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1.
C. Brömel R.W. Nelson E.C. Feldman C.J. Munro P.H. Kass A.E. Vico P. Labelle A.J. Conley 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):76-82
Background
Studies in humans identified the synthesis and secretion of inhibin from adrenocortical tumors, but not pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Inhibin has not been examined in dogs as a serum biomarker for adrenal gland tumors.Objective
To determine serum inhibin concentration in dogs with adrenal gland disease and in healthy dogs.Animals
Forty‐eight neutered dogs with adrenal disease including pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH, 17), adrenocortical tumor (18), and PHEO (13), and 41 healthy intact or neutered dogs.Methods
Prospective observational study. Dogs were diagnosed with PDH, adrenocortical tumor (hyperadrenocorticism or noncortisol secreting), or PHEO based on clinical signs, endocrine function tests, abdominal ultrasound examination, and histopathology. Inhibin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum before and after ACTH stimulation, and before and after treatment.Results
In neutered dogs, median inhibin concentration was significantly higher in dogs with adrenocortical tumors (0.82 ng/mL) and PDH (0.16 ng/mL) than in dogs with PHEO and healthy dogs (both undetectable). Median inhibin concentration was significantly higher in dogs with adrenocortical tumors than in those with PDH and decreased after adrenalectomy. Median inhibin concentration was significantly higher in intact than in neutered healthy dogs and was similar in pre‐ and post‐ACTH stimulation. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of serum inhibin concentration for identifying an adrenal tumor as a PHEO were 100, 88.9, and 93.6%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Adrenocortical tumors and PDH but not PHEOs are associated with increased serum inhibin concentration; undetectable inhibin is highly supportive of PHEO in neutered dogs with adrenal tumors. 相似文献2.
Heidi B. Kellihan DVM Brian A. MacKie DVM Rebecca L. Stepien DVM MS 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2011,13(3):171-182
Objectives
To compare [NT-proBNP], [NT-proANP] and [cTnI] between control dogs with respiratory disease without pulmonary hypertension (PH) and dogs with pre-capillary PH, and to assess the accuracy of [NT-proBNP], [NT-proANP], [cTnI] to predict Doppler-derived peak tricuspid regurgitation (TR) gradient.Animals
20 dogs. 8 control dogs with respiratory disease with no PH and 12 with pre-capillary PH.Methods
[NT-proBNP], [NT-proANP] and [cTnI] were compared between the 2 groups and simple linear regression analysis was used to predict peak TR gradients from various blood biomarkers.Results
Median [NT-proBNP] was higher in the dogs with PH (2011 pmol/L, 274–7713 pmol/L) compared to control dogs (744 pmol/L; 531–2710 pmol/L) (p = 0.0339). [NT-proBNP] was associated with peak TR gradient (R2 = 0.7851, p = 0.0001). Median [NT-proANP] did not differ between dogs with PH (1747 fmol/L; 894–2884 fmol/L) and control dogs (1209 fmol/L; 976–1389 fmol/L (p = 0.058). [NT-proANP] was not associated with peak TR gradient (R2 = 0.2780, p = 0.0781). Median [cTnI] did not differ between dogs with PH (0.2850 ng/mL; 0.19–1.13 ng/mL) and control dogs (0.2 ng/mL; 0.19–0.82 ng/mL, p = 0.3051). Median [TnI] was not associated with peak TR gradient (R2 = 0.024, p = 0.6307).Conclusions
[NT-proBNP] concentration is significantly higher in dogs with pre-capillary PH when compared to dogs with respiratory disease without PH, and [NT-proBNP] may be useful to predict the severity of estimated PH. Elevations in [NT-proBNP] due to pre-capillary PH may complicate the interpretation of [NT-proBNP] elevations in patients presenting with cardiorespiratory abnormalities. [NT-proANP] and [cTnI] were not elevated in dogs with pre-capillary PH. 相似文献3.
T. Falk I. Ljungvall N.E. Zois K. Höglund L.H. Olsen H. D Pedersen J. Häggström 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):500-506
Background
Few previous studies have investigated the association between biomarkers and cardiac disease findings in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Aim
To investigate if histopathological changes at necropsy could be reflected by in vivo circulating concentrations of cTnI and aldosterone, and renin activity, in dogs with naturally occurring congestive heart failure because of MMVD.Animals
Fifty privately owned dogs with MMVD and heart failure.Methods
Longitudinal Study. Dogs were prospectively recruited and examined by clinical and echocardiographical examination twice yearly until time of death. Blood was stored for batched analysis of concentrations of cTnI and aldosterone, and renin activity. All dogs underwent a standardized necropsy protocol.Results
cTnI were associated with echocardiographic left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (P < .0001) and proximal isovolumetric surface area radius (P < .004). Furthermore, in vivo cTnI concentrations reflected postmortem findings of global myocardial fibrosis (P < .001), fibrosis in the papillary muscles (P < .001), and degree of arterial luminal narrowing (P < .001) Aldosterone or renin activity did not reflect any of the cardiac disease variables investigated.Conclusion and clinical importance
Cardiac fibrosis and arteriosclerosis in dogs with MMVD are reflected by circulating cTnI concentration, but not by aldosterone concentration or renin activity. Cardiac troponin I could be a valuable biomarker for myocardial fibrosis in dogs with chronic cardiac diseases. 相似文献4.
C. Bovens K. Tennant J. Reeve K.F. Murphy 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1541-1545
Background
Measurement of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentration is used as a screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs, but is not well characterized.Objectives
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of basal serum cortisol to detect hypoadrenocorticism in a population of dogs with a clinical suspicion of hypoadrenocorticism.Animals
Four hundred and fifty dogs with nonadrenal gland illness and 14 dogs with naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism were included.Methods
Retrospective case‐control study. The records of all dogs having had an ACTH stimulation test performed between January 2005 and September 2011 at the University of Bristol were reviewed. Dogs were included if the test was performed as a screening for hypoadrenocorticism. The sensitivity and specificity of basal serum cortisol concentration to detect dogs with hypoadrenocorticism were calculated using 2 cut‐offs and compared to the gold standard ACTH stimulation test.Results
Using a cut‐off of ≤2 μg/dL (≤55 nmol/L), the sensitivity and specificity of basal cortisol to detect hypoadrenocorticism were 100% and 63.3%, respectively, whereas for a cut‐off of ≤1 μg/dL (≤28 nmol/L), the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 91.8%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Measurement of basal serum cortisol is useful as a screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs using a cut‐off of ≤2 μg/dL (≤55 nmol/L), and the disease is unlikely with a basal serum cortisol >2 μg/dL (>55 nmol/L). A basal serum cortisol ≤2 μg/dL (≤55 nmol/L) cannot be used to diagnose hypoadrenocorticism, and an ACTH stimulation test should be performed in these cases. 相似文献5.
6.
F. Sampieri J. Alcorn A. L. Allen C. R. Clark F. A. Vannucci N. Pusterla S. Mapes K. R. Ball P. M. Dowling J. Thompson L. R. Bernstein C. J. Gebhart D. L. Hamilton 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(5):486-499
Oral gallium maltolate (GaM) pharmacokinetics (PK) and intestinal tissue (IT) concentrations of elemental gallium ([Ga]) and iron ([Fe]) were investigated in a rabbit model of equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE). New Zealand white does (uninfected controls and EPE‐infected, n = 6/group) were given a single oral GaM dose (50 mg/kg). Serial blood samples were collected from 0 to 216 h post‐treatment (PT) and IT samples after euthanasia. Serology, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry confirmed, or excluded, EPE. Blood and IT [Ga] and [Fe] were determined using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. PK parameters were estimated through noncompartmental approaches. For all statistical comparisons on [Ga] and [Fe] α = 5%. The Ga log‐linear terminal phase rate constant was lower in EPE rabbits vs. uninfected controls [0.0116 ± 0.004 (SD) vs. 0.0171 ± 0.0028 per hour; P = 0.03]; but half‐life (59.4 ± 24.0 vs. 39.4 ± 10.8 h; P = 0.12); Cmax (0.50 ± 0.21 vs. 0.59 ± 0.42 μg/mL; P = 0.45); tmax (1.75 ± 0.41 vs. 0.9 ± 0.37 h; P = 0.20); and oral clearance (6.743 ± 1.887 vs. 7.208 ± 2.565 L/h; P = 0.74) were not. IT's [Ga] and [Fe] were higher (P < 0.0001) in controls. In conclusion, although infection reduces IT [Ga] and [Fe], a 48 h GaM dosing interval is appropriate for multidose studies in EPE rabbits. 相似文献
7.
D.E. Gomez L.G. Arroyo H.R. Stämpfli L.E. Cruz O.J. Oliver 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):548-553
Background
The quantitative effect of strong electrolytes, pCO2, and plasma protein concentration in determining plasma pH and bicarbonate concentrations can be demonstrated with the physicochemical approach. Plasma anion gap (AG) and strong ion gap (SIG) are used to assess the presence or absence of unmeasured anions.Hypotheses
The physicochemical approach is useful for detection and explanation of acid‐base disorders in horses with colitis. AG and SIG accurately predict hyperlactatemia in horses with colitis.Animals
Fifty‐four horses with acute colitis and diarrhea.Methods
Retrospective study . Physicochemical variables were calculated for each patient. ROC curves were generated to analyze sensitivity and specificity of AG and SIG for predicting hyperlactatemia.Results
Physicochemical interpretation of acid‐base events indicated that strong ion metabolic acidosis was present in 39 (72%) horses. Mixed strong ion acidosis and decreased weak acid (hypoproteinemia) alkalosis was concomitantly present in 17 (30%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of AG and SIG to predict hyperlactatemia (L‐lactate > 5 mEq/L) were 100% (95% CI, 66.4–100; P < .0001) and 84.4% (95% CI, 70.5–93.5 P < .0001). Area under the ROC curve for AG and SIG for predicting hyperlactatemia was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99), respectively.Conclusion and Clinical relevance
These results emphasize the importance of strong ions and proteins in the maintenance of the acid‐base equilibria. AG and SIG were considered good predictors of clinically relevant hyperlactatemia. 相似文献8.
D.C. Brown R.C. Boston J.T. Farrar 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):22-30
Background
Lameness assessment using force plate gait analysis (FPGA) and owner assessment of chronic pain using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) are valid and reliable methods of evaluating canine osteoarthritis. There are no studies comparing these 2 outcome measures.Objective
Evaluate the relationship between CBPI pain severity (PS) and interference (PI) scores with the vertical forces of FPGA as efficacy measures in canine osteoarthritis.Animals
Sixty‐eight client‐owned dogs with osteoarthritis (50 hind limb and 18 forelimb).Methods
Double‐blind, randomized. Owners completed the CBPI, and dogs underwent FPGA on days 0 and 14. Dogs received carprofen or placebo on days 1 through 14. The change in PS and PI scores from day 0 to 14 were compared to the change in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI).Results
PS and PI scores significantly decreased in carprofen‐ compared with placebo‐treated dogs (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). PVF and VI significantly increased in carprofen‐ compared with placebo‐treated dogs (P = .006 and P = .02, respectively). There was no correlation or concordance between the PS or PI score changes and change in PVF or VI.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In these dogs with hind limb or forelimb osteoarthritis, owner assessment of chronic pain using the CBPI and assessment of lameness using FPGA detected significant improvement in dogs treated with carprofen. The lack of correlation or concordance between the change in owner scores and vertical forces suggests that owners were focused on behaviors other than lameness when making efficacy evaluations in their dogs. 相似文献9.
Questionnaire‐based Analysis of Owner‐reported Scratching and Pain Signs in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Screened for Chiari‐like Malformation and Syringomyelia 
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下载免费PDF全文 C.R. Sparks S. Cerda‐Gonzalez E.H. Griffith B.D.X. Lascelles N.J. Olby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):331-339
Background
Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) cause a pain syndrome in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Clinical signs are not consistently apparent on neurologic examination, and owner reporting of signs provides vital clinical history. However, owner questionnaires for this disease are not well developed.Objectives
To develop a tool to capture owner‐reported clinical signs for use in clinical trials and to compare owner‐reported signs with the presence of pain on neurologic examination and SM on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Animals
Fifty client‐owned CKCS.Methods
Owners completed a questionnaire and pain/scratch map. Each dog underwent a neurologic examination and craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Questionnaire responses were developed into scores, area of shading for pain/scratch maps was measured, and consistency of responses between these tools was assessed. Owner‐reported findings were compared with neurologic examination findings and presence and severity of SM on MRI.Results
Thirty‐three dogs were symptomatic and 17 asymptomatic; 30 had SM. The most common sign of pain was crying out when lifted (n = 11). Extent of shaded areas on maps positively correlated with questionnaire scores for pain (r2 = 0.213, P = 0.006) and scratch (r2 = 0.104, P = 0.089). Owner‐reported findings were not significantly associated with presence or severity of SM or neurologic examination findings. Owner‐reported lateralization of signs was significantly associated with SM lateralization (P < 0.0001).Conclusions
The questionnaire and maps may be useful for clinical trials. Lack of association of owner‐reported signs with SM highlights our lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of pain in this disease. 相似文献10.
ObjectivesTo define electrocardiographic features of complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) and right bundle branch block (RBBB), and the use of R-peak time (RPT) to identify interventricular dyssynchrony in dogs with BBB.Animals, materials and methodsTwelve-lead ECG tracings of 20 dogs with RBBB, 20 with LBBB, and 60 healthy dogs were retrospectively analyzed and RPT was measured in precordial leads. Interventricular dyssynchrony index (IDI) was than calculated.ResultsIn RBBB, mean electrical axis (MEA) was −111° [−120/−100°], V1RPT was significantly longer (61 ms [55–72 ms]) than left precordial leads RPT (V2:25 ms [22–30 ms]; V3:25 ms [22–29 ms]; V4:24 ms [21–29 ms]; V5:25 ms [22–29 ms]; V6:25 ms [22–29 ms]) and when compared to normal dogs (P < 0.001). In LBBB, MEA was 76° [70/81°], RPT in left precordial leads was significantly longer (V2:49 ms [34–58 ms]; V3:49 ms [43–57 ms]; V4:52 ms [45–62 ms]; V5:53 ms [45–63 ms]; V6:55 ms [45–63 ms]) than V1RPT (17 ms [15–20 ms]) and when compared to normal dogs (P < 0.001). V1RPT > 28 ms and V5RPT > 36 ms were found to predict the presence of RBBB and LBBB with a sensitivity of 100% and 96.7%, and a specificity of 96.7% and 99.5%, respectively. The IDI was 23% [16–29%] in normal dogs and significantly greater in dogs with RBBB (33% [30–38%]; P < 0.001) and LBBB (32% [23–41%]; P = 0.006).ConclusionsThis study defines ECG features and RPT in dogs with BBB. Electrical interventricular dyssynchrony can be defined using IDI in dogs with BBB. 相似文献
11.
R.S. Pleasant J.K. Suagee C.D. Thatcher F. Elvinger R.J. Geor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):576-582
Background
Increased blood insulin levels are associated with an increased risk of pasture‐associated laminitis in equids.Objective
To determine the relationship between plasma insulin, leptin, and lipid levels, and measures of oxidative stress with adiposity in mature light breed horses.Animals
300 randomly selected light breed horses, aged 4–20 years.Methods
A random sample of horses (140 mares, 151 geldings, and 9 stallions) was drawn from the VMRCVM Equine Field Service practice client list. Evaluations occurred June 15 – August 15, 2006, with all sampling performed between 0600 and 1200 hours. Concentrate feed was withheld for at least 10 hours before sampling. Plasma was analyzed for insulin, glucose, leptin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and measures of oxidative stress. Body condition score was determined as the average of 2 independent investigators.Results
Overconditioned and obese horses had higher plasma insulin (P < .001) and leptin (P < .01) levels than optimally conditioned horses. Obese horses had higher triglyceride levels (P = .006) and lower red blood cell gluthathione peroxidase activities (P = .001) than optimally conditioned horses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Maintaining horses at a BCS <7 might be important for decreasing the risk of pasture‐associated laminitis. 相似文献12.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs Attending Primary‐care Veterinary Practices in England 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M.J. Mattin A. Boswood D.B. Church J. López‐Alvarez P.D. McGreevy D.G. O'Neill P.C. Thomson D.C. Brodbelt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):847-854
Background
To date, epidemiological studies on degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in dogs have largely reported referral caseloads or been limited to predisposed breeds. Analysis of primary‐care data to identify factors associated with DMVD would help clinicians identify high‐risk individuals and improve understanding.Objectives
To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for DMVD in dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in England.Animals
Cases were identified within the electronic patient records of 111,967 dogs attending 93 practices. Four hundred and 5 dogs were diagnosed with DMVD (diagnosed cases) and a further 3,557 dogs had a heart murmur (HM) consistent with DMVD (possible cases).Methods
Retrospective cross‐sectional study design. Prevalence was adjusted for the sampling approach. Mixed effects logistic regression models identified factors associated with DMVD.Results
Prevalence estimates of diagnosed DMVD and HMs consistent with DMVD (both diagnosed and possible cases) were 0.36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.45) and 3.54% (95% CI: 3.26–3.84) respectively. In the multivariable analysis, males had higher odds of diagnosed DMVD than did females (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12–1.74). Insured dogs had increased odds of DMVD compared with noninsured dogs (OR 3.56, 95% CI: 2.79–4.55) and dogs ≥20 kg had approximately half the odds of DMVD diagnosis compared with dogs <20 kg (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.74). Strong associations between a DMVD diagnosis and individual breeds and age were identified.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Degenerative mitral valve disease was a common disorder in practice‐attending dogs. Knowledge of identified risk factors for DMVD could improve clinical diagnosis and direct future research. 相似文献13.
14.
A. J. Shapiro J. M. Norris J. Heller G. Brown R. Malik K. L. Bosward 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(6):458-466
The role of dogs in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii to humans is uncertain, and extensive seroprevalence studies of dogs have not been previously conducted in Australia. This study determined C. burnetii exposure in four diverse canine subpopulations by adapting, verifying and comparing an indirect immunofluoresence assay (IFA) and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used to detect anti‐C. burnetii antibodies in humans. Canine serum samples (n = 1223) were tested with IFA from four subpopulations [breeding establishments; household pets; free‐roaming dogs in Aboriginal communities; shelter dogs]. The proportions of seropositive dogs were as follows: breeding (7/309, 2.3%), household pets (10/328, 3%), Aboriginal communities (21/321, 6.5%) and shelters (5/265, 1.9%). Dogs from Aboriginal communities were 2.8 times (CI 1.5–5.1; P < 0.001) more likely to be seropositive than dogs from other populations. The ELISA was used on 86 of 1223 sera tested with IFA, and a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.60 (CI 0.43–0.78) indicated good agreement between the two assays. This study has established that Australian dogs within all four subpopulations have been exposed to C. burnetii and that a higher seroprevalence was observed amongst free‐roaming dogs associated with Aboriginal communities. As C. burnetii recrudesces during pregnancy and birth products contain the highest concentration of organism, individuals assisting at the time of parturition, those handling pups shortly after birth as well as those residing in the vicinity of whelping dogs are potentially at risk of developing Q fever. However, the identification of active antigen shed in excreta from seropositive dogs is required in order to accurately define and quantify the public health risk. 相似文献
15.
K.R. Viviano B. VanderWielen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(2):250-258
Background
Antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation have been correlated with disease severity and associated with poor outcomes.Hypothesis/Objectives
Supplementing dogs with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) during the first 48 hours of hospitalization will increase cysteine, normalize glutathione concentrations, and decrease the degree of lipid peroxidation associated with illness.Animals
Sixty systemically ill hospitalized client‐owned dogs and 14 healthy control dogs.Methods
Randomized investigator‐blinded, placebo‐controlled prospective study. Dogs were randomized to treatment with NAC (n = 30) versus placebo (n = 30). Antioxidants, urine 8‐isoprostane/creatinine (IP/Cr), and clinical score were determined before and after treatment with NAC. Glutathione, cysteine, and vitamin E concentrations were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify selenium and isoprostane concentrations, respectively.Results
Ill dogs had significantly lower vitamin E concentrations (27 versus 55 μg/mL; P = .0005) as well as elevated IP/Cr ratios (872 versus 399 pg/mg; P = .0007) versus healthy dogs. NAC supplementation significantly increased plasma cysteine (8.67 versus 15.1 μM; P < .0001) while maintaining glutathione concentrations. Dogs in the placebo group experienced a statistically significant decrease in glutathione concentrations (1.49 versus 1.44 mM; P = .0463). Illness severity and survival were unchanged after short duration NAC supplementation.Conclusions
Ill dogs experience systemic oxidative stress. Supplementation with NAC during the first 48 hours of hospitalization stabilized erythrocyte glutathione concentrations. The clinical impact of this supplementation and glutathione concentration stabilization was undetermined. 相似文献16.
V. Bruet J. Brune A. Pastor L. Imparato A. Roussel P. Bourdeau J.C. Desfontis 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):451-455
Background
Canine atopic dermatitis can be a result of exposure to aeroallergens or trophallergens. Hemodynamic alterations occur in dogs with food hypersensitivity.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate if hemodynamic alterations occur in dogs with NFICAD with lowered resistance to diastolic flow at fasting, after feeding, or both.Animals
Ten healthy dogs and 22 dogs with NFICAD were included from the hospital population.Methods
Blinded prospective study. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MV), pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI) and PSV/EDV ratio were measured at fasting for both arteries (cranial mesenteric artery [CMA], celiac artery [CA]) and at 40 minutes after feeding in CMA and at 60 minutes in CA. The results were analyzed statistically with a mixed model.Results
There was no difference detected between groups of dogs for any variable except EDV during fasting (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
There is no decrease in resistance in NFICAD to diastolic flow. This observation could be explained by the absence intestinal inflammation in NFICAD. 相似文献17.
Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects following a single oral administration of a nonaqueous pimobendan solution in healthy dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Yata A. J. McLachlan D. J. R. Foster S. W. Page N. J. Beijerink 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(1):45-53
Pimobendan is an inodilator used in the treatment of canine congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of a nonaqueous oral solution of pimobendan using a single‐dose, operator‐blinded, parallel‐dose study design. Eight healthy dogs were divided into two treatment groups consisting of water (negative control) and pimobendan solution. Plasma samples and noninvasive measures of cardiovascular function were obtained over a 24‐h period following dosing. Pimobendan and its active metabolite were quantified using an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer (UHPLC‐MS) assay. The oral pimobendan solution was rapidly absorbed [time taken to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) 1.1 h] and readily converted to the active metabolite (metabolite Tmax 1.3 h). The elimination half‐life was short for both pimobendan and its active metabolite (0.9 and 1.6 h, respectively). Maximal cardiovascular effects occurred at 2–4 h after a single oral dose, with measurable effects occurring primarily in echocardiographic indices of systolic function. Significant effects persisted for <8 h. The pimobendan nonaqueous oral solution was well tolerated by study dogs. 相似文献
18.
Melissa L. Holahan DVM Andrew J. Brown MA VetMB DACVECC Kenneth J. Drobatz DVM MSCE DACVECC DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(4):413-420
Objective – To determine the association of blood lactate with outcome and response to transfusion therapy in dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Design – Retrospective study. Setting – Urban veterinary small animal emergency hospital. Animals – One hundred and seventy‐three client‐owned dogs with IMHA. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Serial blood lactate concentration, therapeutic interventions, and outcome were recorded. Nonsurvivors were defined as those that died or were euthanized. One hundred and thirty‐three dogs (77%) survived, 35 (20%) were euthanized, and 5 (3%) died. One hundred forty‐five dogs (84%; 145/173) had a lactate concentration above the laboratory reference interval [0.46–2.31 mmol/L] on presentation. Blood lactate at presentation was higher in the nonsurvivors (median 4.8 mmol/L; 0.5–13.6) compared with survivors (median 2.9 mmol/L; 0.3–13.2) (P<0.01). All dogs presenting with hyperlactatemia that normalized (<2.0 mmol/L) within 6 hours of admission survived, whereas, 71% of dogs that had a persistent hyperlactatemia at 6 hours survived (P=0.034). Lactate was positively correlated with age, BUN, and alkaline phosphatase, and inversely correlated with PCV. Receiver operating curve analysis for lactate concentration at admission as a test for outcome had an area under the curve of 0.69 with an optimal lactate cutoff concentration of 4.4 mmol/L correctly predicting outcome 73% of the time (sensitivity 60%, specificity 77%). Conclusions – Lactate concentration at presentation was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. Lactate was significantly correlated with previously reported outcome variables but lactate concentration at admission, as a predictor for outcome was less than optimal. However, serial lactate concentration measurements may be more predictive as patients with persistent hyperlactatemia 6 hours after admission were less likely to survive. Prospective studies evaluating serial lactate concentration while controlling for other variables may provide further insight into lactate measurement as a prognostic indicator in animals with IMHA. 相似文献
19.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. Pedro J. Dukes‐McEwan M.A. Oyama M.S. Kraus A.R. Gelzer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):86-92
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually is associated with a rapid ventricular rate. The optimal heart rate (HR) during AF is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
Heart rate affects survival in dogs with chronic AF.Animals
Forty‐six dogs with AF and 24‐hour ambulatory recordings were evaluated.Methods
Retrospective study. Holter‐derived HR variables were analyzed as follows: mean HR (meanHR, 24‐hour average), minimum HR (minHR, 1‐minute average), maximum HR (maxHR, 1‐minute average). Survival times were recorded from the time of presumed adequate rate control. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR <125 bpm versus ≥125 bpm.Results
All 46 dogs had structural heart disease; 31 of 46 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 44 of 46 received antiarrhythmic drugs. Of 15 dogs with cardiac death, 14 had CHF. Median time to all‐cause death was 524 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 76–1,037 days). MeanHR was 125 bpm (range, 62–203 bpm), minHR was 82 bpm (range, 37–163 bpm), maxHR was 217 bpm (range, 126–307 bpm). These were significantly correlated with all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. For every 10 bpm increase in meanHR, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 35% (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001). Median survival time of dogs with meanHR<125 bpm (n = 23) was significantly longer (1,037 days; range, 524‐open) than meanHR ≥125 bpm (n = 23; 105 days; range, 67–267 days; P = 0.0012). Mean HR was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.003).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Holter‐derived meanHR affects survival in dogs with AF. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm. 相似文献20.
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity,Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity,and Urinary F2‐ Isoprostanes as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Anemic Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Kendall A. Woolcock A. Brooks G.E Moore 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1700-1707