共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
以我国草坪最常用的黑麦草、早熟禾、高羊茅等三种草类为例。分别采用不同的灌水周期，测量了在4～9月5个月中土壤含水率的变化，并结合其间的降水量、日均耗水量等因素，分析了不同草坪草种类的耗水规律。研究了耗水量变化及对草坪草生长状况的影响。提出了该三种草的设计耗水强度与灌溉制度。 相似文献
2.
基于遥感ET数据的区域水资源状况及典型农作物耗水分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以遥感ET及实测降水数据为基础,借助GIS技术开展水分盈亏分析研究;同时依据项目区土地利用现状,选择冬小麦、夏玉米、棉花及人工草坪为重点分析对象,对其耗水及灌溉耗水规律进行研究。结果表明:①大兴区耗水量与降水量在总量上不平衡,时空上不匹配,在现状土地利用下若无外来水补充,则不得不超采地下水,资源型缺水突出。②冬小麦和夏玉米耗水年际变化不大,而棉花及人工草坪随降水增加耗水增大;分析作物耗水与降水的吻合性发现,冬小麦耗水与降水匹配性最差,其次为人工草坪,而夏玉米及棉花耗水与降水匹配较好。③在所选择的4种作物中小麦灌溉耗水量最大,达230 mm以上;其次为人工草坪,其灌溉耗水量超过189 mm;夏玉米及棉花灌溉耗水量较小。 相似文献
3.
《节水灌溉》2015,(11)
以覆膜滴灌玉米为试验材料,采用田间试验,设置不同土壤水分控制下限,研究不同土壤水分处理对玉米植株生长指标、耗水量、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:不同土壤水分处理下,玉米株高和叶面积具有相似的变化规律;玉米全生育期需水规律为苗期小,拔节-灌浆期增大,成熟期减小,灌浆期为需水高峰期;各生育阶段模系数存在差异;玉米日耗水强度在整个生育期呈现出中间大、两头小的规律,灌浆期日均耗水强度达到最高,达4.99mm/d;中水分处理GGDE3 WUE最高,达到2.95kg/m3,其对应的产量也较高。通过对产量和耗水规律的分析,得出适合当地覆膜滴灌玉米适宜土壤水分控制下限为苗期65%FC、拔节期70%FC、抽穗期70%FC、灌浆期70%FC、成熟期65%FC。 相似文献
4.
不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯形态指标、耗水量及产量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过田间设置不同土壤水分控制下限,研究了不同土壤水分处理对马铃薯形态指标、耗水量及产量的影响,并分析比较各处理水分利用效率(WUE)。结果表明,不同土壤水分处理下,马铃薯株高和叶面积指数(LAI)变化趋势一致,中水分WM处理植株形态指标最高;耗水模数总体上呈现先增大后减小的趋势;受土壤水分的影响,各测定时期处理间的耗水模数均存在差异;马铃薯日耗水强度在整个生育期表现为先增后减的趋势,块茎形成期日平均耗水强度达到最高,为5.80 mm/d;高水分WH处理WUE最低,中水分WM处理WUE最高,达到6.05 kg/mm,其最高值与产量的最高值并不对应。研究结果可为马铃薯合理灌溉及增产节水提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
《中国农村水利水电》2019,(12)
为探寻不同灌水器压力及不同微润灌溉模式下枣树生长情况,试验设置了两种灌水压力(0.01、0.02 MPa)及3种不同灌水方式,试验结果表明:枣树主要吸收根系分布范围10～60 cm土层的耗水量和供水量大体保持平衡,土壤含水率保持在70%θ_f～75%θ_f之间;枣树生长期灌水量以处理S2最大,S1次之,S3灌水量最小;耗水强度以S2最大,S1次之,S3灌水量最小,各处理间灌水量与耗水强度变化趋势一致;枣树全生育期中各处理地径生长量S2S1S3,新枝生长量S1S2S3,不同处理枣树地径增长量和新枝生长量中S3与S1和S2之间的差异均达到了极显著水平,S1和S2之间差异均不显著,据此,枣树全生长期微润灌溉方案以处理S2最优,处理S1次之,综合来看,枣树全生长期微润灌溉方案以处理S2最优,处理S1次之;以各月生长量为目标优选,5月、6月、7月和8月的微润灌溉方案以处理S2最优,9月以处理S3方案最优。 相似文献
6.
基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宁杞7号枸杞为研究对象,在宁夏同心县开展2 a田间试验.设置4个关键控水期、3个控水水平共8个处理,研究枸杞不同生育期不同水分下限条件下根区土壤含水率、叶片光合生理指标、产量与品质变化;分析其耗水规律与水分利用效率,提出基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度.结果表明:不同水分处理枸杞根区20~60 cm土层土壤含水率最大;叶片气孔导度随土壤下限升高而增大,高水分下限处理的蒸腾速率相对较大,叶片水分利用效率则相反;生育期耗水量随土壤水分下限升高而增大,2 a增幅分别为10.8%和12.8%,平均耗水量为386.6~463.2 mm,夏果期耗水量最大且差异具有统计学意义,是关键需水期.2 a均为处理S5的产量最大分别为2 208.15和2 571.30 kg/hm2,水分利用效率最高为0.39 kg/m3;水分处理对蛋白质含量影响差异不具有统计学意义,低土壤水分下限的枸杞多糖含量相对较高;全生育期分为6个灌水期,其中萌芽期灌水(春水)为375 m3/hm2;春梢生长期、花期、夏果期、秋果期的土壤质量含水率下限分别为50%θf(θf为田间持水率),65%θf,65%θf,55%θf,而上限为95%θf;休眠期冬灌量为450 m3/hm2. 相似文献
7.
以白菜为试验材料,研究了冬季供热温室滴灌条件下不同土壤水分下限(分别为田间持水率(FC)的60%、70%、80%)对其根冠发育、品质及产量的影响,同时通过测定土壤含水率变化得出各处理植株耗水强度变化规律。分析表明,80%FC下限处理结球期白菜株高、冠幅、结球直径以及0～30cm土层内根长密度、根表面积密度均要高于中、低水分处理,其冠层发育及根系分生能力较强;高水分下限处理会显著降低白菜还原型Vc含量。温室内蒸发力较强,苗期、莲作期各处理植株耗水强度无明显差异,结球期高水分下限处理植株耗水量总体高于其他处理,生育末期由于停止供热等因素耗水强度均有所下降;70%FC处理白菜水分生产效率最高(79.90kg/m3)。综合考虑产量、品质以及水分利用效率等因素,在冬季温室供热条件下选择田间持水率70%的水分下限为设施栽培白菜的最优灌溉处理水平。 相似文献
8.
为探究高原农区春青稞农田耗水规律、干物质积累及产量对土壤水分变化的响应,以"喜马拉22"为试材,于田间设置了75%～80%θ_f(CF)、65%～70%θ_f(QK_1)、55%～60%θ_f(QK_2)和45%～50%θ_f(QK_3) 4个土壤水分下限调控水平和1个旱作处理(CK),分析了不同土壤水分水平调控下的春青稞耗水特性、干物质积累及产量变化。结果表明:春青稞生育期耗水量、耗水强度呈先升高后降低再回升的趋势,且二者随土壤水分调控下限的降低呈直线下降,耗水强度基本在5 mm/d左右浮动。灌水较旱作处理提高了春青稞干物质积累量,平均增幅16.08%。QK_1、QK_2、QK_3较CF降低了春青稞干物质积累量及其相对生长率,且生长后期的干物质积累量、相对生长率随土壤水分调控下限的降低而减小。干物质积累与气象因子间的回归分析表明降雨量与干物质积累间线性关系极显著,相关系数r=0.980 3。灌水较旱作处理提高了春青稞产量,增产幅度介于11.74%～53.46%之间。当土壤水分调控下限降至55%～60%θ_f时,春青稞产量达6 237.05 kg/hm~2,较CF提高28.30%。春青稞产量与生长季降雨量极显著正相关(r=0.994 5),与气温极显著负相关(r=-0.974),二者对产量的综合影响系数达99.23%,说明生长季降雨量、气温是影响高原农区春青稞产量的主要气象因子。 相似文献
9.
10.
咸水灌溉对棉花耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用田间对比试验,连续3 a研究了1、3、5、7 g/L 4个矿化度咸水(记作S1、S2、S3、S4)灌溉对棉田土壤水盐、土壤蒸发、棉花阶段耗水量、籽棉产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,棉花生育期内根系层土壤含水率和电导率有随灌溉水矿化度的增加而增大的趋势,土壤电导率增加尤为明显;年际间,各处理土壤含水率和电导率差异非常大,经过连续3 a灌溉,根系层土壤电导率均未逐年增加。S3和S4处理的平均土壤蒸发强度大于S1处理,S2与S1处理间的差异很小;7 g/L以下咸水灌溉对棉花耗水过程产生了一定影响,但对总耗水量影响并不明显。3 a的平均籽棉产量和水分利用效率由大到小顺序均为:S2、S1、S3、S4,S2比S1处理增产2.43%,水分利用效率增加1.15%,S3和S4比S1处理减产1.67%和8.88%,水分利用效率降低0.25%和7.31%,其中,S2和S3与S1处理间差异不显著,S4处理产量和水分利用效率降低显著。 相似文献
11.
为提高旱区作物蒸发蒸腾量估算精度,以石羊河流域春玉米为研究对象,分析灌水量对FAO-56估算作物蒸发蒸腾量精度的影响,并对估算误差进行讨论,提出使用部分根区含水量平均值用于土壤水分胁迫系数计算.结果表明:FAO-56对不同灌水处理下作物蒸发蒸腾量的估算精度存在较大差异,可较精确地估算低灌水处理下作物蒸发蒸腾量;随着灌水量增大,其估算精度有所降低,对高灌水处理下作物蒸发蒸腾量的估算误差达-14.13%;根区上部土层含水量与土壤水分胁迫状况关系紧密,以缓变层及以上土层含水量平均值代替整个根区含水量平均值用于土壤水分胁迫系数计算,可有效改善高灌水处理下旱区作物蒸发蒸腾量计算精度,亦可较为精确地估算低灌水处理下作物蒸发蒸腾量. 相似文献
12.
【目的】提高华北地区紫花苜蓿水分利用效率,兼顾产量与品质。【方法】于2018年4―9月,在河北涿州中国农业大学教学实验场,以紫花苜蓿品种WL363HQ为试验材料,开展紫花苜蓿田间灌溉试验。试验设置3个灌水处理:W1处理,灌水下限45%FC(田间持水率),灌水上限90%FC;W2处理,灌水下限60%FC,灌水上限90%FC;W3处理,根据当地生产经验定额灌溉为39 mm,研究了不同灌水下限对紫花苜蓿生长、产量和品质的影响。【结果】建植第5年的紫花苜蓿,全生长季需水量511.9 mm。苜蓿细根根系主要分布在0~40 cm土层,0~20 cm土层根系密度最高。灌水对第1、第2茬及全年产量没有显著影响(P>0.05),对第3茬产量有显著影响(P<0.05)。第1、第2、第3茬内采用W1处理苜蓿水分利用效率最高。不同灌水处理对苜蓿粗蛋白量没有显著影响(P>0.05),减少灌水量能增加苜蓿相对饲喂价值。【结论】建议华北地区紫花苜蓿第1、第2、第3茬采用45%FC灌水下限,第4茬采用60%FC灌水下限。 相似文献
13.
《Agricultural Water Management》2006,79(3):248-264
The effect of irrigation frequency on soil water distribution, potato root distribution, potato tuber yield and water use efficiency was studied in 2001 and 2002 field experiments. Treatments consisted of six different drip irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days), N3 (once every 3 days), N4 (once every 4 days), N6 (once every 6 days) and N8 (once every 8 days), with total drip irrigation water equal for the different frequencies. The results indicated that drip irrigation frequency did affect soil water distribution, depending on potato growing stage, soil depth and distance from the emitter. Under treatment N1, soil matric potential (ψm) Variations at depths of 70 and 90 cm showed a larger wetted soil range than was initially expected. Potato root growth was also affected by drip irrigation frequency to some extent: the higher the frequency, the higher was the root length density (RLD) in 0–60 cm soil layer and the lower was the root length density (RWD) in 0–10 cm soil layer. On the other hand, potato roots were not limited in wetted soil volume even when the crop was irrigated at the highest frequency. High frequency irrigation enhanced potato tuber growth and water use efficiency (WUE). Reducing irrigation frequency from N1 to N8 resulted in significant yield reductions by 33.4 and 29.1% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. For total ET, little difference was found among the different irrigation frequency treatments. 相似文献
14.
《Agricultural Water Management》2004,69(1):13-27
Recent studies have revealed complex interactions among grapevine rootstocks, soil water status, and water quality in terms of yield and growth. Understanding these interactions is essential to optimise yield and its quality, especially in regions with limited or degraded water resources. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of rootstock (41B, 1103P, and 110R), irrigation level (0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 of ET, evapotranspiration), and water quality (fresh and recycled water) on vegetative characteristics and on yield quantitative and qualitative components of potted Soultanina vines for a 3-year-period. Vine growth was inhibited by irrigation with recycled water and that inhibition became more severe by increasing the irrigation level and from one season to the next season. Furthermore, recycled water reduced yield by 50% and grape juice from these vines exhibited higher pH and titratable acidity values and lower total soluble solids. Rootstock significantly affected shoot growth, an effect which varied with age and within the growing season. Vines grafted on 41B developed more leaf area and produced higher yield than vines grafted on the other two rootstocks. Decreasing in the irrigation level dramatically reduced all vegetative parameters without affecting fruit quality and yield components. A significant interaction was detected between rootstock and irrigation level in terms of yield. Vines on 41B produced the highest yield of vines irrigated at 1.00 ET, and produced higher yields than vines grafted on 110R when irrigated at 0.75 ET, but the differences in yield among rootstocks disappeared at the 0.50 ET level. 相似文献
15.
16.
为了实现黄土高原地区滴灌条件下枣树园土壤含水率的小范围快捷监测,根据FAO-56水分胁迫系数的定义和相关计算公式,得到了基于土壤水分胁迫系数的黄土高原地区滴灌条件下枣树根层土壤平均含水率估算公式．2009年4-9月将该公式应用于西北农林科技大学陕西米脂孟岔试验站的枣树试验园,配置了3种不同的土壤含水率控制下限,对枣树2个重要生育期的土壤含水率进行了估算,模拟了水分动态变化过程,并对估算值和实测值进行对比和误差分析．结果表明:采用基于FAO-56水分胁迫系数的计算公式对土壤含水率的动态模拟达到了较高的精度,估算值与实测值之间误差较小:其中开花坐果期各处理(灌水下限为60％,50％,40％的田间持水率)的估算值与实测值之间的相关系数分别为0828 0,0907 3,0935 1;标准误差分别为0055,0093,0068．果实膨大期各处理的相关系数分别为0777 2,0766 7,0905 5;标准误差分别为0057,0092,0079．估算值与实测值之间的相关系数随土壤含水率的增大而减小,随土壤水分胁迫程度的增大而增大,即土壤含水率较高时对公式精度有一定的影响．该方法较适用于黄土高原半干旱地区,对农业用水管理具有一定参考价值． 相似文献
17.
The increasing demand for irrigation water to secure food for growing populations with limited water supply suggests re-thinking
the use of non-conventional water resources. The latter includes saline drainage water, brackish groundwater and treated waste
water. The effects of using saline drainage water (electrical conductivity of 4.2–4.8 dS m−1) to irrigate field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Floradade) using drip and furrow irrigation systems were evaluated, together with the distribution of soil moisture
and salt. The saline water was either diluted to different salinity levels using fresh water (blended) or used cyclically
with fresh water. The results of two seasons of study (2001 and 2002) showed that increasing salinity resulted in decreased
leaf area index, plant dry weight, fruit total yield and individual fruit weight. In all cases, the growth parameters and
yield as well as the water use efficiency were greater for drip irrigated tomato plants than furrow-irrigated plants. However,
furrow irrigation produced higher individual fruit weight. The electrical conductivity of the soil solution (extracted 48 h
after irrigation) showed greater fluctuations when cyclic water management was used compared to those plots irrigated with
blended water. In both drip and furrow irrigation, measurements of soil moisture one day after irrigation, showed that soil
moisture was higher at the top 20 cm layer and at the location of the irrigation water source; soil moisture was at a minimum
in the root zone (20–40 cm layer), but showed a gradual increase at 40–60 and 60–90 cm and was stable at 90–120 cm depth.
Soil water content decreased gradually as the distance from the irrigation water source increased. In addition, a few days
after irrigation, the soil moisture content decreased, but the deficit was most pronounced in the surface layer. Soil salinity
at the irrigation source was lower at a depth of 15 cm (surface layer) than that at 30 and 60 cm, and was minimal in deeper
layers (i.e. 90 cm). Salinity increased as the distance from the irrigation source increased particularly in the surface layer.
The results indicated that the salinity followed the water front. We concluded that the careful and efficient management of
irrigation with saline water can leave the groundwater salinity levels unaffected and recommended the use of drip irrigation
as the fruit yield per unit of water used was on average one-third higher than when using furrow irrigation. 相似文献
18.
A study was conducted to determine the water stress effect on yield and some physiological parameters including crop water
stress index for drip irrigated second crop watermelon. Irrigations were scheduled based on replenishment of 100, 75, 50,
25, and 0% soil water depletion from 90 cm soil depth with 3-day irrigation interval. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ET)
for I100, I75, I50, I25, and I0 were 660, 525, 396, 210, and 70 mm in 2003 and 677, 529, 405, 221, and 75 mm in 2004. Fruit yield was significantly lowered
by irrigation water stress. Average water-yield response factor for both of the years was 1.14. The highest yield was obtained
from full irrigated treatment as 34.5 and 38.2 t ha−1 in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Lower ET rates and irrigation amounts in water stress treatments resulted in reductions in
all measured parameters, except water-soluble dry matter concentrations (SDM). Canopy dry weights, leaf relative water content,
and total leaf chlorophyll content were significantly lowered by water stress. Yield and seasonal ET were linearly correlated
with mean CWSI values. An average threshold CWSI value of 0.17 before irrigation produced the maximum yield and it could be
used to initiate the irrigation for watermelon. 相似文献
19.
Summary Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of irrigation and antitranspirants on evapotranspirations (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and the soil moisture extraction patterns of a barley crop grown on a sandy loam soil during the 1977 – 78 and 1978 – 79 seasons. An increase in irrigation frequency increased ET and decreased WUE. The moisture use by barley decreased with soil depth irrespective of treatment. The unirrigated barley extracted relatively more, but absolutely less moisture than the irrigated barley from the deeper soil layers. The application of various antitranspirants had no significant effect either on seasonal ET or on the pattern of moisture extraction from the root zone soil. However, daily ET was reduced significantly after the application of stomata closing type chemicals (Phenyl mercuric acetate [PMA] or Atrazine) used in conjunction with reflecting type antitranspirant (Kaolin). The moisture conservation effects of these chemicals lasted about two weeks under clear weather conditions. Such rainless periods occurred during anthesis and grain development of barley in the 1977 – 1978 crop season, explaining the significant increase in WUE following the use of PMA or Atrazine with Kaolin which only occurred in this crop season. 相似文献