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易保防治西瓜炭疽病试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
易保 68.75％水分散粒剂 (下简称易保 )是美国杜邦公司的产品，它的有效成分是由易灵 (famoxadone)和代森锰锌混配而成的。2001年 5月，我们在山东省昌乐县昌乐镇示范园大拱棚西瓜地中，用易保 800倍液，以 80％炭疽福美可湿性粉剂 800倍液和清水作对照。每 667 m2喷药液45 kg。每处理小区20 m2，随机排列，重复3次。于 5月10日第─次施药； 7 d后调查，易保防效为 67.1％，炭疽福美防效为 61.5％。 5月17日第二次施药， 7 d后调查，易保防效为96.9％，而炭疽福美的防效为 68.5％。可见易保是防治西瓜炭疽病的良好药剂。 易保防治西瓜炭疽病… 相似文献
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１９９５～１９９７年从广东博罗、惠州、东莞等地采集白菜绵腐病株,经分离、纯化、鉴定和致病性测定,证实其病原菌为Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍａｐｈａｎｉｄｅｒｍａｔｕｍ（Ｅｄｓ．）Ｆｉｔｚｐ．。该菌菌丝生长的温度范围为１４～４０℃,最适温度３０～３４℃。菌丝生长的ｐＨ范围为３～１０,最适ｐＨ６～７,对接种的７科１８种植物均具有致病力。抑菌试验表明,９种供试杀菌剂中以瑞毒霉、炭疽福美、霜霉威、霜脲锰锌对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强。瑞毒霉、炭疽福美田间防治效果达８０．５％～９３．６％。 相似文献
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农业部发布了第2032号公告,决定对氯磺隆、福美胂等7种高风险农药逐步采取禁限用管理措施,并列出了清晰的执行时间表——自2015年12月31日起,将禁止福美胂、福美甲胂、氯磺隆所有产品和甲磺隆、胺苯磺隆单剂在国内销售和使用; 相似文献
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我国对草莓炭疽根腐病的重视程度亟待提高 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
草莓炭疽根腐病是近年来发生较为普遍和严重的草莓病害,但对该病害的认识不足甚至存在误区。本文介绍了草莓炭疽根腐病与草莓红中柱根腐病在症状表现、病原菌种类及用药策略上的不同,并指出了国内草莓炭疽病发生和危害的特点,勿将炭疽根腐病误认为是红中柱根腐病。 相似文献
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几种药剂对草莓炭疽病的效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂、50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂、40%福美锌可湿性粉剂和70%代森联干悬浮剂4种药剂对草莓炭疽病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,4种药剂对菌丝生长的EC50的大小顺序为:50%咪鲜胺40%福美锌70%代森联48%波尔多液,50%咪鲜胺的EC50为6.24 mg/L。并选取毒力较好的50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂和40%福美锌可湿性粉剂进行了田间药效测定,48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂作为对照。试验发现:50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂在田间的效果最好,其800 mg/L处理在田间2次药后7 d的防效达到了80.26%,与对照药剂48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂间存在显著性差异。 相似文献
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甘肃省马铃薯炭疽病的鉴定及室内药剂筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在甘肃省马铃薯主要种植区的田间和贮藏库中分别采集不同时期发病植株和块茎,进行症状描述,并进行病原菌分离鉴定和致病性测定,以及室内药剂筛选。结果表明,该病害在茎秆上形成褐色长条斑;叶片上症状多不明显;薯块上病斑近圆形或不规则形,略下陷,逐渐褐色腐烂;在发病部位形成分生孢子盘;马铃薯炭疽病菌菌丝无色至浅褐色,有隔膜;分生孢子盘黑褐色,其上着生有分隔和顶部渐尖的刚毛;分生孢子棒状,无色;分生孢子梗无色,具分隔,紧密排列在分生孢子盘上;通过ITS序列同源性分析,与已报道的Colletotrichum coccodes相似性达100%。基于病原形态特征和ITS序列分析结果,鉴定该病原菌为球炭疽菌(Colletotrichum coccodes),其引起的病害为马铃薯炭疽病。经室内毒力测定,甲基硫菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑.苯醚甲环唑、苯醚甲环唑.嘧菌酯、肟菌.戊唑醇、咪鲜胺锰盐和噻霉酮对马铃薯炭疽病菌的EC50小于10,理论上对该病害有较好的控制作用。 相似文献
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<正>加拿大有害生物监督管理局(PMRA)在对乙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸酯类(EBDC)杀菌剂进行重新评估后,决定取消福美铁和福美锌在农业上的全部使用,停止福美双在农业上的部分使用。2016年,基于对人类健康和环境风险的担忧,PMRA提议取消三种杀菌剂的所有使用。在加拿大,福美铁登记在梨果、核果、温室蔬菜、葡萄藤、烟草苗床和云杉球果上使用。福美锌在加拿大全国范围内登记在黄瓜、西红 相似文献
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板栗（CastaneamollissimaBI．）是我国重要的干果之一，栗实病害种类较多，发生规律不同。自１９９８年来，作者在对山东省板栗病害种类进行系统研究基础上，认为板栗炭疽犤Colletotrichumgloeosporioides（Penz．）Sacc．犦病是栗实中的最严重种类，病原菌在田间侵染叶片和果实，并发病，于贮藏期在栗实上严重发生。对较多种类的栗实病害，其防治应分为两种情况，采用不同对策。生长至贮藏期病害的防治，如板栗炭疽病，应重点抓防治病害在生长期的侵染和发展；贮藏期病害的防治主要在贮藏前预防，贮藏期加强贮藏环境管理。目前尚未见有… 相似文献
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Birgit Jensen Inge M.B. Knudsen Dan Funck Jensen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(3):233-242
In six field experiments, seed treatment with Clonostachys rosea (IK726) significantly reduced disease caused by Fusarium culmorum. IK726 was active against the pathogen at average soil temperatures at sowing ranging from 6.2 to 12 °C. Both in the field experiments and in growth chamber experiments conducted in sand, dried and stored conidia of IK726 controlled F. culmorum as effectively as freshly harvested conidia. A high correlation was found between disease index ratings from field experiments and from corresponding growth chamber sand tests. Amendment with the stickers Pelgel or Sepiret did not influence control activity. The effective dosages of IK726 (cfu/seed) were estimated in bioassays and were very similar for freshly harvested conidia and for dried conidia. With a density of > 5×103 conidia per seed more than 80% disease control was repeatedly obtained with both types of conidia. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A 3-year experiment was conducted in field microplots infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 at Córdoba, Spain, in order to assess efficacy of an integrated management strategy for Fusarium wilt of chickpea that combined the choice of sowing date, use of partially resistant chickpea genotypes, and seed and soil treatments with biocontrol agents Bacillus megaterium RGAF 51, B. subtilis GB03, nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo 90105, and Pseudomonas fluorescens RG 26. Advancing the sowing date from early spring to winter significantly delayed disease onset, reduced the final disease intensity (amount of disease in a microplot that combines disease incidence and severity, expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible amount of disease in that microplot), and increased chickpea seed yield. A significant linear relationship was found between disease development over time and weather variables at the experimental site, with epidemics developing earlier and faster as mean temperature increased and accumulated rainfall decreased. Under conditions highly conducive for Fusarium wilt development, the degree of disease control depended primarily on choice of sowing date, and to a lesser extent on level of resistance of chickpea genotypes to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5, and the biocontrol treatments. The main effects of sowing date, partially resistant genotypes, and biocontrol agents were a reduction in the rate of epidemic development over time, a reduction of disease intensity, and an increase in chickpea seedling emergence, respectively. Chickpea seed yield was influenced by all three factors in the study. The increase in chickpea seed yield was the most consistent effect of the biocontrol agents. However, that effect was primarily influenced by sowing date, which also determined disease development. Effectiveness of biocontrol treatments in disease management was lowest in January sowings, which were least favorable for Fusarium wilt. Sowing in February, which was moderately favorable for wilt development, resulted in the greatest increase in seed yield by the biocontrol agents. In March sowings, which were most conducive for the disease, the biocontrol agents delayed disease onset and increased seedling emergence. B. subtilis GB03 and P. fluorescens RG 26, applied either alone or each in combination with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo 90105, were the most effective treatments at suppressing Fusarium wilt, or delaying disease onset and increasing seed yield, respectively. The importance of integrating existing control practices, partially effective by themselves, with other control measures to achieve appropriate management of Fusarium wilt and increase of seed yield in chickpea in Mediterranean-type environments is demonstrated by the results of this study. 相似文献
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1985年设置流行观察圃,以4个品种、4种播期、两种种子传毒率的种子,系统观察各因素对病害流行的作用。另设综合防治田,品种与观察圃相同;采取隔离种植、种传率低、适期播种及早期拔除病苗等措施。1986年用相同的4个品种,设5个隔离试区,各播种不同种传率(0—33％)的种子,测定播种种子传毒率对流行的影响。结果证明:传毒种子是当地最主要的侵染来源,田间杂草不传病,蚜虫传播距离多在100米以内,花期以后被侵染的植株,其种传率显著降低。播种种子传毒率与田间流行程度及收获种子传毒率相关显著。所用防病措施效果明显,可控制田间病情指数为4％、种传率为0％、种子斑驳率低于4％。 相似文献
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Co‐operative versus non‐co‐operative farmers' weed control decisions in an agricultural landscape 
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下载免费PDF全文 J L Gonzalez‐Andujar 《Weed Research》2018,58(5):327-330
This study presents a simple landscape model of the influence of seed dispersal on weed population dynamics between fields. In the model, three fields are interconnected through weed seed dispersal, where seed might move with field equipment, in irrigation water or may be wind‐dispersed. The model is intended to characterise the impact of field‐level weed management decisions on landscape‐level weed population dynamics. Two simple scenarios were studied. The first simulates farmers adopting common effective methods of control on each of the three fields. In the second scenario, farmers manage the weed population independently on each of the three fields. In the first scenario, weed populations were driven to extinction as might be expected with uniformly high levels of weed suppression in each of the three fields. In the second scenario, when the two nearest fields in the sequence experienced control, the weed population was driven to extinction in the second field but not in the first where weed populations were able to survive in spite of high levels of suppression. The results suggest that control measures within a field may not adequately reflect their impact on weed population dynamics when between field seed movement occurs. Another important result is the importance of proximity and spatial arrangement of fields and the resulting influence on weed population dynamics within a field. 相似文献
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C. F. E. Topp G. Hughes I. M. Nevison A. Butler S. J. P. Oxley N. D. Havis 《Plant pathology》2019,68(6):1179-1187
A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease. 相似文献
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Munzer El-Naimi Hala Toubia-Rahme Omar F. Mamluk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(5):433-437
Common bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. tritici, is a major seed and soil-borne disease in West Asia and North Africa. The use of resistant cultivars and chemical seed-treatments are the current control measures used to combat this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate alternative control measures to chemical seed-treatments that are environmentally friendly to support cultivar resistance. Several organic nutrients [skimmed milk powder, hucket (local skimmed milk) and wheat flour] at a concentration of 160g per kg of seeds were used as seed-treatments on two susceptible bread and durum wheat cultivars (Bau and Sebou, respectively) to examine their effectiveness in controlling the disease. Field trials over four years showed that skimmed milk powder, hucket, and wheat flour reduced common bunt infection levels by 96%, 93% and 62%, respectively. In most cases, the effectiveness of the skimmed milk powder and hucket was equal to the chemical seed-treatment; thus, these organic nutrients offer an effective and environmentally safe alternative to chemical treatments. However, a study of their economic value as well as of their effect on seed germination, and field emergence is needed. 相似文献
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布朗李叶枯病病原鉴定及药剂筛选 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
布朗李叶枯病在湖南布朗李树上一般株发病率为20％～35％,叶发病率10％～25％,病情指数10～25;严重地区株发病率达100％,叶发病率50％～70％,病情指数25～35。病原菌为Macrophoma kawatsakai Hara。病菌从叶尖或叶缘侵入,形成叶枯或半圆形的病斑。实验室药剂筛选证实,抑制该菌菌丝生长效果良好的化学药剂有:70％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、40％菌克星可湿性粉剂、50％退菌特可湿性粉剂、55％疫霜锰锌可湿性粉剂、80％新万生可湿性粉剂等;抑制孢子萌发效果良好的化学药剂有:70％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、55％疫霜锰锌可湿性粉剂、50％退菌特可湿性粉剂、80％新万生可湿性粉剂、70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、45％石硫合剂可湿性粉剂等。 相似文献
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1955年室內和大田噴撒石灰粉的防治試驗結果說明,在雨后天晴的情况下噴撒石灰粉有一定的防治效果。 1958年春曾进行了1007亩(其中对照239亩)种子消毒的防治試驗。用0.5％的西力生或賽力散燜种3小时,或用0.2％西力生浸种12小时,种子发芽率不受影响,苗期发病率显著降低,大田发病日期稍为延迟,发病严重度大为減輕。 1956—1957年早晚季連續四次(每次試驗面积100亩以上)进行换用无病田种子及剷除李氏禾杂草的大田防治試驗,防治結果都很好。1958年春季在从化县街口公社国星大队成功地完成了大面积(3600亩)的防治示范試驗,全部不发病。但是,李氏禾是否本病的野生寄主,剷除李氏禾在防治上是否必要,尚有不同看法,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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D. SHTIENBERG 《Plant pathology》1991,40(3):415-421
Effects of leaf susceptibility and seed treatment with the systemic fungicides tebuconazole (Raxil) or difenoconazole (Dragon) on Altenaria macrospora in Pima cotton were examined under glasshouse conditions and in the field. In the absence of fungicide, the susceptibility of cotyledons to Alternaria- induced shedding increased with seedling age. Effects of seed treatment with fungicide were evident even on the third true leaves, and persisted up to 39 days after planting. Disease suppression was determined both by the fungicide and also by the susceptibility of the host tissue: seed treatment suppressed Alternaria-induced shedding of cotyledons for 18 days, but not 29 days after planting In a field trial, disease progress was delayed by 20-24 days in plots planted with treated seeds. The effect persisted for up to 86 days after planting. Alternaria-induced defoliation at later stages of the season was not affected by the seed treatment. No significant differences in disease control were detected between the two fungicides. 相似文献