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1.
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is now considered to be one of the most damaging invasive pests of tomatoes in the world. Tomato is regarded as the main host of T. absoluta, but the pest can also feed, develop and reproduce on other cultivated Solanaceae, such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L). In the present study, we examined the ability of T. absoluta to develop on four commonly cultivated varieties of potato, under laboratory conditions. The survival rate of T. absoluta did not differ between the five tested host plants (tomato: Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker; and potato: Solanum tuberosum cv. Spunta, Charlotte, Nicola, and Bintje), but its development time (egg to pupation) was significantly affected. Compared to tomato, development times were longer on Bintje and shorter on Nicola, Charlotte, and Spunta. These results show the high capacity of T. absoluta to develop on potato crops.  相似文献   

2.
The glycoalkaloid contents of foliage were measured in populations derived from a cross ofSolanum chacoense Bitter (PI 472810) with a composite sample of genotypes from a randomly matedSolanum tuberosum L. population. The mean total glycoalkaloid contents of the parent PI 472810 andtuberosum populations, and the F2 and F4 populations were 856, 121, 286, and 279 mg/100g fresh weight, respectively. The total glycoalkaloid content of the first backcross population, F2 xtuberosum, was 290 mg/100 g, close to the content of the F2. In a second backcross totuberosum, the mean total content was 148 mg/100 g, close to the content of the parenttuberosum population. Only the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine were found in PI 472810, whereas in the parenttuberosum, hybrid, and backcross populations, the glycoalkaloids α & β-solamarine also were found in a small number of genotypes. The ratios of chaconine to solanine contents were significantly (P≤.05) different in the parent PI 472810 andtuberosum populations, 2.55 and 2.12, respectively. The ratios in the F2 and F4 populations were similar to that of PI 472810, whereas the ratios in the backcross populations were closer to that of thetuberosum parent. The levels of foliage glycoalkaloids in the hybrid and backcross populations paralleled the levels of potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae Harris, resistance measured in a previous study.  相似文献   

3.
Previously published data for potato foliage resistance to late blight were examined in a combined analysis to determine how the genetic backgrounds of the host and pathogen affect the occurrence of resistance QTLs. Data from 19 diploid populations and one tetraploid population that originated from at least 12 different tuber-bearingSolanum species were included. Comparative analysis across all populations revealed three highly active genomic regions on the distal parts of chromosomes 3,4, and 5. The region most consistently detected that conferred foliage resistance inSolanum was located on chromosome 5, near marker locus GP21. A previously identified cluster of three race-specific R-genes on chromosome 11 was not associated with polygenic resistance. Statistical examination of active QTLs indicates that congruence among QTLs is significantly affected by both genetic relatedness of mapping populations and race ofPhytophthora infestans used for resistance tests. The proportion of congruent QTLs for late blight resistance decreased from 0.52 detected in relatedSolanum populations tested with the same race ofPhytophthora infestans to 0.20 found in unrelated mapping populations tested with different races ofPhytophthora infestans. Analysis of resistance mapping tests provided statistical evidence for the occurrence of race-specific QTLs in tuber-bearingSolanum. The highly conserved genomic regions identified in the comparative analysis are likely to be good candidates for gene cloning or marker assisted selection in potato breeding programs.  相似文献   

4.
Reciprocal grafts were done between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and six wildSolanum species known to be resistant to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)). Potato or wildSolanum foliage from each reciprocal graft was fed to first instar beetles or adult potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)). The proportion of second instar larvae after 48 h and survival and fecundity (number of nymphs per female) of the aphids were used to i estimate the resistance level of the foliage. Survival and fecundity of potato aphid were reduced on wildSolanum foliage (except withS. circaeifolium ssp.capsicibaccatum andS. okadae) used as scion or rootstock, but were not different from the control (potato-potato graft) on potato foliage. Development of Colorado potato beetle onSolanum foliage was reduced. In some cases, potato foliage grafted to wildSolanum became resistant to the beetle. Results suggest that a chemical factor or factors providing resistance to Colorado potato beetle are translocated from foliage of some wildSolanum species to potato foliage. They also indicate that mode of resistance to the two insects differs quantitatively or qualitatively.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
The common potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum) has T-type chloroplast DNA characterized by a 241 bp deletion. To explore the maternal ancestry of the common potato, a total of 566 accessions of 35 wild species, collected mostly from central Bolivia to northern Argentina, were determined for presence or absence of the deletion by a simple PCR assay using primers flanking the deleted region of chloroplast DNA. Sixteen out of 80 accessions ofS. tarijense, S. berthaultii, andS. neorossii showed a shorter PCR amplified fragment. Sequencing of these fragments revealed that the same 241 bp was deleted at the same position in these accessions. This strongly suggests that the deletion event had occurred in wild species.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
Common scab, black scurf and silver scurf belong to serious diseases of cultivated potato that especially impair tuber quality. Tuber infection in 44 potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) varieties was evaluated using two measures – severity and incidence of infected tubers. Both measures were highly correlated. An important result derived from this study supports fungicide application against potato late blight secondarily acts on reducing tuber infection by all evaluated pathogens. Therefore, the conventional potato growing seems to be more effective compared to ecological growing. The pedigree analysis of 44 varieties indicated the presence of Solanum demissum genotypes in the variety genome may negatively affect variety response to Helminthosporium solani presence.  相似文献   

9.
Summary In screening to isolate a full-length copy of a previously isolated cDNA clone, a further three cDNAs were also isolated from a library prepared from sub-apical swelling-stolon tissue of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sequence analysis showed these clones to be similar to extensin-like protein genes, acyl carrier protein thioesterase genes and high mobility group protein genes, respectively. A further cDNA, isolated by subtractive hybridisation, was similar to a tomato cDNA previously isolated on the basis of its down-regulation following nematode infection. While all the newly isolated genes were expressed in swelling stolons, for most, maximal expression was seen to be in stem tissue. Possible roles for these genes in the development of potato plants are discussed, as is the significance of gene expression in stems and stolons to the process of tuberisation.  相似文献   

10.
The highly heterozygous and tetraploid nature of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum) has hampered discovery of its wild ancestral species. Chloroplast DNA is a very reliable indicator to trace maternal ancestry of crops. Most of the common potato (grown worldwide) has unique, T-type chloroplast DNA derived from Chilean cultivated potato (both areS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum). Analyzing seven different chloroplast DNA markers, I found all the T-type accessions of cultivated potatoes shared the same chloroplast DNA haplotype only with some accessions ofS. tarijense Hawkes and its derived hybrids. Thus, I conclude that some populations ofS. tarijense acted as the maternal ancestor of potato.  相似文献   

11.
We developed a detached leaf method for evaluating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germplasm for reactions toPhytophthora infestans, the causal organism of late blight. Primary leaves from the third to the sixth node of potato plants, and the fourth to sixth node of tomato plants were excised at the stem. Their petioles were inserted into 14 mm × 100 mm floral aqua tubes containing 9 ml of sterilized distilled water. The leaves in the aqua tubes were placed with abaxial sides down on galvanized metal hardware cloth (12.5 × 12.5 mm mesh). A 12.5 mm sensi-disc containing 50μl of 2 × 104 zoospores was placed in the centers of the terminal leaflet and the second leaflet pair of the potato leaf. A single disc was placed on the center of the tomato leaf. The supporting hardware cloth was placed 2.5 cm above distilled water (2.5 cm deep) in 31 cm × 17 cm × 8 cm clear plastic boxes with tight fitting lids. Leaves on intact tomato and potato plants were inoculated in a similar manner and placed in a mist chamber. Lesion growth was determined 4, 5, and 6 days following inoculation. There were no significant differences in reactions to isolates ofP. infestans on detached and intact leaves of potato cultivars Green Mountain and Kennebec and the tomato cultivar Bonnie Best.  相似文献   

12.
A genetic map of a widely used haploid inducer,Solanum phureja clone 1.22, was constructed. One hundred and twenty-two RFLP and twenty RAPD marker bands were specific toS. phureja clone 1.22, and were mapped on 100 loci (five to eleven loci per chromosome) in the span of 606 cM. These would be useful to monitor the chromosomes of the haploid inducer that may be eliminated from triploid embryos of 4x × 2x during the process of haploid induction from potato.  相似文献   

13.
Interspecific somatic hybrids were produced between tetraploidSolanum tuberosum and a nematode-resistant accession of the diploid speciesSolanum bulbocastanum by protoplast fusion. Hybrid cells were selected using dual fluorescent labeling of protoplast preparations prior to fusion. Hybridity of regenerated plants was confirmed with a combination of morphological assessment, chromosome counting and isozyme analysis. Somatic hybrids had the same level of resistance to infection by race 1 of the nematodeMeloidogyne chitwoodi as theS. bulbocastanum parent used in the fusion. Some of the somatic hybrids were fertile as females when crossed with tetraploidS. tuberosum breeding lines. Thus, these hybrids can be used in a potato improvement program to incorporate a valuable pest resistance  相似文献   

14.
Potato was domesticated in the Andes of South America. However, the presently worldwide-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum, 2n=4x=48) has characteristic T-type chloroplast DNA that was introduced after late blight epidemics in the mid-19th century from the Chilean potato (2n=4x=48) grown in the southern coastal regions in Chile. Among many wild potato species, the same chloroplast DNA was found only in some populations of a diploid speciesS. tarijense Hawkes (2n=2x=24), which ranges from central Bolivia to northwest Argentina. To elucidate an evolutionary pathway of T-type chloroplast DNA fromS. tarijense to Chilean potato, 215 accessions ofS. stenotomum Juz. et Buk., considered to be the most primitive, diploid cultivated potato species, from which all the Andean cultivated species evolved, and 286 accessions of the most widely grown, Andean tetraploid cultivated speciesS. tuberosum L. ssp.andigena Hawkes (2n=4x=48) were examined in this study. No accession ofS. stenotomum had T-type chloroplast DNA, while nine accessions, mostly from northwest Argentina, ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena had T-type chloroplast DNA. Therefore, I conclude that some populations ofS. tarijense having T-type chloroplast DNA were naturally crossed as female withS. tuberosum ssp.andigena from which the Chilean potato was selected.  相似文献   

15.
Grain size traits, including grain length, grain width and grain thickness, are controlled by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. Many QTLs relating to rice grain size traits had been reported, but their control mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. A recombinant inbred line （RIL） population of 240 lines, deriving from a cross between TD70, an extra-large grain size japonica line with 80 g of 1000-grain weight, and Kasalath, a small grain size indica variety, were constructed and used to map grain size QTLs to a linkage map by using 141 SSR markers in 2010 and 2011. Five QTLs for grain length, six for grain width and seven for grain thickness were detected distributing over chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. Seven QTLs, namely qGL3.1, qGW2, qGW2.2, qGW5.1, qGW5.2, qGT2.3 and qGT3.1, were detected in either of the two years and explained for 56.19%, 4.42%, 29.41%, 10.37%, 7.61%, 21.19% and 17.06% of the observed phenotypic variances on average, respectively. The marker interval RM1347-RM5699 on chromosome 2 was found common for grain length, grain width and grain thickness; qGL3.1 and qGT3.1 were mapped to the same interval RM6080-RM6832 on chromosome 3. All 18 QTL alleles were derived from the large grain parent TD70. Most of the QTLs mapped in the present study were found the same as the genes previously cloned （GW2, GS3 or qGL3, GW5 and GS5）, and several were the same as the QTLs （GS7 and qGL-7） previously mapped. Three QTLs, qGL2.2 on chromosome 2, qGW9 and qGT9 on chromosome 9, were first detected. These results laid a foundation for further fine mapping or cloning of these QTLs.  相似文献   

16.
This review addresses some of the biological complexities presented by aphid-transmitted viruses of potato,Solanum tuberosum L., and their vectors and discusses the application of this knowledge to the management of potato viruses with particular emphasis on seed potato production.  相似文献   

17.
The leptine glycoalkaloids fromSolanum chacoense Bitter are potential resistance factors to Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. A selected sample of 17 F1 hybrids (4x) from crosses of a 4xS. chacoense clone that synthesizes leptines (8380-1) with 4xS. tuberosum L. lines were selfed to generate F2 hybrids (4x) and were also backcrossed toS. tuberosum. Glycoalkaloid (GA) content in foliage and tubers was measured for 786 sibling genotypes from the two generations in the field at Beltsville, Maryland. Leptines were found in the foliage of all F2 hybrids and in 98% of the backcross genotypes. Leptines were not detected in tubers from either generation. Foliage concentrations of leptines for the F2 hybrids averaged 156 mg/100g fresh weight (FW). The proportion of the total GA content consisting of leptines averaged 42%. By backcrossing the F1 hybrids toS. tuberosum the average concentration of leptines was reduced to 44 mg/100g FW. The proportion of leptines averaged 16%. The tuber contents of solanine plus chaconine glycoalkaloids averaged 52 mg/100g FW for the F2 hybrids and 27 mg/100g for the backcross genotypes.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Cellular membrane thermostability of leaf tissue, measured by both leaching and direct conductivity, was used as an index for evaluating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaf tolerance to high temperature. Experiments with eight genotypes showed that maximum differences between cultivars in response to temperature occurred at 52.5°C. The wide variability among the genotypes suggested that this index could be used to screen potato foliage for tolerance to heat. The results agreed well with visual scoring after exposing potted plants to 52.5°C. CPRI Publication No 854.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a source of markers for use in investigations in potato genetics. Segregation of 18 loci in diploidSolanum goniocalyx xS. phureja and 12 loci in tetraploidS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum ×S. tuberosum ssp.andigena families fitted Mendelian and tetrasomic ratios, respectively. Eight loci in the diploid progeny were arranged in three linkage groups. Segregations of these markers fitting expected ratios indicate that they can be effectively used in potato genetics, breeding and evolution.  相似文献   

20.
The coding sequence from the pea disease resistance response gene 49 (DRR49 gene), was transferred into the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Shepody viaAgrobacterium co-cultivation. Potato leaf explants were co-cultivated withAgrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector containing the coding sequence from the DRR49 gene under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Transformed potato plants were selected by their resistance to kanamycin. The insertion of foreign DNAs was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. The expression of DRR49 coding sequence was confirmed via the detection of the corresponding mRNA in northern blot analysis. Field pathogenicity tests indicated that transgenic plants expressing the pea DRR49 mRNA have higher tuber yields than the control plants when grown in PED (potato early dying) infested soil.  相似文献   

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