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1.
Wilson RT 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(7):1419-1425
The six countries comprising the Horn of Africa are Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and Somalia. Together, they
cover an area of just under 5 million square kilometres and support a human population of 17.7 million at an average density
of 38.15 people per square kilometre (although in the purely pastoral areas population density is probably of the order of
15–16 people per square kilometre). The Horn is a major repository of domestic animal biodiversity and genetic resources and
is home to 15 million one-humped camels, 110 million cattle, 94 million goats and 102 million sheep. A list of 72 sheep “breeds”
of which 23 can be considered fat-tailed or fat-rumped has been compiled for the area, although many of these are merely subtypes
of a larger grouping and several are not native to the Horn. This paper provides information, where such is available, on
the distribution, numbers and production parameters of the fat-tailed and fat-rumped sheep that occupy the Horn. 相似文献
2.
为了研究音猬因子(sonic hedgehog, SHH)在不同品种绵羊背部皮肤中的表达差异,以探索SHH与羊毛弯曲形成的关系,选取美利奴羊和小尾寒羊作为研究对象,利用HE染色法观察2种绵羊背部皮肤的组织结构,采用免疫组织化学技术、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot方法探究2种绵羊背部皮肤中SHH蛋白和基因水平的相对表达量差异。结果显示:HE染色显示美利奴羊与小尾寒羊背部皮肤毛囊的组织结构存在毛囊数量及弯曲程度等差异;免疫组织化学试验显示,SHH蛋白在美利奴羊和小尾寒羊背部皮肤中均有表达,在美利奴羊背部皮肤中的毛乳头、毛基质、内外根鞘、皮脂腺和表皮细胞中显著表达,在小尾寒羊背部皮肤中的毛基质、内外根鞘和皮脂腺中显著表达;光密度分析显示,美利奴羊背部皮肤组织中SHH蛋白的表达量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.001);实时荧光定量PCR显示,美利奴羊SHH mRNA相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01);Western blot显示,美利奴羊SHH蛋白相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01)。提示:羊毛弯曲的形成与其组织结构有关,并受SHH的调控。 相似文献
3.
为了研究音猬因子(sonic hedgehog, SHH)在不同品种绵羊背部皮肤中的表达差异,以探索SHH与羊毛弯曲形成的关系,选取美利奴羊和小尾寒羊作为研究对象,利用HE染色法观察2种绵羊背部皮肤的组织结构,采用免疫组织化学技术、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot方法探究2种绵羊背部皮肤中SHH蛋白和基因水平的相对表达量差异。结果显示:HE染色显示美利奴羊与小尾寒羊背部皮肤毛囊的组织结构存在毛囊数量及弯曲程度等差异;免疫组织化学试验显示,SHH蛋白在美利奴羊和小尾寒羊背部皮肤中均有表达,在美利奴羊背部皮肤中的毛乳头、毛基质、内外根鞘、皮脂腺和表皮细胞中显著表达,在小尾寒羊背部皮肤中的毛基质、内外根鞘和皮脂腺中显著表达;光密度分析显示,美利奴羊背部皮肤组织中SHH蛋白的表达量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.001);实时荧光定量PCR显示,美利奴羊SHH mRNA相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01);Western blot显示,美利奴羊SHH蛋白相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01)。提示:羊毛弯曲的形成与其组织结构有关,并受SHH的调控。 相似文献
4.
本研究旨在了解酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1（tyrosinase related protein 1，TYRP1）基因在中国地方绵羊群体内的遗传变异，以及TYRP1基因突变与不同毛色表型绵羊群体的相关性。通过直接测序法和PCR-RFLP技术对10个中国地方绵羊群体进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测，利用Beagle、PLINK和POPGENE等软件对突变位点数据进行单倍型构建、连锁不平衡分析和遗传变异研究。突变位点检测结果表明，在绵羊TYRP1基因内识别了13个SNPs，其中位于TYRP1基因外显子上的10个SNPs位点，除个别位点在大尾寒羊、中国美利奴羊和岷县黑裘皮羊中没有发生突变外，其他突变位点在所有绵羊品种中均出现不同程度变异，说明中国地方绵羊群体具有较高的遗传多样性。单倍型分析结果表明，所有样本中共有42个单倍型，优势单倍型0000000000（245/918）、0100000001（91/918）在所有绵羊群体中均存在，除单倍型0101100000（93/918）在中国美利奴羊中没有出现，单倍型0001000001（69/918）在岷县黑裘皮羊、哈萨克羊群体中没有出现外，在其他群体中均存在。连锁分析结果表明，10个SNPs在所有样本中均存在2个连锁模块。群体遗传变异分析表明，中国地方绵羊群体具有较高水平的群体内遗传变异，各绵羊品种间存在明显的遗传分化模式，且各品种遗传关系与其品种传统分类结果基本一致。本研究为进一步研究TYRP1基因对绵羊毛色遗传性状的影响提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
Effects of the scab mite Psoroptes ovis on the haematology and live mass of Merino and Dorper sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five Merino and five Dorper sheep were artificially infested with the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis and the effect of infestation on their haematology, serum protein levels and live mass recorded for a period of 14 weeks. The reaction of the Merino sheep to infestation was more severe than that of the Dorper sheep. Haematological values fluctuated within the normal range during the assessment period. The mean haemoglobin concentration of the Merino sheep declined until antiparastic treatment was administered 10 weeks after infestation, after which it gradually increased. The lymphocyte counts of both breeds of sheep declined from 2 weeks to 10 weeks post-infestation, but increased after treatment, while the highest eosinophil counts were recorded in the Merino sheep at the height of the acute disease 8-10 weeks post-infestation. Serum albumin values for both breeds and serum globulin values for the Merino sheep were higher than normal during the entire 14-week observation period. A decrease in serum albumin and an increase in serum globulin concentration occurred at the height of infestation in both breeds. The mean live mass of a second group of five infested Merino sheep decreased by 6.4 kg over a 16-week period compared to a gain of 4.56 kg for five infested Dorper sheep. 相似文献
6.
利用10个微卫星座位对4个肉用绵羊品种进行遗传检测,计算出了各品种的平均杂合度、平均多态信息含量及品种间的遗传距离,并进行了系统发育分析。结果表明:10个微卫星座位上共检测到了107个等位基因,等位基因数在5~13个之间。各基因座位多态信息含量为0.498 5~0.890 4,均表现出了高度多态性。各基因座位杂合度较高,为0.563 0~0.899 5,说明肉用绵羊品种有着较丰富的遗传多样性。4个肉用绵羊品种间的遗传距离相对较远,萨福克羊和陶赛特羊先聚在一起,他们之间的遗传距离最近,为0.345 25,然后与夏洛来羊聚在一起,最后与中国美利奴羊聚在一起,中国美利奴羊与夏洛来羊之间的遗传距离最远,为0.516 39。研究结果对我国肉用绵羊资源的评估、保存和预测杂种优势具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在获得中国美利奴羊成纤维细胞生长因子10（fibroblast growth factor 10，FGF10）基因的编码区（CDS）全长序列并进行生物信息学分析，随后对FGF10基因在中国美利奴羊毛囊发育过程中的表达特征进行分析，明确其在中国美利奴羊毛囊发育过程中的表达模式，为进一步研究FGF10 mRNA表达水平与中国美利奴羊毛囊生长发育的表达调控机制奠定理论基础。采用PCR扩增获得中国美利奴羊FGF10基因CDS，并克隆到zero PCR@TM-Blunt进行测序验证；利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测FGF10在中国美利奴羊毛囊发育过程中的表达差异。结果表明，绵羊FGF10基因CDS长度为696 bp（序列上传GenBank，获得登录号：MT872422），编码231个氨基酸，与牛和山羊的氨基酸序列同源性达100%，存在1个信号肽和1个跨膜结构域，其为分泌通路信号蛋白；实时荧光定量PCR分析表明，FGF10基因在中国美利奴羊毛囊发育过程中均表达，在毛囊发育第85天表达最高，显著高于其他毛囊发育时期（P<0.05）。本研究获得中国美利奴羊FGF10基因完整的编码区序列和毛囊发育过程中的表达特征，生物信息学分析发现，FGF10基因编码区序列具有物种间的保守性，同时FGF10在绵羊毛囊不同发育阶段的皮肤组织中表达，由此表明，FGF10基因可能在绵羊毛囊的生长发育过程中发挥重要的生物学作用。 相似文献
8.
Nikbakht G Rezaii H Stear MJ Talebi MA Mahmoudzadeh H 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):547-549
Ovar-DRB1 is one of the most important response genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region of sheep. Gene polymorphism in the second exon of Ovar-DRB1 in three different Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds (Lori-Bakhtiari, Shaul and Zandi) was analyzed by either restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) or direct sequencing. A total of 92 Lori-Bakhtiari, 40 Shaul, and 47 Zandi sheep were examined. PCR-RFLP identified 17 genotypes in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, 12 in Shaul sheep and 11 in Zandi sheep. Collectively, 24 different genotypes could be found for Iranian fat-tailed sheep. Using direct sequencing, seven new sequences in exon 2 of the Ovar-DRB1 gene were identified. Generalized linear modeling with a multinomial error structure showed that the sheep populations had significantly different allele frequencies. 相似文献
9.
试验旨在研究不同品种绵羊皮肤毛囊中角蛋白关联蛋白8-1（keratin associated protein 8-1,KAP8-1）基因相对表达量,从而明确KAP8-1基因对绵羊皮肤毛囊发育的调控作用。采用Real-time PCR SYBR GreenⅠ染料法,测定KAP8-1基因荧光定量Ct值,所得结果采用2-△△Ct法计算相对表达量。结果表明,南非肉用美利奴羊（♂）×东北细毛羊（♀）组、南非肉用美利奴羊（♂）×小尾寒羊（♀）组、杜泊羊（♂）×小尾寒羊（♀）组3个品种羊皮肤毛囊内KAP8-1基因均有表达,且三者相对表达量的比值为7.56∶2.19∶1。说明KAP8-1基因对皮肤毛囊发育、羊毛品质差异均具有一定的调控作用,且品种之间存在一定的差异。 相似文献
10.
J. Quiroz A.M. Martinez L. Zaragoza R. Perezgrovas J.L. Vega-Pla J.V. Delgado 《Livestock Science》2008,116(1-3):156-161
The Tzotziles, a Mayan native group located in Chiapas, Southern Mexico, have sheep breeding as one of their principal means of subsistence. Sheep were introduced in the Americas by the Spaniards in the first half of the XVI Century. Three populations of sheep from Chiapas—Café, Chamula and Chiapas—were typed with 27 microsatellites. Genetic distances were calculated for three Iberian breeds, Spanish Merino, Churra, two Canary Islands breeds, Canaria and Palmera, and the French Mutton Merino (Precoce). In the case of Chiapas sheep most of the markers showed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the fixation index of Fst (0.095) showed a moderate level of genetic differentiation. The three distinct sheep subpopulations (Café, Chamula and Chiapas) are genetically differentiated inside the Chiapas sheep population. These breeds could be historically related to Spanish sheep populations, but have diverged significantly as a result of genetic drift and selection. 相似文献
11.
利用6个微卫星标记,采用PCR扩增,对200只中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)羊基因组DNA的遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了各位点的多态信息含量(PIC)、遗传杂合度(H)、有效等位基因数(E)和基因纯合率(Rh)等遗传指标。结果表明:除BMS772(PIC=0.2571)为中度多态外,其余微卫星位点均为高度多态;群体的平均PIC、H、E、Rh分别为0.5446、0.5684、2.5695和0.6165,此品种绵羊基因多态性和遗传多样性相对贫乏,而基因纯合率相对较高;只有BM6506位点处于哈代-温伯格平衡(P>0.05)。 相似文献
12.
This paper discusses the historical development of fat-tailed sheep in Indonesia, the dynamics of production systems, production
and reproduction performances under farmers’ conditions, and roles of sheep in livelihoods. In the eighteenth and nineteenth
century, fat-tailed sheep from southwest Asia and Africander sheep from South Africa were introduced. Crossing of fat-tailed
sheep with the local thin-tailed sheep produced the Javanese fat-tailed sheep. Main motives for the gradual change-over to
fat-tailed sheep have been their potential larger body size and the preference of consumers for their meat. Management systems
are changing in response to the intensification of land use. The reproductive performances of fat-tailed sheep are good. Households
keep four to six animals, housed close to the family quarters. This results in very high levels of faecal bacteria contamination
of drinking water sources. Sheep provide a small income, manure, security and help to accumulate capital. Sheep also play
a key role in religious festivities. Farmers hardly profit from the increased demand for the feast of sacrifice; animals are
sold mainly when the owners have urgent cash needs. Systematic sheep fattening can contribute to higher economic results,
if sufficient family labour and crop residues are available. 相似文献
13.
Njenga MJ Munyua SJ Bwangamoi O Kang'ethe EK Mugera GM Mutiga ER Wamukoya JP 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》1999,70(4):151-153
A preliminary survey on the prevalence of besnoitiosis in domestic ruminants in Kenya based on field and farm visits, clinical and post mortem examinations and histopathological examination of tissues and biopsies, showed that goats are the most affected, followed by cattle, while sheep were unaffected. Caprine besnoitiosis occurred in a continuous belt in 5 of the 8 provinces in Kenya stretching from the Coast, Eastern, North Eastern, Nairobi and the Rift Valley Provinces. Mandera, in the North Eastern Province, had the highest prevalence rate of 36%, followed by Kwale (35%), Isiolo (35%), Marsabit (33%), Wajir (28%), Nairobi (26%), Meru (24%), Garissa (21%), Taita Taveta (18%), Embu (17%), Kitui (9%), Machakos (7%), Laikipia (3%), Kajiado (2%) and Turkana and Elgeyo-Marakwet (1% each). In all flocks where the prevalence rates were over 6%, kids were observed to be affected. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the prevalence rates in bucks and does (18% and 18.4, respectively), but kids were less (4%) affected. Bovine besnoitiosis was found only in the Tana River District, with an infection rate of 11%. 相似文献
14.
国内几个绵羊品种转铁蛋白多态性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平板电泳,检测了蒙古羊、小尾寒羊、新疆肥臀羊和兰州大尾羊转铁蛋白的多态性。结果发现,蒙古羊中存在TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG和TfL6个复等位基因,TfA和TfB为优势基因,频率分别为0.3500和0.2750;小尾寒羊中存在TfA、TfB和TfC3个复等位基因,频率分别为0.3210,0.3930和0.2860;新疆肥臀羊存在TfA、TfB、TfC和TfD4个复等位基因,频率分别为0.0750,0.6750,0.2250和0.0250;兰州大尾羊中存在TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG和TfL和TfM7个复等位基因,其中TfB和TfC为优势基因,频率分别为0.4845和0.3528。蒙古羊、小尾寒羊、新疆肥臀羊和兰州大尾羊转铁蛋白基因平均杂合度分别为0.7338,0.6607,0.4875,0.6338。 相似文献
15.
不同绵羊品种FGF5基因的多态性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据人和小鼠成纤维细胞生长因子5（FGFS）基因的同源序列设计引物对绵羊基因组进行PCR扩增，将扩增片段进行克隆和测序，并与人和小鼠的成纤维细胞生长因子5基因序列进行同源性比较，确定扩增的片段为绵羊的FGF5基因片段。采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了FGF5基因外显子在小尾寒羊、湖羊、藏羊、中国美利奴等4个绵羊品种的多态性。结果表明：FGF5基因在P1和P2引物扩增片段中存在PCR-SSCP多态性。经克隆测序分析，位于外显子1的引物1扩增产物存在G→T突变，该突变位点使编码的氨基酸发生A→S的改变；引物2扩增产物发生了碱基序列C→T的突变，这一突变位点没有引起编码氨基酸的改变，属于同义突变。对不同绵羊品种的基因型和基因频率统计结果表明，引物1扩增产物小尾寒羊、湖羊、藏羊以等位基因A为主，而中国美利奴羊则以等位基因B为主，且各群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡；引物2扩增产物小尾寒羊、湖羊、中国美利奴羊均以等位基因E为主，而藏羊的基因型频率与其它品种有显著差异，中国美利奴羊在引物2位点的基因频率处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。 相似文献
16.
为了探讨MC4R和PROPI基因作为绵羊生长性状候选基因的可能性,寻找与绵羊生长性状相关的分子标记.本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法检测中国美利奴羊和德国美利奴羊MC4R和PROP1基因的多态性,分析了多态位点不同基因型及合并基因型与中国美利奴羊生长性状的关联性.结果表明:MC4R基因MC4R-3位点存在G894C突变,MC4R-4位点3′侧翼区存在A1223G、G1229A和T1307G 3个突变位点;PROP1基因在外显子3上存在A2660G突变,导致Thr181Ala改变.关联分析表明,在中国美利奴羊群体中,MC4R-4位点不同基因型个体体斜长和腰角宽差异显著(P＜o.05),优良基因型为BB; PROP1基因不同基因型个体尻宽和胸围差异显著(P＜o.05),优良基因型为BB; PROPl-MC4R-4优良基因型聚合体BB-BB个体体斜长高于其它合并基因型个体(P＜o.05).结果提示绵羊MC4R和PROP1基因单核苷酸多态性及合并基因型对中国美利奴羊生长性状有一定的影响,可以作为进行绵羊生长性状分子标记辅助选择的候选基因. 相似文献
17.
选择小尾寒羊等5个绵羊群体为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP和克隆测序等分析方法,检测促卵泡素β(FSHβ)基因CDS区的单核苷酸多态性,并分析其对小尾寒羊产羔数的遗传效应。结果表明:FSHβ基因CDS区第2外显子存在多态性,在5个绵羊群体中都表现出AA、AB和BB3种基因型。BB型第147位发生T→C的单碱基同义突变。高产羔数的小尾寒羊与甘肃高山细毛羊、特克塞尔羊、陶蒙杂种羊之间的基因型分布差异明显(P0.01)。5个绵羊群体均处于中度多态(0.25PIC0.5)。固定效应分析结果表明,场-年-季对小尾寒羊产羔数无影响(P0.05),胎次和基因型均影响产羔数(P0.05)。AA型小尾寒羊产羔数最小二乘均值比AB型的多0.77只(P0.05),比BB型的多0.74只(P0.05)。研究表明,FSHβ基因可能是控制小尾寒羊产羔数的一个主效基因或与之存在紧密连锁的一个分子遗传标记。 相似文献
18.
BAI Jun-yan YANG You-bing WANG Yu-qin PANG You-zhi WANG Xu YANG Shuai WANG Huan-ling 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(6):1778-1783
Myogenin (MyoG) gene plays a central regulatory role in the process of muscle cell differentiation, which directly affects meat production capacity of animal. In this study, 6 sheep varieties including Large-tail Han sheep, Small-tail Han sheep, Yuxizhiwei sheep, Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep, Mongolia sheep and Tong sheep were selected as experimental materials to detect the polymorphism of MyoG gene exon 1 by non denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analyze the association analysis between the polymorphism of MyoG gene exon 1 and meat quality traits in sheep. The results showed that 2 alleles (A, B) and 3 genotypes (AA, BB, AB) were detected in MyoG gene exon 1 of six sheep populations. The A allele frequency in Small-tail Han sheep, Large-tail Han sheep, Yuxizhiwei sheep, Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep, Mongolia sheep and Tong sheep were 0.5167, 0.2500, 0.4375, 0.6500, 0.5750 and 0.7125, respectively, the B allele frequency of six sheep populations were 0.4833, 0.7500, 0.5625, 0.3500, 0.4250 and 0.2875, respectively. MyoG gene exon 1 mainly affected the moisture and color of mutton, the moisture content of BB genotype was significantly higher than that of AB genotype (P< 0.01) and AA genotype (P< 0.05). The color of AB genotype was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P< 0.01) and AA genotype (P< 0.05). 相似文献
19.
Horak IG 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2003,70(3):175-186
At monthly intervals for periods ranging from 9 to 25 consecutive months between three and four Merino yearling-sheep and two Merino lambs on three farms in Eastern Cape Thornveld, and two Dorper yearling-sheep on a farm in Valley Bushveld were slaughtered and examined for helminths. The Merino sheep were infected with 15 nematode species, of which Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus spathiger and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most numerous, and with four cestode species. The Dorper sheep were infected with 17 nematode species, of which Trichostrongylus rugafus and N. spathiger were the most numerous, and with two cestode species. Haemonchus contortus was most numerous in older sheep during the summer months and exhibited no tendency to over-winter as arrested fourth stage larvae. The largest numbers of N. spathiger were present in sheep on the most coastally located of the farms during autumn and winter; on a farm further inland during spring; and on an inland farm in Valley Bushveld during spring and summer. As Merino lambs progressed from birth to 9 months of age a larger proportion of their dwindling burdens of N. spathiger was present as fourth stage larvae. Dorper sheep in Valley Bushveld harboured most Teladorsagia circumcincta in May and from October to January. Trichostrongylus rugatus was most numerous in Merino sheep on one of the Thornveld farms during September, whereas all Trichostrongylus spp., including T. rugatus, were most numerous in Dorper sheep on the Valley Bushveld farm during January. 相似文献
20.
绵羊MyoG基因外显子1的多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肌细胞生成素（myogenin,MyoG）基因在肌细胞分化过程中起着中心调节作用,直接影响着动物的产肉能力。本研究以大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊、同羊6个绵羊品种为试验材料,利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测MyoG基因外显子1的多态性,并与绵羊的肉质性状进行关联分析,探讨MyoG基因外显子1对绵羊肉质性状的影响。结果表明,MyoG基因外显子1在6个绵羊群体中均检测到3种基因型（AA、BB、AB）和2个等位基因（A、B）,在小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊、同羊群体中检测到MyoG基因外显子1的A等位基因频率分别为：0.5167、0.2500、0.4375、0.6500、0.5750和0.7125,MyoG基因外显子1的B等位基因频率分别为：0.4833、0.7500、0.5625、0.3500、0.4250和0.2875。MyoG基因外显子1主要对羊肉的水分和色泽有影响,主要表现为BB基因型水分极显著高于AB基因型（P< 0.01）,显著高于AA基因型（P< 0.05）;AB基因型的色泽极显著高于BB基因型（P< 0.01）,显著高于AA基因型（P< 0.05）。 相似文献