共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 76 毫秒
1.
利用菜用大豆品种(系)中科毛豆1号和品系121,在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上,进行不施钾(K0),种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)(K1),种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)+叶面喷施钾肥(K2)3种施钾处理,探究菜用大豆开花后28~56 d内茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮、籽粒中钾素积累动态。结果表明:相同时期不同部位钾素积累均为K2K1K0,各部位钾的相对积累量为籽粒荚皮叶片叶柄茎。同时发现,菜用大豆茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮中钾积累量均随着生育进程逐渐下降,而籽粒中钾素的积累在开花后28~42 d下降,42~49 d升高,随后略有降低。施用钾肥增加了菜用大豆植株各部位的钾积累量,施钾叶面肥可进一步增加钾积累量。 相似文献
2.
钾素营养充足,可以提高作物抗逆能力和产量。随着氮、磷肥在生产中施用的增加,钾肥已逐渐成为作物产量的最大限制因子。大豆开花后籽粒形成期是大豆氮素积累、产量提高的重要时期,文章对钾肥施用后菜用大豆和普通大豆两者开花后氮素的积累进行了比较研究。在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上,设置3种施钾处理:不施钾(K0)、种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)(K1)、种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)且在花、荚期喷施30 kg·hm~(-2)叶面钾肥(K2),探究菜用大豆、普通大豆开花后28~56 d内籽粒、叶片、茎中氮素积累动态。结果表明:施用钾肥增进两种类型大豆植株各部位中氮素积累。同时期内,两种类型大豆在各施肥处理下各部位的氮素积累量均为K2K1K0,大豆植株各部位中相对氮素累积量均为籽粒叶片茎。钾肥施用对提高菜用大豆籽粒氮素含量的效应高于普通大豆,与K0相比,K2处理下菜用大豆、普通大豆籽粒平均氮素含量分别增加了0.19%和0.1%。施用钾肥提高了菜用大豆叶片氮素转移效率,相比K0处理,K1、K2处理分别增加了6.1%、8.2%,而对普通大豆影响不大。钾肥施用显著增加普通大豆茎中氮素积累,但菜用大豆品种间差异较大。 相似文献
3.
菜用大豆和普通大豆叶片内源激素活性对钾素营养响应的差异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以菜用大豆品系121、中科毛豆1号和普通大豆东生7号为材料,采用酶联免疫吸附法,在正常施用氮肥和磷肥的基础上,施用不同的钾肥(K0:不施钾肥;K1:K_2SO_4120 kg·hm~(-2);K2:K_2SO_4120 kg·hm~(-2)并在花期和荚期喷施1%K_2SO_4叶面肥),研究了菜用大豆与普通大豆籽粒形成期叶片中内源激素的活性变化,结果表明:开花后28~56 d菜用大豆和普通大豆叶片中内源激素IAA、GA、ZR和ABA的变化动态差异明显,其中GA和ZR的变化动态趋势相反。施用钾肥提高菜用大豆叶片中IAA、GA和ZR的含量(K2K1K0),降低ABA的含量(K0K1K2),普通大豆叶片中IAA、GA和ZR的含量对钾肥施用的响应与菜用大豆不同(K1K2K0),但是钾肥施用对菜用大豆和普通大豆叶片中ABA含量的影响一致(K0K1K2)。施钾提高了菜用大豆和普通大豆籽粒形成期叶片中IAA/ABA,GA/ABA和ZR/ABA的比值,可能是提高大豆产量和改善品质的部分生理机制。 相似文献
4.
以2个菜用大豆为材料,在正常氮磷肥基础上,设置4个水平钾肥施用量作为种肥,并分别在大豆开花期和结荚期喷施30 kg·hm-2 K2SO4,研究了钾肥对菜用大豆叶片叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明:钾肥作种肥能显著增加生殖生长期菜用大豆叶片叶绿素含量,2个品种叶绿素总含量均在钾肥施用量120 kg·hm-2时最高.与不施钾肥处理相比,在盛花期、结荚期和鼓粒期,中科毛豆1号叶绿素总含量分别增加9.1％、22.7％和13.0％,品系121分别增加33.3％、17.4％和13.0％.钾肥施用量120 kg·hm-2时,结荚期叶绿素a含量明显增加,并显著提高了叶绿素a/b比值.叶面喷施K2SO4能显著提高菜用大豆叶绿素总量.相同种肥水平下,叶喷钾肥总体上明显增加开花期和结荚期的叶绿素含量,叶绿素a含量,但对鼓粒期叶绿素含量无显著影响. 相似文献
5.
钾肥运筹对砂质潮土冬小麦产量、品质及土壤钾素平衡的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给黄淮海地区冬小麦合理施用钾肥提供依据,在砂质潮土上设置田间试验,研究了施钾量与钾肥运筹方式对冬小麦产量、品质及土壤钾素平衡的影响.结果表明,在作基肥一次施用情况下,钾肥不同用量的增产、增收效应以施钾(K2O)150 kg·ha-1时最佳;随着钾肥用量的增加,籽粒蛋白质含量、支链淀粉含量呈增加的趋势,直/支比呈降低的趋势;随着钾肥用量的增加,土壤速效钾含量和植株钾素积累量均升高,要保持土壤速效钾平衡,钾肥用量应达150 kg·ha-1以上.在相同施钾水平下,分次施钾的增产、增收效应、钾肥利用率均显著高于一次基施肥处理;分次施钾处理的籽粒蛋白质含量、直/支比低于钾肥一次基施的处理,籽粒支链淀粉含量则相反,但两处理之间上述指标的差异均未达显著水平.从钾肥的增产、增收效应,以及冬小麦对钾肥利用率、土壤钾素平衡的影响等方面综合分析,以施钾量150 kg·ha-1分次施用(5∶5)时效果最好,与不施钾处理相比可增产1 225.23 kg·ha-1,每公斤K2O增产8.17 kg,增收930.24 元·ha-1,钾肥利用率为53.4%,并能够实现土壤速效钾的收支平衡. 相似文献
6.
7.
为给砂质潮土小麦生产中合理施钾提供理论依据,在河南省新郑砂质潮土上设置0kg·hm-2(K0)、60kg·hm-2(K1)、120kg·hm-2(K2)、180kg·hm-2(K3)和300kg·hm-2(K4)5个施钾(K2O)水平,以小麦品种矮抗58和豫农035为材料,研究了钾肥对不同小麦品种籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、氮钾养分累积、钾肥利用率等指标的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加,冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中矮抗58和豫农035籽粒产量分别在K2、K3时达到最高;钾肥农学效率随着施钾量的增加而降低,在施钾量低于K3时,矮抗58的钾肥农学效率显著高于豫农035;施钾可促进两个品种对氮和钾的吸收,其中矮抗58、豫农035氮素积累量分别于K2、K3下达到最大,钾素积累量均在K3下最大,同一施钾处理下矮抗58的吸氮量、吸钾量明显高于豫农035;两个品种的钾肥利用率均以K1处理最高,在施钾量低于K3时,矮抗58的钾肥利用率显著高于豫农035。在本试验条件下,矮抗58对钾肥反应优于豫农035,适宜在砂质潮土条件下推广应用,推荐施钾量为120kg·hm-2。 相似文献
8.
为研究大豆叶面氮素吸收与分配规律,以黑龙江省三江平原大豆主栽品种合丰48为试验材料,采用15N示踪法在大豆R5期进行叶面施氮,研究大豆不同器官对氮素吸收与分配情况。结果表明:不同施氮处理条件下,以4.5kg·hm-2(N3)处理大豆各器官干物质量及氮素积累量显著高于其它处理,其中籽粒干物重23.2 g,总干物重73.9 g,分别较不施氮处理(N0)高7.91%和14.93%;籽粒氮素单株积累量为137.2 g,较不施氮处理(N0)高13.11%。同一施氮水平下,大豆不同器官15N积累量为籽粒茎叶荚皮叶柄根,差异达到显著水平。不同施氮处理下,各器官15N积累量随着施氮量的增加而增加,在4.5 kg·hm-2(N3)条件下最高,籽粒单株积累量为8.32 mg。15N在各器官的分配比例与积累量总体趋势一致,不同施氮量间无明显相关性。 相似文献
9.
采用盆栽试验,设置了不同梯度的麻渣配施化学钾肥处理,并测定了剑麻的生长指标和叶绿素荧光参数。结果显示:与不施用钾肥处理(NP)相比,施用化学钾(NP+K)和麻渣(NP+ST)2处理对剑麻叶片宽度、单叶生物量、增叶数、总叶片生物量有显著的影响。施用麻渣处理(NP+ST)和施用化学钾肥处理(NP+K)对剑麻生长指标没有显著差异。麻渣的某些养分元素对提高剑麻叶片的叶绿素含量有显著效果。施麻渣配施1/2化学钾肥处理(NP+ST+1/2K)具有最大的光能转化效率和最强的耐受性,显著提高了剑麻的生物量;在当前钾肥推荐用量[100 g/(株·年)]下,施用麻渣可以节省一半的化学钾肥用量[50 g/(株·年)]。麻渣配施1/2化学钾肥处理(NP+ST+1/2K)对剑麻具有最大的光能转化效率和最佳的生长效果。建议在剑麻大田生产中,施足麻渣有机肥,配施化学钾肥推荐用量的50%,即50 g/(株·年)。 相似文献
10.
覆膜与钾肥互作对油葵产量和钾肥利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获得半干旱区油葵高产高效的最佳栽培措施，2015-2017年以油用向日葵（陇葵杂3号）为材料，研究3个覆膜栽培条件及4个钾肥水平条件下的油葵产量和钾肥利用效率。3个栽培模式分别为露地、全膜双垄沟播、全膜双垄沟播+补灌。4个钾肥水平分别为0、48、84和120kg/hm2。调查籽粒产量和干物质积累，计算钾肥吸收利用，结果表明：覆膜与钾肥互作显著影响籽粒产量、干物质积累和钾肥利用效率，且两者互作效应显著；栽培方式对上述三者的影响均表现为全膜双垄沟播+补灌＞全膜双垄沟播＞露地，且差异显著；与露地相比，全膜双垄沟播+补灌和全膜双垄沟播处理油葵籽粒产量、钾肥利用效率分别显著提高了170.1%和103.9%、184.3%和143.7%。各施钾处理籽粒产量和器官干物质积累量均显著高于不施钾，表现为K120＞K84＞K48＞K0，施钾处理间除120与K84外，籽粒产量和干物质积累量差异显著。钾肥偏生产力随施钾量的增加而下降，钾肥农学效率和钾肥利用效率则先升高后降低，以84kg/hm2时钾肥农学效率和钾肥利用效率最大。油葵产量与钾肥农学效率和利用效率协同提高。综上认为，在本试验条件下，全膜双垄沟播栽培和施钾量为84kg/hm2是半干旱区油葵适宜种植模式，且补灌效果明显。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献