共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Ishii K Ogiyama Y Chikashige Y Soejima S Masuda F Kakuma T Hiraoka Y Takahashi K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5892):1088-1091
The centromere is essential for the inheritance of genetic information on eukaryotic chromosomes. Epigenetic regulation of centromere identity has been implicated in genome stability, karyotype evolution, and speciation. However, little is known regarding the manner in which centromere dysfunction affects the chromosomal architectures. Here we show that in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the conditional deletion of the centromere produces survivors that carry either a neocentromere-acquired chromosome at the subtelomeric region or an acentric chromosome rescued by intertelomere fusion with either of the remaining chromosomes. The ratio of neocentromere formation to telomere fusion is considerably decreased by the inactivation of genes involved in RNA interference-dependent heterochromatin formation. By affecting the modes of chromosomal reorganization, the genomic distribution of heterochromatin may influence the fate of karyotype evolution. 相似文献
3.
4.
Colcemid sensitivity of fission yeast and the isolation of colcemid-resistant mutants 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Cell division of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is reversibly inhibited by the antimitotic agent Colcemid (N-deacetyl-N-methylcolchicine) in nutrient medium. Cell growth continiues until all cells become nonseparating cell doublets in a V configuration. Mutants have been isolated capable of uninhibited growth in the presence of concentrations of Colcemid mycostatic for the parent strain. 相似文献
5.
Fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells grow longitudinally in a manner dependent on a polarized distribution of their interphase microtubules. We found that this distribution required sliding of microtubules toward the cell center along preexisting microtubules. This sliding was mediated by the minus end-directed kinesin motor Klp2, which helped microtubules to become properly organized with plus ends predominantly oriented toward the cell ends and minus ends toward the cell center. Thus, interphase microtubules in the fission yeast require motor activities for their proper organization. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
植物螯合肽的生物合成与解毒机制及在重金属修复中的应用前景 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
植物螯合肽能够缓解重金属的毒害作用,并且对必需金属元素在真核生物(如高等植物、真菌和微藻)细胞内的分布具有调节作用。目前,有关植物螯合肽的生物合成及解毒机制已成为分子生物学和污染生态学领域的研究热点。最近已有研究从植物和真菌中分离出植物螯合肽合成酶的编码基因,而且相继在蠕虫和一些原核生物中也发现了类似植物螯合肽合成酶的编码基因。本文综述了植物螯合肽生物合成的分子机制和影响因素,及其在高等植物中对重金属的解毒和累积作用,并论述了这类重要的金属螯合肽在生物修复重金属环境污染中的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
酵母基因表达调控关系的构建及其统计特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]从复杂网络的角度研究酵母细胞周期调控网络的统计特性。[方法]首先对酵母的细胞周期基因表达数据采用皮尔逊相关性度量,计算基因间的关联矩阵,即建立简单的基因调控网络;同时为了能够得到在宏观角度对大规模的基因调控有一个全貌的了解,进一步分析所建立调控网络的统计特性,通过计算所建立网络的统计特性：即计算网络的聚类系数、平均路径长度和网络的度分布。[结论]发现所建立的网络具有无标度和小世界特性,即所建立的酵母基因调控网络属于复杂网络,这为进一步深入研究基因调控网络的统计学和动力学特性打下了基础。 相似文献
10.
The expression of short hairpin RNAs in several organisms silences gene expression by targeted mRNA degradation. This RNA interference (RNAi) pathway can also affect the genome, as DNA methylation arises at loci homologous to the target RNA in plants. We demonstrate in fission yeast that expression of a synthetic hairpin RNA is sufficient to silence the homologous locus in trans and causes the assembly of a patch of silent Swi6 chromatin with cohesin. This requires components of the RNAi machinery and Clr4 histone methyltransferase for small interfering RNA generation. A similar process represses several meiotic genes through nearby retrotransposon long terminal repeats (LTRs). These analyses directly implicate interspersed LTRs in regulating gene expression during cellular differentiation. 相似文献
11.
12.
We used fluorescence microscopy to measure global and local concentrations of 28 cytoskeletal and signaling proteins fused to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Native promoters controlled the expression of these functional YFP fusion proteins. Fluorescence measured by microscopy or flow cytometry was directly proportional to protein concentration measured by quantitative immunoblotting. Global cytoplasmic concentrations ranged from 0.04 (formin Cdc12p) to 63 micromolar (actin). Proteins concentrated up to 100 times in contractile rings and 7500 times in spindle pole bodies at certain times in the cell cycle. This approach can be used to measure the global and local concentrations of any fusion protein. 相似文献
13.
[目的]测定粟酒裂殖酵母高表达的SpTrz2p对其细胞周期的影响。[方法]将粟酒裂殖酵母的trz2+克隆到pREP4x质粒上,构建带有SpTrz2的高表达载体,将构建成功的重组子转化至野生型粟酒裂殖酵母细胞中,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化。[结果]高表达SpTrz2p可导致酵母细胞形态和周期的改变,使大部分酵母细胞停留于G1期,这说明高表达SpTrz2p对细胞周期有明显影响。[结论]该研究结果表明高表达SpTrz2p给细胞造成的致死毒性是通过影响细胞周期实现的。 相似文献
14.
Telomere proteins from ciliated protozoa bind to the single-stranded G-rich DNA extensions at the ends of macronuclear chromosomes. We have now identified homologous proteins in fission yeast and in humans. These Pot1 (protection of telomeres) proteins each bind the G-rich strand of their own telomeric repeat sequence, consistent with a direct role in protecting chromosome ends. Deletion of the fission yeast pot1+ gene has an immediate effect on chromosome stability, causing rapid loss of telomeric DNA and chromosome circularization. It now appears that the protein that caps the ends of chromosomes is widely dispersed throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. 相似文献
15.
Zofall M Yamanaka S Reyes-Turcu FE Zhang K Rubin C Grewal SI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):96-100
Facultative heterochromatin that changes during cellular differentiation coordinates regulated gene expression, but its assembly is poorly understood. Here, we describe facultative heterochromatin islands in fission yeast and show that their formation at meiotic genes requires factors that eliminate meiotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) during vegetative growth. Blocking production of meiotic mRNA or loss of RNA elimination factors, including Mmi1 and Red1 proteins, abolishes heterochromatin islands. RNA elimination machinery is enriched at meiotic loci and interacts with Clr4/SUV39h, a methyltransferase involved in heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin islands disassemble in response to nutritional signals that induce sexual differentiation. This process involves the antisilencing factor Epe1, the loss of which causes dramatic increase in heterochromatic loci. Our analyses uncover unexpected regulatory roles for mRNA-processing factors that assemble dynamic heterochromatin to modulate gene expression. 相似文献
16.
Transcription of class III genes: formation of preinitiation complexes 总被引：125，自引：0，他引：125
17.
Telomeres are specialized chromatin structures that protect chromosomal ends. Protection of telomeres 1 (Pot1) binds to the telomeric G-rich overhang, thereby protecting telomeres and regulating telomerase. Mammalian POT1 and TPP1 interact and constitute part of the six-protein shelterin complex. Here we report that Tpz1, the TPP1 homolog in fission yeast, forms a complex with Pot1. Tpz1 binds to Ccq1 and the previously undiscovered protein Poz1 (Pot1-associated in Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which protect telomeres redundantly and regulate telomerase in positive and negative manners, respectively. Thus, the Pot1-Tpz1 complex accomplishes its functions by recruiting effector molecules Ccq1 and Poz1. Moreover, Poz1 bridges Pot1-Tpz1 and Taz1-Rap1, thereby connecting the single-stranded and double-stranded telomeric DNA regions. Such molecular architectures are similar to those of mammalian shelterin, indicating that the overall DNA-protein architecture is conserved across evolution. 相似文献
18.
19.
利用RT-PCR克隆Ⅱ型大豆查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI1A),然后将目的片段与克隆载体pMD18-T质粒相连接,检测后将目的基因重组于粟酒裂殖酵母表达载体pESP-2的MCS序列之中,使用电击法将重组质粒转化进入粟酒裂殖酵母中,用PCR和双酶切的方法来检测试验结果,表明获得了CHI1A完整开放阅读框(670bp),与已报道序列(NO:AY595413)的同源性达到99%。PCR和酶切鉴定表明,CHI1A已导入到酵母表达载体中。查尔酮异构酶基因的克隆、粟酒裂殖酵母表达载体的构建,为该基因的应用提供了依据。有望利用基因工程技术将该基因重组于酵母基因组中并表达目的蛋白,以此来催化合成黄酮和异黄酮类化合物。 相似文献