共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
10种亚热带绿化树种净化大气能力初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对香樟(Cinnamonum campora)、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、朴树(Celtis sinensis)、乌桕(Sapium sebiferum)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、马银花(Rhododendron ovatum)、含笑(Michelia figo)、杜鹃(Rhododendron spp.)、三角枫(Acer buergerianum)10种亚热带绿化树种对大气中的粉尘、N、S、Cl 4种有害物质的吸收净化能力的初步测定,结果表明:单位面积滞尘量最高的树种是朴树,氮吸收最高的树种是乌桕,硫吸收最高的树种是银杏,氯吸收最高的树种是杜鹃;乔木树种的全氮含量、全硫含量、单位面积滞尘量都比灌木树种的含量高,但是全氯含量比灌木树种的含量低;落叶树种的各净化指标平均值都比常绿树种的高. 相似文献
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广州市8种常用园林植物生态特性比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对广州市8种常用园林植物的固碳释氧、降温增湿、杀菌滞尘和吸收S、Cl能力等进行对比研究。结果表明:单位叶面积的固碳释氧量以红花羊蹄甲最大;单位绿化面积则以尖叶杜英最大;降温增湿效果则以红花羊蹄甲最大;叶片吸收S量以尖叶杜英和大叶榕较大,细叶榕、秋枫和高山榕较小,叶片吸收Cl的能力则与之相反;尖叶杜英和秋枫的滞尘能力强;大叶榕的抑菌率最高,达(85.4±1.7)%。综合而言,尖叶杜英生态功能最强,秋枫最弱。 相似文献
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该文以石家庄市的道路、公园、学校中的绿化植物为研究对象,通过实地采样调查和实验室分析,对石家庄市主要绿化植物滞尘能力进行初步研究。结果表明:不同树种的单位面积滞尘量、单株树木滞尘量都存有较大差异,乔木中,以侧柏、榆树的滞尘能力最强;灌木中,以大叶黄杨的滞尘能力最强;地被植物中白三叶的滞尘能力比早熟禾强。同一树种在不同地点的滞尘能力表现出明显差异,说明绿化树种的滞尘能力不仅与树种自身有关,还与其周围环境质量有关,如公路旁的榆树的滞尘能力比植物园里的同年龄的榆树的滞尘能力要强。同一树种不同径阶树木的滞尘能力也有一定差异。得出结论:不同类型树种的滞尘能力存在较大差异,其大小顺序为:常绿乔木常绿灌木落叶乔木落叶灌木地被植物。 相似文献
4.
昆明市主要绿化树种叶片滞尘能力的叶表微形态学解释 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探究树种叶片滞尘能力形成的叶表微形态机制,以期为昆明市园林绿化树种选择提供参考。【方法】以昆明市10个常见绿化树种为研究对象,采集叶片,用KQ5200型数控超声波清洗器蒸馏水冲洗、过滤烘干,万分之一分析天平称滞尘量,LI-3000A型叶面积仪测量叶面积,计算树种单位面积滞尘量与单叶滞尘量。每树种5片叶,每叶片切取4个5 mm×5 mm组织块,2.5%戊二醛溶液固定,0.1 mol·L-1磷酸缓冲液清洗,梯度乙醇脱水,正丁醇固定,E-1010型离子镀膜仪镀膜;采用S-3000N型扫描电镜观察叶表形态结构特征,并分析其对树种叶片滞尘能力的影响。【结果】昆明10个绿化树种的单位面积滞尘量与单叶滞尘量均存在显著差异(P0.05)。单位面积滞尘量大小顺序为:二球悬铃木荷花玉兰红花檵木紫叶李杜鹃高盆樱桃滇朴球花石楠香樟冬青卫矛;单叶滞尘量大小顺序为:荷花玉兰二球悬铃木紫叶李滇朴球花石楠高盆樱桃红花檵木杜鹃香樟冬青卫矛;单位面积滞尘能力强的二球悬铃木、红花檵木和紫叶李叶表粗糙度高、沟壑数量多且起伏大;叶片气孔密度对树种叶片滞尘能力的影响存在阈值效应;保卫细胞面积与叶片单位面积滞尘量及单叶滞尘量均呈极显著的正相关;叶片表皮毛数量与单叶滞尘量显著正相关。【结论】叶表粗糙度、气孔密度、保卫细胞面积、表皮毛密度等微形态学指标是调控这10个绿化树种叶片滞尘能力的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
株洲市几种常用绿化植物滞尘能力初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对株洲市16个常用绿化植物滞尘能力进行测定,结果表明:阔叶乔木树种单位面积滞尘量为广玉兰>棕榈>大叶樟>香樟>杜英>栾树>枫香>悬柃木;阔叶灌木树种单位面积滞尘量为春鹃>红花檵木>红叶李>山茶花>珊瑚树>小叶女贞>十大功劳>桂花。 相似文献
6.
干旱区绿洲城市主要绿化树种最大滞尘量对比 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
【目的】绿化树种对一定范围内大气颗粒物有良好的净化作用,尤其在沙尘危害较严重的干旱区城市,滞尘能力强、适合当地自然条件的绿化树种可降低大气颗粒污染物浓度,改善城市生态环境。为此,选取我国西北干旱区典型绿洲城市———新疆阿克苏市为例,研究不同绿化树种叶片滞尘能力随时间及空间的变化规律,为干旱区城市绿化树种的选择提供理论依据。【方法】选取阿克苏市常见的绿化树种新疆杨、二球悬铃木、圆冠榆、小叶梣和垂柳为研究对象,叶片人工清洗后每隔4天对其进行采样,累计28天;在室内清洗、过滤后用万分之一天平称留尘质量,用激光叶面积仪测出叶片面积、计算出单位叶面积滞尘量,用多重比较法对比分析城市4个不同功能区、5种绿化树种单位叶面积滞尘量随时间和空间的变化,用经验公式法估算各树种单株滞尘量。【结果】同一个功能区5种园林树种单位叶面积最大滞尘量有显著差异(P ＜0.05),人工降尘1 h后二球悬铃木单位叶面积最大滞尘量[(13.5±0.90) g·m －2]＞新疆杨[(12.1±0.87) g·m －2]＞圆冠榆[(9.21±0.77) g·m －2]＞小叶梣[(7.11±0.43) g·m －2]＞ 垂柳[(6.96±0.24) g·m －2]。在不同功能区同一树种单位叶面积滞尘量排序为工业区( IA)＞交通枢纽区( TA)＞ 居民区( RA)＞ 清洁区( CA)。叶片在树冠中所处的位置也会影响其滞尘量,二球悬铃木3个高度处的叶片滞尘量顺序为1 m ＞2 m ＞4 m。从单株树种滞尘量对比得出,28天内二球悬铃木最高,为2.6 kg,垂柳最低,为0.2 kg。【结论】工业区、交通枢纽区树种单位叶面积滞尘量比居民区、清洁区高,其可能的原因是前两个区空气中的颗粒物浓度比后两区高,说明树种叶面滞尘量受当地空气质量的影响,同一树种在不同立地条件下滞尘量也相应的不同。在同一个功能区树种滞尘量差异由树高、冠幅和叶面特性(黏度、绒毛、粗糙度)等所引起,如树体大、冠幅宽、叶面粗糙并有绒毛的二球悬铃木叶片滞尘量要比树体小、叶面光滑并无毛的垂柳叶片滞尘量大。在树冠1m处的叶片同时受到自然降尘及地面扬尘的影响,因此比4m处叶片滞尘量高。二球悬铃木和新疆杨单位叶面积滞尘量与单株滞尘量都较高,起到明显的降尘作用,是沙尘频发的南疆地区城市绿化树种的优先之选。 相似文献
7.
《林业资源管理》2016,(3):116-121
以清洁区为对照,选取不同污染区共有且生长10a以上使用频率较高的树种,2014年及2015年秋季用重量法测定其单位面积滞尘量,对土壤、叶面尘及叶片进行消解后测定重金属的含量,用SPSS对其相关性进行分析。结果表明:10种树种同一高度叶片单位面积滞尘量和平均单位面积滞尘量均表现为工业区主城区清洁对照区,6种阔叶树滞尘效果从大到小依次为天竺桂桂花大叶女贞法国梧桐﹥滇朴﹥广玉兰,4种针叶树滞尘能力从大小依次为龙柏塔柏柳杉雪松;无论是阔叶树还是针叶树,"低"位的滞尘量明显高于"高"位,不同树种对金属元素的吸收富集能力不同;植物叶片中Pb,Cu,Cd,Zn痕量可以用来监测大气中Pb,Cu,Cd,Zn的污染。 相似文献
8.
通过对朝阳市10中常见的城市绿化树种的滞尘能力进行的分析,结果表明:单位面积的滞尘量,针叶林中以侧柏最高,阔叶林中以垂柳最高;单株面积滞尘能力中,针叶树种中柏科最高,阔叶树种中杨柳科最高。 相似文献
9.
苏州高速公路绿化滞尘效果初探 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
以苏州绕城高速公路为研究对象,研究了苏州高速公路空气中TSP的时间及垂直梯度变化规律,实测了苏州高速公路绿化净化粉尘污染的效果,研究了苏州高速公路绿化常用植物的粉尘净化效果,分析不同植物之间的净化吸收差异,结果表明:单位绿化面积滞尘效果乔木中以广玉兰最好,每周为13.7 g.m-2,是效果较差的深山含笑的2.8倍,灌木中以夹竹桃最强,每周达到11 g.m-2,是滞尘效果较差的紫薇的6.1倍;总体滞尘效果乔木>小乔木、灌木>地被。根据TSP的变化规律与苏州高速公路绿化滞尘现状,提出可以显著提高滞尘效果的绿化设计建议。 相似文献
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城市绿化植物滞尘效益及滞尘影响因素研究概述 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
总结城市绿化植物滞尘效益的研究现状,系统阐述不同主体下植物滞尘量的高低以及时空角度下城市绿化植物的滞尘规律.不同植物种在滞尘量方面存在很大差异,从群落角度来看,多层次的植物群落结构能够发挥最大滞尘效益.从时空变化上来看植物的滞尘过程是一个复杂的动态平衡过程.植物滞尘量的大小主要受到植物叶片特性、树冠枝叶结构密度、叶面倾角以及气象等因素的影响.同时,植物粉尘抗性、地被植物和垂直绿化植物滞尘效益、植物滞尘机理研究以及城市绿地滞尘总量估算可能成为今后研究的主要内容. 相似文献
13.
以湖南省7种常见经济林树种为研究对象,研究其在单位叶面积上对空气中PM2.5等颗粒物的滞留量,为揭示湖南省主要经济林树种降低空气中PM2.5等颗粒污染物能力提供科学依据。结果表明:不同树种单位叶面积吸附PM2.5的量各不相同,主要受其叶表微结构、枝叶密集度、叶质地、叶面倾角等因素的影响。各树种单位叶面积吸附PM2.5量由大到小排序依次为板栗(0.144μg/cm~2)、柑橘(0.038μg/cm~2)、油茶(0.034μg/cm~2)、花椒(0.03μg/cm~2)、枣(0.029μg/cm~2)、杜仲(0.023μg/cm~2)、光皮树(0.019μg/cm~2)。各树种单位叶面积吸附TSP、PM1、PM10量大小排序规律基本相同。板栗单位叶面积吸附TSP、PM1、PM10量最大,分别达到1.088、0.04、0.47μg/cm~2,光皮树单位叶面积吸附的TSP、PM1、PM10量最小,分别为0.119、0.006、0.048μg/cm~2。就叶习性而言,单位叶面积吸附的TSP、PM1、PM10、PM2.5量表现为常绿树种大于落叶树种。 相似文献
14.
《林业研究》2021,32(4)
Foliar C/N stoichiometry is an indicator of geochemical cycling in forest ecosystems,but the driving changes for its response to urbanization at the wide scale is not clear.In this study,data on tree-leaf C and N stoichiometry were collected in papers from across 105 tree species from 82 genera and 46 families.The foliar C/N of urban forest trees varied among different climate zones and tree taxonomic variation and tended to be higher in trees of urban forests near the equator and in eastern regions,mainly driven by lowered foliar N concentration.Neither the foliar C concentration nor foliar C/N for trees of urban forests was statistically higher than those of rural forests.For variation by taxonomic classification,C_4 species Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium ambrosoides(Amaranthaceae) had lower foliar C/N than did other species and families.Myrsine guianensis(Primulaceae) and Myconia fallax(Asteraceae) had the highest foliar C/N.Therefore,urbanization has not caused a significant response in forest trees for foliar C/N.The change in foliar N concentration was globally the main force driving of the differences in foliar C/N for most tree species in urban forests.More work is needed on foliar C/N in trees at cities in polar regions and the Southern Hemisphere. 相似文献
15.
Pasture yield, quality and species distributions were compared between zones around live and killed eucalypt trees at two
woodland sites in northeast Queensland which differed markedly in soil fertility. Trees affected pasture quality and yield
on an individual tree basis: N concentration and dry matter digestibility tended to be higher under trees than in inter-tree
areas at both sites and pasture yields declined with distance from killed trees at the lower fertility site. However, the
distribution of individual species did not vary markedly with distance from trees. Trees also affected pasture yield on a
woodland basis: yields were greater where the trees were killed than under intact woodland. Soil under trees had higher levels
of organic carbon and greater litter cover than soil in inter-tree areas. However, pasture yields did not generally reflect
this fertility gradient since growth was limited by moisture availability due to drought conditions during the study period.
Pasture N concentration was higher under trees that in inter-tree areas since plants under trees produced a similar amount
of biomass as plants in inter-tree areas, but had access to higher nutrient levels. Trees appeared to have a greater effect
on soil nutrient availability at the low fertility site. Live trees depressed pasture yields to a lesser degree at the low
fertility site, demonstrating that the effects of trees on soil water availability (on a woodland scale) are less important
when soil nutrients are more limiting to growth. These results indicate that, while removing trees may enhance pasture productivity,
this benefit may be offset by a reduction in pasture quality. Given the beneficial effect of trees on soil nutrients, tree
removal may also have longer term implications for soil nutrient dynamics.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Ontogenetic changes in stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis of two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks differing in leaf life span 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A quantitative analysis was applied to the stomatal and biochemical limitations to light-saturated net photosynthesis under optimal field conditions in mature trees and seedlings of the co-occurring evergreen oak, Quercus ilex L., and the deciduous oak, Q. faginea Lam. Stomatal limitation to photosynthesis, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate were determined from assimilation versus intercellular leaf carbon dioxide concentration response curves of leaves that were subsequently analyzed for nitrogen (N) concentration, mass per unit area, thickness and percent internal air space. In both species, seedlings had a lower leaf mass per unit area, thickness and leaf N concentration than mature trees. The root system of seedlings during their third year after planting was dominated by a taproot. A lower leaf N concentration of seedlings was associated with lower maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate and with assimilation rates similar to or lower than those of mature trees, despite the higher stomatal conductances and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies of seedlings. Consequently, stomatal limitation to photosynthesis increased with tree age in both species. In both seedlings and mature trees, a lower assimilation rate in Q. ilex than in Q. faginea was associated with lower stomatal conductance, N allocation to photosynthetic functions, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate, and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but greater leaf thickness and leaf mass per unit area. Tree-age-related changes differed quantitatively between species, and the characteristics of the two species were more similar in seedlings than in mature trees. Despite higher stomatal conductances, seedlings are more N limited than adult trees, which contributes to lower biochemical efficiency. 相似文献
17.
[目的]研究北京海淀区3种道路防护林(油松林、圆柏林、银杏林)的滞尘能力、林内滞尘的空间分布规律、滞尘作用与气象因子和PM10浓度的相关性。[方法]滞尘量的测定用单位叶干质量滞尘量(mg·g-1)表征叶面滞尘能力。于冬、春、夏、秋4季对3种道路防护林内距道路不同距离处的滞尘量进行连续观测,比较3种道路防护林滞尘能力,分析3种道路防护林滞尘的空间分布特征及降雨等气象因子及PM10浓度与滞尘作用的相关性。[结果](1) 3种道路防护林总体单位滞尘量圆柏林(4. 20±0. 19 mg·g-1)银杏林(1. 98±0. 07 mg·g-1)油松林(1. 71±0. 07 mg·g-1);油松和圆柏林的单位滞尘量冬季春季秋季夏季,银杏林的单位滞尘量春季和秋季基本无差异,夏季最低; 3种道路防护林的单位滞尘量在各季节均为圆柏林最高,银杏林次之,油松林最低。(2) 3种道路防护林空间分布的总体特征为:油松和圆柏林的滞尘空间分布均表现为"两端高、中间低",银杏林单位滞尘量林分中间位置略高于两侧;不同季节表现为冬季北侧高,春季南侧高,夏、秋季南北侧差异不显著。(3)降水量对3种道路防护林滞尘作用影响最大,是3种道路防护林滞尘的最主要限制因子,极大风速、气温、相对湿度和PM10浓度对3种道路防护林滞尘均具有不同程度的正的直接作用。[结论]在相同配置模式(5 m×5 m)及林龄(18年)下,林地尺度滞尘量油松林最大、圆柏林次之、银杏林最低。道路防护林迎风一侧往往具有较高滞尘量,可根据盛行风向强化迎风侧的树木配置。降雨是树木滞尘的主要限制因子,冬季和春季降雨少,树木滞尘量较大,可结合人工冲洗措施使其发挥更大滞尘作用。 相似文献
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本研究以阳江银滩滨海旅游区3种景观小跌水为研究对象，进行微尺度下空气负离子浓度的分布观测。研究周期约为一年，按季度随机选择检测时间，2012年12月至2013年10月期间共检测12次，结果表明：在风速范围为1.1～2.3 m·s-1的情况下，滨海景观小跌水环境空气负离子浓度明显高于旅游区无水体的内路段，且高浓度尺度为以水体为中心半径0～1.5 m 处，1.5 m 之外随距离增加而浓度急剧下降，渐趋底线后缓和持平；小跌水负离子浓度与距离和湿度呈正相关关系，与温度相关性不大。小跌水是园林景观水体中最常用的形式，建议设计应缩短活动场地与水体间距离，增大两者接触面；适当种植遮阴乔木，通过合理的空间流向设计形成有利的风导向，从而最大程度地实现空气负离子对人体的保健效用。 相似文献
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Bench-grafted Fuji/M.26 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were fertilized with a nutrient solution (fertigation) containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 or 20 mM nitrogen (N) in a modified Hoagland's solution from June 30 to September 1. In mid-October, half of the trees in each N treatment were sprayed twice with 3% urea, 1 week apart. The remaining trees served as controls. All trees were harvested after leaf fall and stored at 2 degrees C over winter. One group of trees from each treatment was destructively sampled before bud break to determine amounts of reserve N and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC); the remaining trees were transplanted to N-free medium in the spring. These trees were supplied with Hoagland's solution with or without 10 mM N (from 15N-depleted NH4NO3) for 60 days, starting from bud break. With increasing N supply from fertigation, tree N concentration increased, whereas TNC concentration decreased. Foliar urea applications increased tree N concentration and decreased TNC concentration in each N fertigation treatment. There was a negative linear relationship between tree N concentration and TNC concentration. Irrespective of whether N was provided the following spring, trees with high N reserves but low carbohydrate reserves produced a larger total leaf area at the end of the regrowth period than trees with low N reserves but high carbohydrate reserves. The pooled data on reserve N used for new growth showed that, regardless of the spring N supply, there was a linear relationship between total N accumulated in the tree during the previous season and the amount of reserve N remobilized for new shoot and leaf growth. About 50% of tree N content was remobilized to support new shoot and leaf growth over the range of tree N status examined. We conclude that the initial growth of young apple trees in the spring is determined mainly by reserve N, not reserve carbohydrates. The amount of reserve N remobilized for new growth in spring was proportional to tree N status and was unaffected by current N supply. 相似文献