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《大豆科学》2020,(1)
南农413(参试名称:南农J4-3)是南京农业大学国家大豆改良中心以新六青为母本,南农95C-13为父本杂交选育而成的抗病优质高产鲜食夏大豆新品种。该品种2015-2016年参加江苏省鲜食夏大豆区域试验,两年平均鲜荚和鲜籽粒产量分别较对照通豆6号增产8.09%和6.37%。2018年生产试验鲜荚和鲜籽粒产量分别较照通豆6号增产2.79%和1.95%。于2019年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:苏审豆20190011),同年申请植物新品种保护权(申请号:20191001486)。南农413口感香甜柔糯,人工接种鉴定对大豆花叶病毒SC3和SC7株系均表现抗病。丰产和稳产性均较好,抗倒伏,籽粒大,落叶性好,不裂荚,适宜在江苏省淮河以南地区作鲜食夏大豆种植。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫下栽培大豆所受的离子胁迫作用主要是由Cl-毒害所引起的,可以通过改良栽培大豆的Cl-敏感性来提高栽培大豆的耐盐性.本研究对栽培大豆品种南农1138-2、南农88-31和Jackson间配制的2个杂交组合的P1、P2、F1、F2和F2:3世代的Cl-耐性进行了调查,并利用主基因十多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析方法分析栽培大豆的Cl-耐性遗传规律.结果表明,南农88-31×Jackson和南农1138-2×南农88-31的Cl-耐性遗传都符合D-0模型,即上述两组合的Cl-耐性都受1对加性-显性主基因控制,同时也受加性-显性-上位性多基因控制.南农88-31×Jackson组合的主基因和多基因加性效应都高于南农1138-2×南农88-31组合.但是,其主基因和多基因显性效应远低于南农1138-2×南农88-31组合.从F2∶3估计的主基因遗传力分别为0.54%和18.23%,估计的微效基因遗传力分别为83.56%和16.32%.表明,可以利用Cl-耐性强的大豆亲本配制杂交组合,并且在育种的早期阶段选育Cl-耐性强的单株或家系,以获得耐盐性高的栽培大豆品种. 相似文献
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南农9号是南京农业大学棉花研究所选育的杂交棉新组合,2002—2003年参加安徽省区域试验,2004年进入生产试验。2005年1月通过安徽省品种审定委员会审定并定名。1亲本来源和选育过程南农9号父本是品系I-60074,母本是品系95-092。1993年对自育基础材料60074进行多代选择,使之产量、品质、抗病性有了很大改善,获品系I-60074。95-092是从两个推广品种(中棉所、苏棉系列)的杂交后代中选育的品系。该品系丰产性好,配合力高。以I-60074为父本,与陆地棉品种进行杂交获得大量的F1,通过广泛的测配,选择95-092作母本,经2000-2001年分别在江苏南京、东… 相似文献
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南农8号是南京农业大学棉花研究所选育的杂交棉。1999年选育成功,2002—2003年参加江苏省棉花新品种区域试验,2004年进入江苏省棉花新品种生产试验。2005年2月通过江苏省品种审定委员会审定并定名。1亲本来源和选育过程南农8号的父本是品系I-60332,母本是品系95-042。1993年对引进的高衣分材料I-60332进行单株、株系选择、鉴定,使之品质、抗病性,特别是丰产性有了很大改善。95-042是从两个推广品种(中棉所、豫棉系列)的回交后代中选育的品系。该品系丰产性好,配合力高。以I-60332为父本,与陆地棉品种(品系)进行杂交获得大量的F1,通过广泛… 相似文献
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苏豆4号(原名苏88-Ｍ21)是以中豆5号为母本、苏系5号为父本,经有性杂交,采用综合选择法而育成的淮南夏大豆新品系,1999年3月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。1 选育过程该品种1984年配制杂交组合,1985年种植杂种一代,去伪存真,1986年至1988年采用综合选择法选择优良单株,1989年对决选的单株进行株行种植,1990-1991年种植鉴定圃,1992-1994年参加多点试验,1995-1997年参加淮南夏大豆区试,1998年参加淮南夏大豆生产试验。2 产量情况(1)1995年区域试验,7个品系(种),6个试点,平均亩产15373公斤,比对照种南农88-48增产765%,名列第3位。(见… 相似文献
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大豆苗期耐盐性鉴定指标的检验 总被引：51，自引：1，他引：51
在大豆 2叶 1心期 ,以含NaCl浓度分别为 0、5 0、10 0和 15 0mmol·L- 。 1的 1/ 2Hoagland营养液进行培养。 14天后 ,以植株衰亡叶面积率结合正常植株率为指标鉴定了 6个栽培大豆品种的苗期耐盐性 ,同时考查NaCl胁迫对大豆苗期生长状况和发育进程以及大豆体内K+ 、Na+ 和Cl- 分配情况的影响。结果表明 ,Lee68和南农 1138- 2的耐盐性较强 ;南农 88- 31为中度耐盐大豆品种 ;苏协 1号和Jackson的耐盐性较差 ;中子黄豆乙的耐盐性最弱。NaCl抑制植株地上部干物质的积累 ,使植株的茎节数减少和株高变小 ,提高根冠比 ;在NaCl胁迫下 ,耐盐性强的大豆品种的叶部对K+ 的选择性吸收和对Na+ 、Cl- 的排斥性以及根部对Na+ 和Cl- 的截留作用强。 相似文献
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栽培大豆耐盐性的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
选用栽培大豆南农1138-2(耐盐)、南农88-31(较耐盐)和Jackson(盐敏感)配制的南农1138-2×南农88-31和南农88-31×Jackson等2套组合,通过P1、P2、F1、F2和F2:3苗期植株耐盐性调查,利用主基因 多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析了栽培大豆耐盐性的遗传规律.结果表明南农88-31×Jackson和南农1138-2×南农88-31耐盐性遗传均符合加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模式.在高世代选择耐盐性植株的效率较高,从F2:3估计,南农88-31×Jackson组合的NaCl耐性微效基因遗传率为82.13%;南农1138-2×南农88-31组合的耐盐性微效基因遗传率为67.47%. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献