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二化螟是全省水稻上的一个主要害虫，每年无论是早稻、中稻（一季晚）还是二晚，都是主要防治对象，特别是对第1代二化螟的防治，更为重要。1第1代二化螟发生特点1.1发生和为各时期长据我县1967～1987年测报灯下统计，第1代二化螟从见蛾至终蛾时间长达25～60d，平均32．8d。盛蛾期长达10～24d平均为14．5d，因此造成为害时期相就增长。1．2发生面积很大我县历年早稻面积约3000hm’，而第1代二化螟历年发生面积均达1666hm’以上，占早稻面积55％左右，占历年早稻害虫发生面积的35～90％，平均为60％左右。1．3防治使用高由于第1代二亿螟发生… 相似文献
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河池市稻飞虱的发生与防治简报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在河池市危害水稻的稻飞虱主要有白背飞虱、褐飞虱。早春主要虫源由东南亚随西南气流迁入,秋季随东北气流由北回迁。褐飞虱和白背飞虱在河池一年可发生7～8代,其中主要危害代为第2～6代,对水稻造成危害重、损失大,不防治的田块可颗粒无收。第1代发生在3月份,第2代发生在4～5月间,第3、4代发生在6月中旬至7月上旬,这时正值早稻孕穗、抽穗、灌浆期,第5、6代发生在8月下旬至9月中旬或10月上旬, 相似文献
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在福州金山稻田中发现有两种螽蟖,钩草螽和瑟氏草螽,是三化螟卵期的捕食性天敌,国内外文献均未见报道。1984～1985年田间调查结果:它们对第2、3、4代三化螟卵块的捕食率分别为7.62％、3.00％、36.80～69.05％。 相似文献
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安徽省庐县自 1996年推广 50％二氯喹啉酸 WP防除直播稻田稗草以来，稗草危害得到了有效地控制，但该药对千金子效果不好，导致近年直播稻田千金子发生量迅速上升，已成为影响直播稻田高产的主要因素之一。为有效地防除直播稻田千金子，我们引进了美国陶氏益农公司的千金 10％ EC，进行了防除直播稻田千金子、稗草试验，取得了显著效果。现将结果简报如下： 1材料与方法 试验在庐江县汤池镇直播稻田内进行。试验田地势平坦，肥力中等，土质为白土田，质地中壤， pH5.0，有机质含量约为 1.43％。 1.1直播早稻、中稻田千金子及稗草防除… 相似文献
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我国近年来水稻重大病虫害可持续控制技术重要研究进展——非化学控害技术研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
针对水稻病虫害防治中长期存在控害保产与生产无公害稻米矛盾比较突出的问题,研究提出了几种效果显著的非化学控害增产技术。其中,利用水稻遗传背景、对病虫抗感水平等差异显著的水稻品种多样性种植,控制稻瘟病的效果达42.12％～76.68％,抑制白背飞虱若虫数量增长效果明显,增产糯稻或优质稻600～1050 kg／hm2,平均增收约1 500元／hm2;稻鱼共育控制稻飞虱的效果为63.77％～86.89％,对纹枯病病株抑制率70.52％,控制稻田杂草效果为89.57％,平收获鲜鱼319.5～1 177.5 kg／hm2,水稻产量比对照区增产7.05％～10.11％;稻鸭共育控制稻飞虱效果63.73％～77.18％,控制稻螟效果30.11％,控制纹枯病效果19.33％～67.03％,对稻田杂草控制效果91.96％,减少施肥30.6％、农药59.3％,减少投入1 987.05元／hm2。 相似文献
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稻瘿蚊是邕宁县晚稻的主要害虫之一，1a发生7－8个世代，以长1、2代为害早稻无效分蘖，第3代为害早稻无效分蘖及晚稻杂优制种田，第4代小部分继续为害迟插早稻无效分蘖及制种田，主要为害晚稻秧田，第5代有部分为害晚稻秧田，主要为害早插晚稻本田，第6代为害晚稻本田，第7代（或8代）为害晚稻无效分蘖。第5、6代是晚稻本田主害代。在邕宁20世纪80年代初至90年代中期（截至1995年）是严重发生为害时期，平均每年发生面积1．722万hm^2，占种植面积的36．9％，造成粮食损失255．02万kg，对水稻生产构成严重威胁。90年代后期发生面积有所下降，平均每年发生面积0．728万hm^2，其中2000年稻瘿蚊发生程度是19995年以发生最轻的一年，从早稻后期虫源来看，早稻后期无效分蘖标葱率是近10a来最高的一年，虫源面积之广，有效虫源之多也是近10a来最多的一年，而晚稻稻瘿蚊却发生轻。本文就定问题作进一步分析，仅供参考。 相似文献
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本文对上高县2014年早稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱这几类水稻主要病虫害在防治与不防治条件下进行了田间试验对比,对不同处理病虫情况及产量情况进行调查,对防治效益进行了评估。结果表明,完全不防治产量损失最大,单一病虫害中纹枯病损失最大,其次是稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、二化螟和稻瘟病;完全不防治的效益损失最大,单一病虫害中纹枯病损失效益最大,其次是稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、二化螟和稻瘟病。2014年上半年雨水多,湿度大,造成纹枯病重发生,稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱中等发生,二化螟和稻瘟病轻发生。 相似文献
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系统地研究了中华稻蝗发生动态与危害损失。结果表明,中华稻蝗在浙江年发生1代,主要危害早稻和早播单季晚稻。水稻分蘖期接入虫量10～50头/m2,叶被害率为52.61%～78.81%,叶被害指数为14.51～25.00,产量损失率为2.31%～27.42%,孕穗至破口期接入虫量1～17头/m2,叶被害率为56.63%～88.00%,叶被害指数为14.69～31.32,产量损失率为1.28%～32.74%,随着虫口密度增加,危害程度上升,产量损失率加大,两者具有密切相关性,建立了危害损失关系式。水稻叶片受害、光合能力减弱、幼穗分化不良、实粒减少、秕谷增加和粒重下降是导致水稻减产的主要原因。模拟测试表明,随着水稻受害生育期推迟损失增大,且分蘖期危害具有一定的补偿能力。在现有生产条件下,经济允许损失水平为2.5%～3.0%;2～3龄蝗蝻为防治适期,氟虫腈、三唑磷等有较好防治效果。提出水稻分蘖期和孕穗至破口期防治指标分别为10头/m2和5头/m2。 相似文献
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Effect of allelopathic rice varieties combined with cultural management options on paddy field weeds
BACKGROUND: A number of techniques, including cultural management, allelopathy and bioherbicide, have been considered as alternatives for synthetic herbicides, but successful weed control will require the careful integration of these multiple techniques. This study was conducted to assess the use of allelopathic rice varieties in combination with cultural management options on paddy weeds, in order to develop an allelopathy-based technique to reduce herbicide use in paddies. RESULTS: The weed-suppressive effects of the rice varieties tested varied highly with allelopathic trait, planting pattern and cultural management including planting density, flooding depth and duration and supply of nitrogen. Allelopathic rice varieties PI312777 and Huagan-1 demonstrated much stronger weed suppression than the non-allelopathic variety Huajianxian under the same planting pattern and cultural management. Their weed-suppressive effect was increased with cultural management options. In particular, if integrated cultural management options of allelopathic rice varieties included a low-dose (bensulfuron-methyl, 25 g AI ha(-1), a third of the recommended dose) herbicide application, the emergence and growth of most weeds found in paddy fields was completely controlled. No grain yield reduction for allelopathic varieties occurred under integrated cultural management options, whereas with the non-allelopathic variety a reduction of up to 45-60% was measurable even with the low-dose herbicide application. CONCLUSION: The allelopathic potential of rice varieties will likely have a great impact on paddy weed control if integrated with cultural management options and application of low doses of herbicides. Therefore, it is feasible to reduce herbicide input in paddies if allelopathic rice is grown under integrated cultural management practices. 相似文献
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诱虫植物香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确诱虫植物香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局,进行了不同种植年限和丛间距的香根草条带对控制水稻二化螟作用距离和效果的研究。结果表明,在为害程度远低于防治指标的二化螟轻发生区,田埂上种植了一年和二年香根草的稻田螟虫枯心率均显著低于没有种植香根草的对照田,其中种植了二年香根草的稻田比种植了一年香根草的稻田对螟虫的控制效果更好,丛间距为5、3和1m的二年生香根草条带对早稻的平均保苗效果分别为63.6%、47.5%和69.7%,有效作用距离达到20m以上。在二化螟常年发生较重(85.45头/百丛)的地区,大田验证试验结果表明,香根草丛间距4m、行间距50m时,稻田二化螟越冬代幼虫的虫口减退率达到84.2%。通过研究明确了稻田四周田埂或路边种植香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局为:丛间距3~5m、行间距50~60m。 相似文献
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实验室笼内研究表明,容器水面覆盖细绿萍可阻止库蚊在其中产卵,但对中华按蚊产卵无显著作用。1987年在湖南桂东县对放养细绿萍的稻田观察结果,库蚊(主要是三带喙库蚊)幼虫密度明显比对照田为低,而且随着覆盖面积比例扩大而下降率愈大,当覆盖面积达到95％时,平均下降率达78.96％,但对按蚊幼虫密度下降率甚微,这与实验室观察结果相符。在桂东县,养萍稻田每亩可收鲜萍1500-2000公斤,可用作禽畜饲料或其他作物基肥。养萍稻田也可使稻谷增产8％左右。由于养萍既可减少库蚊幼虫孳生,也有较好的经济效益,是在稻田蚊虫综合治理中值得采用的方法之一。 相似文献
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Management of bakanae and bacterial seedling blight diseases in nurseries by irradiating rice seeds with atmospheric plasma 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Ochi H. Konishi S. Ando K. Sato K. Yokoyama S. Tsushima S. Yoshida T. Morikawa T. Kaneko H. Takahashi 《Plant pathology》2017,66(1):67-76
The control of seedborne rice seedling diseases in the seed beds is important to avoid epidemics in rice nurseries and paddies, which may result in severe yield loss. Recently, irradiation with plasma containing electrons, creating positive or negative ions and neutral species, has been shown to have an antimicrobial effect, probably via generation of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether two seedborne rice seedling diseases, bakanae disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, and bacterial seedling blight caused by Burkholderia plantarii, are suppressed by irradiation of infected rice seeds with atmospheric plasma. Seed germination and seedling growth were not inhibited in plasma‐treated healthy seeds. When F. fujikuroi‐infected rice seeds were irradiated with plasma after being immersed in sterile distilled water, bakanae disease severity index and the percentage of plants with symptoms were reduced to 18.1% and 7.8% of non‐irradiated control, respectively, depending on the duration of plasma irradiation. The bacterial seedling blight disease index was also reduced by plasma irradiation in vacuum‐inoculated seeds to 38.6% of the non‐irradiated control, and in infected seeds harvested from spray‐inoculated heads of rice plants to 40.1% of the control. Therefore, plasma irradiation seems to be effective in controlling two independent seedborne rice seedling diseases. 相似文献
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针对安徽及周边地区近年来水稻条纹叶枯病大流行,以及给水稻生产带来的巨大损失,本研究以安徽地区生产上常用的16个早稻品种为材料,自然诱发探讨了不同水稻品种对条纹叶枯病的抗性,结果表明:供试16个早稻品种对条纹叶枯病的抗性可初步分为高抗、中抗和中感3个类型。其中高抗品种为‘Z7333’、‘Z7332’、‘YK19’、‘中香1号’,中抗品种为‘中早33’、‘浙辐001’、‘中早25’、‘优04-309’、‘Z5320’、‘早籼788’、‘早籼2430’、‘中基2号’、‘Z04-309’、‘Z04-113’、‘Z5317’,中感品种为‘浙辐203’。在灰飞虱成虫带毒率16.95%的基础上,调查了水稻品种‘武育粳3号’条纹叶枯病发病率与灰飞虱虫量的关系,水稻条纹叶枯病发病率与灰飞虱虫量呈显著的正相关;条纹叶枯病发病率(y)与灰飞虱虫量(x)的线性方程为:y=6.001 4+0.021 6x(R2=0.989 3*)。以离田埂距离x为自变量,发病率y为依变量,组建病害梯度曲线模型为y=0.636 103+43.557/x(R2=0.996 8)。 相似文献
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Following successful glasshouse evaluation, first-year field trials showed that cinmethylin could give excellent control of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice paddies. However, for the successful development of a herbicide in rice, a thorough understanding of its distribution over time between water, soil and plants as affected by water depth and soil type is necessary. An application of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation to laboratory paddies containing transplanted rice showed that more of the cinmethylin became associated with and moved into the soil of shallow paddies than in the more usual deep paddies. After the first day this resulted in slightly higher concentrations of cinmethylin being accumulated by the apical meristem, the site of action of cinmethylin, in shallow-paddy plants and explains the higher phytotoxicities observed in this situation. Rapid removal of cinmethylin by the soil from the paddy water could reduce that available for absorption by the apical meristem of barnyard grass, just below the water surface, and might result in poorer control of this weed. Deeper paddies are therefore recommended for the use of cinmethylin in transplanted rice. An experiment involving direct-seeded rice confirmed that a decrease in paddy water depth and higher organic-matter soils increased the association of cinmethylin with the paddy soil. Thus paddy-water concentrations and availabilities of cinmethylin to various parts of plants were influenced by water depth and soil type. In contrast to transplanted rice, the apical meristem of direct-seeded rice is submerged in the paddy water and the stem concentrations of cinmethylin were then generally correlated with the paddy-water concentrations. They were highest from the shallow, sandy paddies and lowest from the deep, silt clay loam paddies. These relative concentrations correlate with observed relative phytotoxicities of direct-seeded rice, activities against barnyard grass and the narrower selectivity margins between the weeds and the direct-seeded crop. The cinmethylin concentrations in the apical meristems of the transplanted rice were always lower than those from the direct-seeded rice and give an illustration of a classical case of depth protection' of a crop from an applied herbicide. 相似文献