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1.
贵州省杉木种子园病虫害研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对黎平、天柱杉木种子园的病虫害调查，初步确定危害杉木主要虫害为：杉梢小卷蛾（Ｐｏｌｙｃｈｒｏｓｉｓ ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇ－ｈａｍｉａｃｏｌａ）、皱鞘双条杉天牛（Ｓｅｍａｎｏｔｕｓｂｉｆａｓｏｃｉａｔｕｓ）等８种，以第一种危害最为突出。主要病害为：杉木炭疽病、杉木落叶病、杉木黄化病等，以杉木炭疽病为害为主。对两地杉木种子园不同坡向、不同株行距的感病指数进行了方差分析，其结论为不显著，而不同种源感病指数有一定差异。并提出了防治杉木种子园病害的措施． 相似文献
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杉木扁长蝽发生规律与防治研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杉木扁长蝽发生规律与防治研究邱星牯，赖青青（信丰县林木良种场科技办３４１６００）关键词：杉木扁长蝽，形态特征，生活习性，防治杉木扁长蝽（ＳｉｎｏｒｓｉｌｌｕｓｐｉｌｉｆｅｒｕｓＵｓｉｎｇｅｒ）是我场杉木种子园的主要害虫，专危害种实和嫩稍。我场在地区森... 相似文献
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杉木是我省速生丰产的主要造林树种之一。杉木炭疽病（Ｇｌｏｍｅｒｅｌａｃｉｎｇｕｌａｔａ）、杉木赤枯病（Ｐｅｓｔａｔｏｔｉｏｐｓｏｓｆｏｅｄａｎｓ）一旦发生，防治极为困难。前人多侧重中幼林单一病害的防治研究［１，２，３，４］。本文着重研究杉木种实、苗期... 相似文献
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通过对筠连县杉木种子园三种主要病害杉木叶枯病、炭疽病、赤枯病进行取样、观察研究，探讨其发病规律、流行规律，找出最佳防治方案。 相似文献
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正随着种植面积的不断扩大,病虫害成为当前杉木发展的重要难题之一。其中,传统的杉木炭疽病与生理性黄化病为近年广西杉木苗木与新造人工林常见病害。掌握两者病害发生规律,实施针对性的预防与控制技术,能有效控制病害发生。杉木炭疽病杉木炭疽病是杉木重要的病害,在杉木栽培区都有发生,以低山丘陵地区人工幼林病害较严重。病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌,病菌可侵染寄主出土部分的任何器官。病 相似文献
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<正> 杉木炭疽病[Glomerella cingulata(Stonem.)Schr. et Spauld.]近年来已成为我国南方各省杉木林中普遍发生的病害,有的地方发病很严重,虽各地进行了研究和防治试验,但目前还缺少经济有效的防治方法。因而选育对炭疽病抗性较强的杉木优树家系,是大面积防治这种病害的重要途径。各地在选择杉木优树和建立种子园的过程中,虽然也注意了病虫害的问题,但一般尚不确知杉木优树是否具有优良的抗病特性,这是 相似文献
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三明地区杉木病害种类及危害程度的调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对福建省三明地区（尤溪、建宁、永安）的杉木病害调查表明，杉木炭疽病是分布最广、危害最大的病害。而杉木细菌性叶枯病。杉木落针病、杉木煤污病、杉木黄化病、杉木丛枝病和杉木巨芽病除零星或局部地区发生较严重外，一般危害性较小。 相似文献
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苹果炭疽病的病原为Ｇｌｏｍｅｒｌａｃｉｎｇｕｌａｔａ（Ｓｔｏｎｅｍ）Ｓｃｈｒ．ｅｔＳｐａｎｌｄ。对苹果、梨、桃、山楂、葡萄等危害严重,造成苹果产量及品质下降。近几年来我们经过调查研究,采用硫酸亚铁混合制剂”防治元帅系苹果新红星炭疽病,其效果显著。防治... 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献