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1.
北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及对常用药物的敏感性,用科玛嘉显色培养基和16SrRNA PCR检测方法对5个奶牛场的100份隐性乳房炎奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定,采用K-B纸片扩增法进行药敏试验。结果表明,显色培养基分离到24株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌,经16SrRNA PCR鉴定,15株为金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,15株金黄色葡萄球菌均对β-内酰胺类中的氨苄西林产生普遍耐药性,对克林霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,分别为53.33%和40%;对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药性较低,耐药率为6.67%。说明15株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对7类9种抗菌药物都有不同程度的耐药性。 相似文献
2.
为了解新疆某规模化牛场奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况以及对常用抗生素药物的敏感程度。从该牛场采集50份乳样,采用细菌分离培养、16S rRNA鉴定、生化鉴定等方法对菌株进行分离鉴定;使用药敏纸片对已鉴定菌株进行药物敏感试验;从50份乳样中,分离出了16株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为32%;分离出1株大肠杆菌,分离率为2%。将16株金黄色葡萄球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,氨苄西林的耐药率高达100%,庆大霉素和克林霉素也产生了较低的耐药性,其耐药率均为6.25%,而恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋、呋喃妥因、多西环素等具有较强的抗菌活性,其敏感率均高于80%,本试验为牛场预防乳房以及临床用药提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(2)
金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌之一,为调查引起新疆石河子地区规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性,于石河子地区部分奶牛场采集85份临床型或隐性乳房炎奶牛的奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及耐药性试验。结果表明:从85份奶样中分离到9种共计127株细菌,经选择性培养基培养、生化试验和16S rRNA PCR鉴定,其中60株为金黄色葡萄球菌,占47.24%;还有腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌属、假单胞杆菌属、肠球菌属等。药敏试验结果表明:所有菌株对杆菌肽、青霉素、头孢氨苄和强力霉素高度耐药,耐药率分别为100%、71.67%、66.67%和76.67%;对氯霉素、氟苯尼考和阿米卡星的敏感率分别达80.00%、83.33%和66.67%;除此之外也有一些菌株对新霉素表现为既不明显耐药也不敏感现象。 相似文献
4.
5.
[目的] 了解泰州市某奶牛场乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus ）感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性。[方法] 试验选用Baird-Parker培养基分离、生化鉴定、PCR检测等方法,对采集的9份奶牛乳房炎奶样进行分离鉴定和药敏试验。[结果] 共分离到6株葡萄球菌,进一步通过凝固酶试验和16S rDNA测序等方法鉴定其中3株为金黄色葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,3株金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G均耐药,2株对四环素耐药,2株对红霉素和苯唑西林表现为中介。[结论] 该次分离的金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素G和四环素耐药,对其他常用抗生素表现为敏感。 相似文献
6.
《中国奶牛》2020,(9)
为了解上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌种类、分布及药物敏感特性,为奶牛乳房炎治疗选用敏感性药物提供依据。采集该地区奶牛场71份临床型奶牛乳房炎奶样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,71份奶样共检出金黄色葡萄球菌12株,分离率最高,为16.9%,大肠杆菌11株,占15.5%,克雷伯氏菌8株,占11.3%,粪肠球菌5株,占7.0%。药敏试验显示,4种主要病原菌主要对头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、磺胺异唑抗菌药物表现不同程度的耐药,耐药率在75.0%～100.0%,对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物较敏感,敏感率在60.0%～100.0%;多重耐药菌株共16株,占22.5%,大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌存在同时对9种和10种抗菌药物耐药现象,多重耐药较严重。说明引起该地区奶牛乳房炎的关键致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、克雷伯氏菌。细菌药敏试验结果显示:分离菌株对氨苄西林、磺胺异唑、庆大霉素具有较强耐药性;对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物敏感,上述研究结果可为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
7.
河南省临颍县奶牛乳房炎病原菌感染情况调查与药敏分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医杂志》2020,(3)
为初步分析临颍县奶牛乳房炎致病菌的种类与感染情况,并对其主要病原菌进行药敏分析,本试验对全县部分地区采集患有奶牛乳房炎的乳汁样品73份,分离并鉴定病原菌。结果表明:共分离96株菌株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌、棒状杆菌和大肠杆菌的分离比例分别为38.54%、30.21%、17.71%和13.54%。对金黄色葡萄球菌和乳房链球菌分离菌株的药敏试验结果表明:2种菌株对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星敏感,对青霉素和氨苄西林具有较强的耐药性,不同菌株对其他药物耐药程度有较大差异,提示环丙沙星和恩诺沙星可作为该地区奶牛乳房炎治疗的首选药物。 相似文献
8.
为指导江苏地区奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的临床用药,本研究对2015-2018年江苏地区部分奶牛场的牛奶样品进行细菌分离,使用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)方法和纸片法对分离菌株进行鉴定和药物敏感性分析,对分离得到的葡萄球菌进行了葡萄球菌D环实验,并且使用PCR技术检测了D环实验阳性菌株携带的耐药基因。结果显示:218株细菌鉴定为葡萄菌属细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌58株,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)160株;药敏试验表明,能耐三种以上药物的菌株占64.22%,耐药率最高的药物为青霉素,有82.11%分离菌株耐药,耐药率最低为头孢西丁,无分离菌株对其耐药;共有6株葡萄球菌分离株D环实验阳性,同时PCR结果显示,耐药基因D环实验阳性菌株携带的均为ermA基因。本研究为临床用药与研究菌株流行趋势提供可靠数据,对临床选择合适药物和奶牛乳房炎监测有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(9)
对呼和浩特市周边患有奶牛乳房炎的50份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验,初步探讨奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的耐药特征,比较蒙药与抗生素的抗菌差异。试验结果显示:患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占分离菌的37%;链球菌13株,占分离菌的27%;大肠杆菌17株,占分离菌的35%。药敏试验结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素、头孢噻吩、阿莫西林、克林霉素等药物不敏感,耐药率达到88%以上;而链球菌对青霉素及克林霉素、链霉素不敏感,耐药率达到84.6%以上,对环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素等中度敏感或不敏感。2种蒙药复方对奶牛常见致病菌的抑菌圈直径均大于15.56 mm。在奶牛乳房炎常见菌对青霉素类、头孢类、林可酰胺类药物产生一定的耐药性的情况下,2种蒙药复方对奶牛乳房炎常见菌具有良好的抗菌作用,无耐药性。 相似文献
10.
《中国奶牛》2015,(7)
为调查北京某牛场乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,采集该牛场48头奶牛的乳头涂抹点、牛乳、粪便以及卧床土等200份样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验,共检出可疑菌株142株,并通过耐热核酸酶试验、触酶试验、凝固酶试验等确定出致病性金黄色葡萄球菌47株。药敏试验结果表明,分离的47株菌株对多种药物具有不同程度的耐受性,对牛场常用药青霉素的耐药率高达83%,对氨苄西林、链霉素的耐药率分别为60%、53%,已具有较高的耐药性,建议不再经常使用;氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、万古霉素、头孢哌酮、头孢唑啉、头孢噻吩、阿米卡星等具有较强的抗菌活性(S﹥80%),可用于奶牛乳房炎的临床用药。本研究结果为该牛场在对乳房炎致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的诊断及治疗药物的选择方面提供了技术服务。 相似文献
11.
为确定患乳房炎奶牛乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行性和耐药性状况,试验自2018年4月至2018年5月采集了新疆地区70例和内蒙古地区50例患乳房炎奶牛生鲜乳样。通过对奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌进行增菌培养、分离纯化,KB纸片扩散法药敏试验及PCR耐药基因检测发现,新疆和内蒙古地区奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌分离率分别为28.6%和54.0%;新疆地区分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株对青霉素G的耐药性最高(75.0%),其次是磺胺异噁唑(60.0%)、林可霉素(55.0%);内蒙古地区的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株同样对青霉素G高度耐受,耐药率为70.4%,其次为林可霉素(63.0%)、克林霉素(51.9%);两地区所分离菌株中,88.9%以上携带多种耐药基因,呈现多重耐药性;两地区所检出的高频耐药基因分别是新疆地区的ermA(30.0%)、dfrS1(30.0%)基因和内蒙古地区的lnuA(46.2%)基因。 相似文献
12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antimicrobial resistance patterns of major mastitis pathogens isolated from milk samples from dairy cows have changed over time. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 8905 bacterial isolates obtained from milk samples submitted to the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between January 1994 and June 2001. PROCEDURE: Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Logistic regression was used to determine whether percentages of isolates resistant to various antimicrobials changed over time. RESULTS: For the gram-positive mastitis pathogens, percentages of isolates resistant to various flactam antimicrobials did not increase over the course of the study. Percentage of Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to penicillin decreased from 49 to 30%; percentage of Streptococcus isolates resistant to penicillin decreased from 6 to 1%. Percentage of isolates resistant to erythromycin increased for S aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp, and Pasteurella spp. Percentage of isolates resistant to lincomycin increased for S aureus and Staphylococcus spp. Percentage of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates resistant to pirlimycin increased from 6 to 19%. For several pathogens, percentages of isolates resistant to sulfisoxazole and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased. No pathogens had a significant increase in the percentage of isolates resistant to novobiocin-penicillin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results did not indicate a trend toward increased antimicrobial resistance among mastitis pathogens isolated from milk samples from dairy cows between 1994 and 2001. Reduced resistance to flactam antimicrobials was identified for several gram-positive mastitis pathogens. 相似文献
13.
Aarestrup FM AgersŁ Y Ahrens P JŁrgensen JC Madsen M Jensen LB 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(4):353-364
The species distribution, susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and presence of selected genes encoding resistance to macrolides, streptogramins and tetracyclines were examined among 118 staphylococcal isolates from infections of poultry in Denmark. Isolates were identified using a combination of conventional biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequencing. The most common species were Staphylococcus aureus (83), Staphylococcus hyicus (11), Staphylococcus xylosus (9) and Staphylococcus cohnii (6). The isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. A high frequency of S. aureus (30%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Only six (7%) S. aureus isolates and one Staphylococcus saprophyticus were penicillin resistant. Resistance to sulphamethoxazole was observed among 16 (19%) of S. aureus isolates and two coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). Twenty (24%) of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 19 of these isolates contained the ermA gene, whereas the remaining isolate contained the ermC gene. Eleven (48%) of the novobiocin resistant CNS were resistant to erythromycin and all these isolates contained the ermA gene. Two isolates identified as S. xylosus, were found to be resistant to streptogramins and both contained the vatB- and the vgaB-genes. Thirty-nine (47%) of the S. aureus isolates, three of nine S. hyicus and eight of the 23 novobiocin resistant CNS were tetracycline resistant and all contained the tet(K) gene. A single S. aureus isolate also contained the tet(M) gene. The present study showed a frequent occurrence of resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and macrolides among staphylococci isolated from broilers in Denmark, whereas the occurrence of resistance to other antimicrobial agents remains low. Similar genes, encoding resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and streptogramins to those previously observed, were detected. 相似文献
14.
2010年从贵州省猪肉和牛奶样品中分离鉴定出73株葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌50株,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌23株。采用琼脂稀释法检测其对18种抗菌药物的敏感性,运用统计学方法比较分析金黄色葡萄球菌与凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药性差异。结果显示,动物性食品源葡萄球菌耐药较严重,对临床上常用药物耐药率较高,且为多重耐药,其中乳源葡萄球菌的多重耐药现象较猪肉源葡萄球菌严重;猪肉源金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素类、四环素和大环内酯类耐药,乳源金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、四环素、克林霉素、泰妙菌素及利福平耐药;猪肉源凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌主要对氨苄西林、苯唑西林和泰妙菌素耐药,乳源凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药谱与乳源金黄色葡萄球菌类似。 相似文献
15.
Anderson KL Lyman RL Bodeis-Jones SM White DG 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(7):1185-1191
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether particular antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bovine mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolates were associated with specific S aureus genotypes. SAMPLE POPULATION:357 S aureus isolates recovered from milk samples submitted for diagnostic bacteriologic testing from 24 dairy herds. PROCEDURES: Antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus isolates was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to 14 antimicrobial agents. After digestion of S aureus genomic DNA by SmaI, electrophoretic patterns were obtained via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and used to classify isolates into types. Gels were analyzed, and data were used to prepare dendrograms. RESULTS: 308 of 357 (86%) S aureus isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials evaluated. Forty-nine S aureus isolates were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobials; of these isolates, 37 were resistant only to penicillin, 9 were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, 2 were resistant to tetracycline, and 1 was resistant to erythromycin. Isolates were assigned to 7 PFGE types. An association was found between PFGE type and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Organisms with resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents were identified in only 4 of the 7 types of S aureus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Antimicrobial resistance was uncommon among the mastitis-causing S aureus isolates identified in the milk samples. A limited number of genotypes were associated with mastitis in these herds. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were associated with particular S aureus PFGE types; this association may have implications for future treatment and control of S aureus-associated mastitis in cattle. 相似文献
16.
Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunist that can cause superficial to life-threatening illnesses in a variety of animal species. In poultry, this organism has been implicated in osteomyelitis, synovitis, and cellulitis. Whereas most infections can be treated with antibiotics, because of the organism's propensity to acquire antimicrobial resistance, it is important to continually monitor antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical isolates. We surveyed 77 clinical poultry S. aureus isolates, collected from 1998 to 2000, for susceptibilities to a panel of 18 antimicrobial agents. Thirty-six percent of isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. Forty-three and 16% of avian S. aureus were resistant to one and two antibiotics respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were commonly resistant to tetracycline (40%; minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]90 > 32 microg/ml), lincomycin (19%; MIC90 > 32 microg/ml), erythromycin (12%; MIC90 > 8 microg/ml), and kanamycin (8%; MIC90 < 128 microg/ml). All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, nitrofurantion, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and the production antimicrobials virginiamycin, salinomycin, and flavomycin. A periodic assessment of antimicrobial susceptibilities of important avian pathogens like S. aureus will be important in helping the clinician's choice of antibiotic to control infection. 相似文献
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我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药现状及药敏检测方法探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为调查我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的临床耐药现状,对2009年以来新疆、浙江、山东、内蒙古和上海五省区不同地方分离的120株金黄色葡萄球菌用纸片扩散法进行临床药敏试验。结果显示,新疆分离株对红霉素、克林霉素、青霉素、复方新诺明、多西环素、四环素耐药,22%的菌株对头孢西丁耐药,43%的对氯霉素耐药,64%的对环丙沙星耐药,58%的对庆大霉素耐药;其它4地区分离株耐药情况更为严重,除头孢西丁以外,对其它9种抗生素均耐药。对菌株的多重耐药情况分析发现,新疆分离株中对5种以上抗生素耐药的占86.1%,对10种抗生素完全耐药的占17.4%;而内地分离株的数据为100%和38.2%。此外,在试验中鉴定出33株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,新疆19株,占新疆菌株的22.1%,内地四地区14株,占内地分离株的41.2%。结合2005~2009年间发表的相关耐药数据的分析结果,研究显示,我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌呈现多重耐药,且出现了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,并在不同地区分离株中占有一定的比例;研究还发现,新疆分离株与浙江、山东、内蒙古和上海四地分离株的耐药情况有较大差异。此外,在整理药敏试验资料时,发现在金黄色葡萄球菌药敏试验中,药物的选择没有遵循选药规则,试验操作不规范和试验结果的报告不规范等问题,对此提出一些探讨性建议,供试验人员参考。 相似文献
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为了掌握湖南省内奶牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药,抽取牛乳样品,通过对细菌的分离培养和纯化,采用基质辅助激光电离飞行时间质谱仪和全自动生化鉴定仪进行鉴定,并对分离菌株进行18种抗菌药物耐药性检测;结合耐药表型和mecA基因检测判定MRSA菌株。结果显示,2020-2021年从湖南地区257份牛乳样品中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌39株,89.74%的临床分离菌株表现为不同程度耐药,其中对青霉素耐药最为严重,耐药率达82.05%;对红霉素、克林霉素、替米考星、庆大霉素、头孢西丁耐药率在20%-35%之间;对多西环素及万古霉素绝对敏感,耐药率为0。38.46%分离菌株表现为多重耐药,以7重耐药最多。鉴定出19株MRSA,其中包含15株OS-MRSA和4株OR-MRSA。本研究可为湖南省内奶牛企业制定合理用药措施提供依据。 相似文献
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Jones RD Kania SA Rohrbach BW Frank LA Bemis DA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(2):221-227
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resistance to oxacillin and other antimicrobials in 3 Staphylococcus spp commonly isolated from dogs increased from 2001 to 2005. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION: 1,772 clinical samples of various types obtained from dogs examined at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital or at regional veterinary hospitals and submitted to the bacteriology and mycology laboratories associated with the teaching hospital. PROCEDURES: Samples were submitted by attending veterinarians to the bacteriology and mycology laboratories for routine aerobic microbial culture. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility procedures were performed on all isolates. Susceptibility reports for each antimicrobial and Staphylococcus spp were determined from aggregate electronically archived test results. Oxacillin and multidrug resistance for Staphylococcus intermedius was analyzed by reviewing disk diffusion zone measurements. RESULTS: Oxacillin resistance increased among S. intermedius isolates during the past 5 years, and the increase was associated with multidrug resistance. In 2005, 1 in 5 Staphylococcus spp isolates from canine clinical samples was resistant to oxacillin. The most common staphylococcal species isolated were S. intermedius (n = 37), Staphylococcus schleiferi (21), and Staphylococcus aureus (4), and frequencies of oxacillin resistance in isolates of these species were 15.6%, 46.6%, and 23.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians should be aware of the potential for empiric drug treatment failures in instances where Staphylococcus spp infections are common (eg, pyoderma). Judicious use of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing is recommended. 相似文献