共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 118 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉病菌抗病性测定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用下胚轴伤口接种方法,用混合菌种测定80份大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉病菌的抗病性;同时测定69份大豆种质对大豆疫霉病菌7个生理小种的抗性谱。在重复测定中表现抗病的材料有6份,占供试材料的7.5%;表现中抗的材料12份,占供试材料的15%;感病材料为62份,占供试材料的77.5%。对大豆疫霉病菌7个生理小种(1、3、9、11、17、21、24)全抗的材料有12份,占供试材料的17.4%;对七个生理小种(1、3、9、11、17、21、24)表现中等抗性的有4份,占供试材料的5.8%;1份材料对1号、9号、11号、24号表现中等抗性,占供试材料的1.5%;无论在混合菌种和分生理小种测定中,在相同的材料上抗性反应是一致的。 相似文献
4.
栽培大豆种质资源对大豆菌核病的抗性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用离体叶柄接种法鉴定了200份栽培大豆高世代品系对大豆菌核病菌株Jia30和Jian29的抗感反应.结果表明:在所有的参鉴材料中没有发现免疫类型,但各品系间抗性有一定的差异.供试200个品系中既表现抗Jia30菌株义表现抗Jian29菌株的材料占供试材料的2%;抗Jia30菌株的材料占3%;抗Jian29菌株的材料占5%,根据抗性资源筛选结果,这些抗性材料可合理地用于大豆生产,并为大豆抗病育种亲本选择和利用品种布局进行大豆菌核病生态控制提供了依据. 相似文献
5.
由大豆疫霉菌引起的大豆疫霉根腐病是严重影响大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一。防治该病经济有效的方法是抗病育种，而抗性资源筛选又是抗病育种的基础。采用下胚轴伤口接种法，用黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌的1号优势生理小种对来自黑龙江、吉林、河南、内蒙古、辽宁、湖北、四川、河北、陕西、中国农业科学院的536份栽培大豆材料（其中农家品种280份、其它大豆品种256份）进行抗性鉴定，抗病的152份，占28．39，6，中间类型的135份，占25．29，6，感病的249份，占46．59／6。280份农家品种中，抗病的有89份，占农家品种的32％，这说明农家大豆品种资源抗性比例较高。种皮色或种脐色为黄色或褐色的材料中抗性种质较多。 相似文献
6.
采用下胚轴伤口接种法,用在黑龙江省建三江农场分离到的大豆疫霉菌3号生理小种对292份栽培大豆材料(其中农家品种153份、其它大豆栽培品种139份)和236份野生大豆材料进行了抗性鉴定。结果表明:栽培大豆资源抗病80份,占27.4%,中间类型93份,占31.8%,感病119份,占40.8%。153份农家品种中,抗病的有49份,占农家品种的32.0%,表明农家大豆品种资源抗性比例较高。野生大豆资源中抗病的有49份,占20.8%;中间类型55份,占23.3%;感病132份,占55.9%。鉴定的这些高抗资源可为我国大豆抗疫霉根腐病育种奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
大豆种质资源对东北SMV1号和3号株系的抗性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用556份大豆种质资源为供试材料,在2006和2007年连续两年分别接种SMV1号和3号株系,对其成株抗性和种粒斑驳抗性均进行了鉴定。结果表明,接种1号株系的成株抗病资源446份,占80.2%;抗种粒斑驳资源107份,占19.2%;对成株和种粒斑驳均表现抗性的资源103份,占18.5%。接种３号株系的成株抗病资源151份,占27.2%;抗种粒斑驳资源87份,占15.7%;对成株和种粒斑驳均表现为抗性的资源76份,占13.7%。对1号和3号株系,在成株和种粒抗性上均表现抗病的资源69份,占12.4%。以上资源特别是兼抗资源在大豆生产和抗病育种中应予以重视。研究还显示,来自辽宁和吉林的供试资源对1号和3号株系的成株和种粒抗性均较好;来自中国农科院作物所和黑龙江的供试资源对1号株系的成株抗性较好,但对1号和3号株系的种粒抗性相对较差。 相似文献
8.
采用田间自然发病鉴定方法对来自南方8个省的340份大豆地方品种及育成品种(系)进行了大豆花叶病毒病(SMV)抗性初步鉴定筛选。结果表明:在340份大豆资源中,免疫材料21份,抗病材料159份,中间型材料100份,感病材料44份,高感材料16份,分别占供试材料的6.18%、46.76%、29.41%、12.94%和4.71%。免疫型材料主要来自湖南、江西和广东。选出小区产量高且对SMV免疫的育成品种(系)1份:粤夏124,地方品种4份:ZDD06803、ZDD14319、ZDD06529、ZDD14389,这些材料可以作为广西SMV抗性育种的备选材料。 相似文献
9.
河南省大豆新品系抗紫斑病鉴定初报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对河南省52份大豆新品系在2004年进行大豆紫斑病菌的混合菌种接种鉴定抗性分析鉴定初步结果为:高抗的0份;抗病的1份,占供试材料的1.92%;中抗的32份,占供试材料的61.54%;感病的19份,占供试材料的36.54%。不同的地区,抗性表现有一定差异。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献