和后期透光条件,提高单株生产力。因此,夏大豆产区实现田间最佳分布措施是缩小行距,扩大株距。 相似文献
8.
为明确内蒙古2 500℃以上有效积温区不同播期适宜种植的大豆品种及种植密度,本文以MG000、MG00、MG0、MGⅠ生育期组大豆品种为试验材料,开展不同播期、密度试验,通过产量特征分析,确定各生育期组品种的适宜播种期及种植密度。结果表明:MG000组品种适宜作救灾播种品种,适宜生育日数为85~90 d,最佳种植密度在24万~30万株·hm~(-2),叶面积指数范围为2.0~2.2;MG00和MG0组品种适宜晚播,适宜生育日数为90~100 d,最佳种植密度24万~30万株·hm~(-2),叶面积指数范围分别为2.3~2.7、2.8~3.1;MGⅠ组品种种植应适时晚播,适宜生育日数为100~110 d,最佳种植密度21万~24万株·hm~(-2),叶面积指数范围为3.0~3.3。 相似文献
9.
栽培措施对高蛋白大豆产量及品质的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在密度、施肥水平、品种、播期四因素四水平正交试验中,高蛋白大豆的叶面积指数和光合势随着密度和施肥水平的升高呈上升趋势,随着播期的延迟而升高;叶绿素含量则随着密度的升高而降低,随着施肥水平的升高和播期的延迟而升高;影响产量的主要因素是播期和肥料,适当晚播能提高大豆产量;影响高蛋白大豆品质的主要因素是品种自身的遗传因素,其次是肥料。试验结果表明,农大35307的叶面积指数、叶绿素和光合势最高,四个品种的产量差异不显著,农大3191和农大35307的蛋白质含量是较高的。农大35318在密度为29.85万株/hm2、肥料为74.63 kg/hm2、5月11日播种的情况下产量最高,达5572.14 kg/hm2;农大3191在密度为29.85万株/hm2、不施肥,5月6日播种的情况下蛋白质含量最高。说明高蛋白大豆品质主要受遗传因素影响,同时环境因素也很重要,产量受环境影响较大。 相似文献
10.
为了明确南方双季糯高粱与大豆间作模式下最优群体配置结构,以常规双季糯高粱国窖红1号和大豆品种南豆12为试验材料,比较分析糯高粱和大豆不同密度配置对作物主要农艺性状、产量构成因素、产量及效益的影响。结果表明:同一大豆密度下,随糯高粱密度的增加,两季糯高粱株高均增加,穗长、千粒重、穗粒重降低,产量表现为先增后减;随两作物密度的增加,大豆株高、底荚高度增加,有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数和百粒重降低,产量先增加后降低;糯高粱总产以高粱9万株·hm-2、大豆9万株·hm-2密度处理最高,达8 701.39 kg·hm-2;大豆产量以糯高粱7.5万株·hm-2、大豆10.5万株·hm-2密度处理最高,达1 875 kg·hm-2;两季作物总产量、总产值、净收益、产投比均以糯高粱9万株·hm-2、大豆密度10.5万株·hm-2密度处理最高,分别为10 097.22 kg·hm-2、46 511.1元·hm-2、29 193.6 kg·hm-2、2.69。双季糯高粱、大豆1.8 m开厢,"2∶2"间作模式下,国窖红1号、南豆12密度分别为9万和12万株·hm-2是常规双季糯高粱、大豆高产高效最优群体配置结构。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献