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1.
陆地棉棉铃组分性状的基因型差异及与产量的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探明陆地棉不同产量潜力品种棉铃性状的特点,于2008—2009年比较了3个大铃基因型与3个小铃基因型棉铃组分性状的差异。结果表明,大铃基因型的单铃纤维重、单铃种子重及单铃种子数显著高于小铃基因型,单粒种子重和单粒种子纤维重差异不显著。简单相关分析表明,单铃种子数与公顷皮棉产量呈极显著正相关(0.660**),但偏相关系数或直接通径系数较小或为负值(0.179,-0.052);而单株种子数与公顷皮棉产量的简单相关系数、偏相关系数和直接通径系数均为显著或极显著的正值(0.771*,0.650**,0.917**)。因此,单株种子数可作为皮棉产量选择的可靠指标。单粒种子纤维重和铃壳率受基因型效应的显著影响,受年份效应和年份×基因型互作效应的影响均不显著。说明单粒种子纤维重和铃壳率主要受遗传因素的影响,受环境因素的影响较小。 相似文献
2.
Relationships between lint yield and within-boll yield components are important for genetic improvement of lint yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. F2 plants derived from crosses between germplasm lines and high yielding cultivars were analyzed to determine the contributions of within-boll yield components to lint yield and to select parents with desirable combining ability for multiple within-boll yield components. Forty-five F2 hybrids were planted at two field sites in 2010 and 2011 with 4 and 3 replicates, respectively. There were a total of six yield components analyzed including lint percentage (LP), seed number per boll, lint weight per seed (LW_S), seed surface area per seed, lint weight per unit seed surface area (LW_SA), and lint number per unit seed surface area (LN_SA). The contributions of these yield components to lint yield were analyzed by commonality analysis that separated the contributions to lint yield into the unique contributions of single yield components and the common contributions of the single yield components with one or more other yield components. The unique contributions of the six yield components to lint yield ranged from 1.6 to 21 % of total variation for lint yield in the 2-year experiments. The greatest common contributions to lint yield among all combinations of the six yield components were identified for a combination of four components, LP, LW_S, LW_SA, and LN_SA with 67 and 44 % of the total variation of lint yield in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Results suggest that all four of these yield components should be considered simultaneously in breeding for genetic improvement of lint yield. The germplasm line SP225 was detected as a good combiner with positive general combining ability (GCA) for LP (1.4 %), LW_SA (0.03 mg mm?2), and LN_SA (14.3 no mm?2), and favorable GCA for fineness (?3.1 mg km?1). 相似文献
3.
Germplasm for genetic improvement of lint yield in Upland cotton: genetic analysis of lint yield with yield components 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Determination of genetic effects for lint yield and yield components in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm is critical for its utilization in breeding programs. This study was designed to apply the conditional approach and an additive and dominant model to analyze genetic effects for lint yield and yield components. Forty-eight F2 populations derived from crosses between four existent Upland cotton cultivars as female parents and 12 germplasm lines as male parents were evaluated at two locations in 2008 and 2009. Conditional and unconditional variance components were estimated by the mixed linear model based conditional approach. Lint yield and yield components were mainly controlled by genotypic effects, i.e., additive variance and dominance variance (≥66 % of total phenotypic variation). Lint percentage and lint index had the highest proportions of additive variance component to the total phenotypic variances. SP156 and SP205 had positive additive effects for lint yield and yield components, and were also parents of the most hybrids with positive predicted dominant effects. Therefore, these two lines are good combiners for development of both pure lines and hybrids. Positive additive contribution effects to lint yield from lint percentage, boll number, boll weight, and seed index were detected in different parents. Adding seed index to boll number and lint percentage increased additive contribution effects to lint yield from these two components relative to the contribution effects from either boll number or lint percentage alone. Results in this study suggest that boll number, lint percentage, and seed index should be balanced in pure line development. 相似文献
4.
本文采用NCⅡ交配设计方法,以9个陆地棉品种(系)配置16个杂交组合,利用加性—显性与环境互作的遗传模型(ADE模型),分析亲本和F1在2013年持续高温干旱条件下望江、九江2个环境下的农艺和产量性状,估算了各项遗传方差分量,分析了性状间各项遗传效应的相关性和各性状的杂种优势。结果表明,农艺和产量性状易受环境条件影响,子棉产量、皮棉产量、单株铃数和铃重的遗传主要受显性效应控制,衣分同时受加性和显性效应控制,子指主要受加性效应控制。遗传相关分析表明,子棉产量和皮棉产量与铃重和衣分呈显性正相关;铃重与衣分呈显性正相关,衣分与子指的加性和显性均为负相关。杂种优势分析表明,中棉所63的铃重、衣分、子指、子棉产量和皮棉产量的群体平均优势达极显著水平,其皮棉产量的杂种优势可以利用至F3。 相似文献
5.
Hailian Wang Guiling Chen Huawen Zhang Bin Liu Yanbing Yang Ling Qin Erying Chen Yanan Guan 《Euphytica》2014,195(1):117-127
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids display commercially useful levels of heterosis for lint yield. Cotton lint yield is primarily a multiplicative product of boll number and lint per boll, both of which can be further dissected into sub-components. Relationships among the yield components are complex where they further interact with the environment. To identify different yield components of hybrid cotton lint yield and their relationship with environment, three cotton varieties, DP51, STV474 and LA887 and, their respective hybrids were evaluated for lint yield components across five environments. Heterosis was observed for lint yield as well as yield components. The relationship between heterosis and mean environmental yield was negative for two hybrid combinations, whereas one hybrid showed increased heterosis from low to high yielding environments. Boll number was the major yield component contributing to lint yield. However, yield components contributing to the change in heterosis from low to high yielding environments were different for the three hybrids. The change in lint yield heterosis across environments was correlated with lint per boll and lint per seed for DP51 × STV474 and LA887 × DP51. Whereas, bolls number and boll retention were the main yield components contributing to higher lint yield heterosis of STV474 × LA887 in low yielding environments. Results also reveal effects of parental entries on lint yield as well as relationship of heterosis and environment. 相似文献
6.
Yongshan Zhang Shuxun Yu Xiangmo Guo Zhiwei Wang Qinglian Wang Li Chu 《Euphytica》2008,159(1-2):93-102
When alien DNA inserts into the cotton genome in a multicopy manner, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the cotton
genome are disrupted; these are called dQTL in this study. A transgenic mutant line is near-isogenic to its recipient, which
is divergent for the dQTL from the remaining QTLs. Therefore, a set of data from a transgenic QTL line mutated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (30074), its recipient and their F1 hybrids, and three elite lines were analyzed under a modified
additive-dominance model with genotype × environment interactions in three different environments to separate the genetic
effects due to dQTL from whole-genome effects. Our result showed that dQTL had significant additive effects on lint percentage,
boll weight, and boll number per square meter, while it had little genetic association with fiber traits, seed cotton yield,
and lint yield. The dQTL in 30074 significantly increased lint percentage and boll number, while significantly decreasing
boll weight, having little effect on fibre traits, while those from the recipient and three elite lines showed significant
genetic effects on lint percentage. In addition, the remaining QTL other than dQTL had significant additive effects on seed
cotton yield, fruiting branch number, uniformity index, micronaire, and short fibre index, and significant dominance effects
on seed cotton yield, lint yield, and boll number per square meter. The additive and dominance effects under homozygous and
heterozygous conditions for each line are also predicted in this study. 相似文献
7.
The cultivated tetraploid Gossypium barbadense L. cotton produces superior natural fibers for the textile industry in the world. However, the possibility in utilization of heterosis to further increase its lint yield has not been extensively explored. In this study, two commercial US Pima cotton cultivars and three exotic G. barbadense lines, together with all of their possible hybrids in F1 and F2 progeny without reciprocals, were tested for lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits in four environments in 2005–2007. With a few exceptions, genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E were all significant or highly significant for all the traits studied. General combining ability (GCA) variances for all the traits in both F1 and F2 were also significant, while specific combining ability (SCA) variances were detected only for lint yield, fiber length, and micronaire in both generations and boll weight in F1. GCA × E was also detected for lint percent, seed index, and fiber length in both F1 and F2, and boll weight in F1, but none of the traits had significant SCA × E. As a group, F1 and F2 out-yielded the parent group by 20–40% and 6–10%, respectively. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for lint yield in F1 was generally positive, ranging from ?4.7 to 116.4% with an average of 21.2–48.7%, while lint yield MPH in F2 ranged from ?23.3 to 69.4% with an average of 6.4–12.4%. However, useful heterosis in lint yield was only detected in the hybrid between the two US commercial cultivars Pima S-7 and DP 340. MPH for other traits was low or not detected. MPH in F2 was lower than that in F1 but they were generally positively correlated. The genetic distances (GD) of the parents (based on 467 polymorphic RAPD and AFLP markers) between the five parents was not consistently correlated with MPH and SCA of their hybrids and dominant effects for lint yield and other traits. However, significant and positive correlations between GD of parents and the performance of their hybrids were detected for lint yield, lint percentage, and lint index in both F1 and F2 in most of the tests. GD of parents was also correlated with their GCA and additive effects in lint yield, lint percent, lint index, micronaire, plant height, and elongation. The results suggest that the close correlation between GD and hybrid performance per se was mainly due to the existence of GCA and additive effects from parents. 相似文献
8.
Knowledge of genetic relationships between within‐boll yield components and fibre quality is essential for simultaneous improvement of lint yield and fibre quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Nine parents and their F1 progeny with reciprocals from a 3 × 6 factorial mating design were grown in 2008 and 2009. Seven within‐boll yield components and two boll morphological traits and the three fibre quality parameters were analysed based on a conditional additive/dominance (AD) genetic model. Results showed that boll length contributed to the largest proportion of phenotypic, additive and dominance variances for UHM length; seed index contributed to the largest proportion of phenotypic and additive variances for fibre strength; boll width made the largest contribution to phenotypic and additive variances and the second largest contribution to dominance‐by‐environment interaction variance for micronaire, indicating that they played an important role than the other traits for fibre length, strength and fineness/maturity, respectively. It is worthy of note that those correlations between boll shape and fibre quality apply only to the nine parents and the resultant hybrids in this study and do not imply a cause and effect relationship. 相似文献
9.
密度对棉花产量及棉铃内部产量构成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以杂交种中棉所75和常规种鲁棉研28为材料,从冠层、单株以及单铃内部几个不同层次深入研究了密度对产量及产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,密度显著影响棉花产量,且这种影响可追溯到单株,甚至单个棉铃内部的单个种子上。5.1万株和8.7万株·hm-2密度下皮棉产量无显著差异,但显著高于1.5万株·hm-2密度的产量。在该试验密度范围,随着密度增加,棉株上部果枝和外围果节的成铃率显著降低;铃重、单粒种子截面积和单铃内种子数随密度增加呈下降趋势;单粒种子上纤维质量与种子所处位置相关,在棉铃基部和中部其随密度变化差异较大。 相似文献
10.
转基因抗虫棉产量性状的遗传效应及其杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了9个亲本和36个F1的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的两年资料,估算了转基因抗虫棉各项遗传方差和成对性状间各项遗传效应的相关性.结果表明,转基因抗虫棉的产量性状受加性和显性效应共同控制,皮棉产量、铃重和衣分都以基因的显性效应为主,而单株铃数是以加性效应为主,单株铃数和衣分还具有基因与环境互作效应.遗传相关分析表明,转基因抗虫棉的皮棉产量与单株铃数的基因型和表现型相关系数都比较大而且比较接近;皮棉产量与单株铃数、铃重和衣分的加性相关系数都达到极显著水平,而且皮棉产量与单株铃数、衣分的数值比较大.利用亲本和F1的资料预测了F2基因型值和杂种优势,结果表明,转基因抗虫棉F2的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的群体平均优势分别为4.0%、5.1%、-1.3%和3.2%,群体超亲优势分别为-7.3%、-6.0%、-4.2%和-0.5%. 相似文献
11.
衣分不同陆地棉品种的产量及产量构成因素的遗传分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
选用衣分不同的陆地棉品种配置组合,率先将主基因-多基因联合世代分析与双列杂交试验分析相结合,分别从单个和整体基因水平上对棉花产量及产量构成因素进行了遗传研究。对2个高×低衣分组合的主基因-多基因6世代联合分析结果表明,各产量性状至少在1个组合中检测到主基因的存在,说明产量性状主基因存在的普遍性。由2个组合各产量性状的主基因、多基因遗传率比较得出,产量性状的主基因遗传率比多基因遗传率在不同组合间趋势变化相对较稳定;各性状在2个组合中的主基因、多基因遗传率分量不完全相同。衣分、铃重和籽指在2个组合中分别以主基因遗传为主和以多基因遗传为主;子棉产量和皮棉产量在2个组合中均以主基因遗传为主;衣指在组合I中以多基因遗传为主,在组合II中属于典型的多基因遗传;单株铃数在组合I中属于典型的主基因遗传,在组合II中以多基因遗传为主。双列杂交结果表明,陆地棉产量及产量构成因素都有较高的遗传主效应方差,产量性状受加性效应和显性效应共同控制,其中,衣分、衣指以加性效应为主;子棉产量、铃重和籽指以显性效应为主;皮棉产量和单株铃数以加性和显性效应为主。衣分和衣指的普通广义遗传率和普通狭义遗传率均最高,与联合世代分析两性状的总遗传率平均值结果趋势一致。相关和通径分析一致表明,产量构成因素中单株铃数对皮棉产量的贡献最大,衣分次之,铃重最小。 相似文献
12.
陆地棉产量性状的遗传分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
采用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析陆地棉8个杂交亲本和F128个组合的7个产量性状的两年试验资料,估算各项遗传方并非分量和F1、F2的杂种优势.结果表明,产量性状受加性效应和显性效应共同控制,加性×环境各产量性状均极显著,铃重、衣分、籽指还受显性×环境的极显著影响,7项产量性状的广义和狭义遗传率均达到极显著水准. 相似文献
13.
The analysis of genetic correlations between fiber length (Len), strength (Str), micronaire, and 12 other traits was conducted using the additive (A)-dominance (D) genetic model, which considers genotype × environment interaction effects, in intraspecific upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids to effectively improve the quality of cotton cultivars in high planting density cases. Decision-making coefficients were computed based on the genetic correlation and path analysis of three fiber quality traits. The decision-making coefficient analysis of three fiber traits in cross breeding was beneficial for the improvement of Len by increasing the additive effects of Str and length of boll (LB) and decreasing lint percentage (LP), boll number of the top three fruit-bearing branches. The analysis was also beneficial for the improvement of Str and fiber fineness by increasing or decreasing the additive effects of other traits. Utilizing heterosis in hybrids was beneficial to the heterosis of Len by selecting the high dominance effects of number of nodes of the 1st fruit-bearing branch and LB and decreasing the dominance effects of diameter of boll (DB) and LP and for improving Str by increasing the dominance effects of DB and decreasing the dominance effects of number of fruit-bearing branches and number of nodes of the main stem (NNMS). Utilizing heterosis was also beneficial for improving fineness by increasing the dominance effects of LB, Str, and lint yield and decreasing the dominance effects of NNMS and Len. 相似文献
14.
陆地棉配合力与杂种优势、遗传距离的相关性分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
用10个陆地棉亲本进行不完全双列杂交,共配置了45个组合,计算亲本的一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力(SCA)、杂种优势,并结合SSR标记研究了陆地棉亲本配合力与杂种优势、遗传距离之间的相关关系。配合力分析发现,10个亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力存在显著或极显著差异。分析亲本配合力、杂种优势和遗传距离的相关性发现,子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分的一般配合力和杂种优势呈显著或极显著相关,纤维长度、比强度、麦克隆值、株高、果枝数、单株铃数、铃重、子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分的特殊配合力和杂种优势均呈极显著正相关,而与遗传距离相关均不显著。单株铃数、铃重、子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分的杂种优势与遗传距离均为正向显著或极显著相关。在育种实践中这些显著或极显著相关的性状可能具有较高的改良潜力。 相似文献
15.
基于陆地棉背景的海岛棉染色体片段导入系产量性状QTL定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
棉花产量分为籽棉产量和皮棉产量,其中高皮棉产量总是育种的首要目标。皮棉产量由单株铃数、衣分、单铃重等因素组成。其中衣分在各因素中的遗传率最高,同时也是产量育种中重要的选择指标。育种中利用分离群体对单株铃数、铃重等产量性状选择受环境影响较大。利用染色体片段导入系进行铃数、铃重等产量性状的定位,定向改良产量性状,是棉花分子设计育种的有效方法。本研究利用陆地棉TM-1为轮回亲本和海岛棉海7124为非轮回亲本构建了一套陆地棉背景的染色体片段导入系,并在7个环境的田间试验下,鉴定了它们的产量表现,定位了28个与单株铃数、铃重、衣分和籽指相关的QTL。其中,在Dt亚组染色体上鉴定出的产量性状QTL多于在At亚组染色体上鉴定出的。28个QTL中,加性效应为正的16个,加性效应为负的12个,表明海岛棉不同的导入片段效应不同,有的片段可以提高陆地棉产量,有的则降低陆地棉产量。在6个环境下,导入系IL008(特征标记NAU2573和NAU3576)的衣分均显著高于轮回亲本TM-1,因此IL008可以应用于棉花分子育种,定向改良陆地棉的衣分。 相似文献
16.
不同生态棉区棉花单铃重构成因子的特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解棉花单铃重及与其构成因子间在数量上的变化规律, 阐明新疆棉花单铃重较高的内部原因, 以不同生态棉区选育的棉花品种为试验材料, 分别在新疆库尔勒、石河子和河北南宫市3地种植,分期播种, 并在不同生育期对相应部位棉铃挂牌标记, 吐絮收获后, 对所标记棉铃统一考种, 测定单铃重及短绒重、每粒种子着生纤维根数等构成因子。结果表明,棉花单铃重以南疆棉区最高,除短绒重和每粒种子着生纤维重在北疆棉区略高外, 其他铃重构成因子均以南疆棉区最高, 河北棉区最低。单铃重、单铃纤维重、每粒种子着生纤维总重及每粒种子着生纤维重均与其相应的构成因子显著正相关。除衣分和单铃种子数表现为北疆自育早熟品种略高于内地引进早中熟品种外, 单铃重及其他单铃重构成因子均表现为内地引进早中熟品种高于北疆自育早熟品种。单铃重构成因子均以新疆2个棉区较高, 除生态因素影响外, 这是新疆棉区, 特别是南疆棉区单铃重较高的主要内部因素。 相似文献
17.
低酚棉产量、纤维品质性状的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以32个低酚棉品种（系）为材料,对10个产量、纤维品质性状进行的遗传分析结果表明：低酚棉多数产量构成因素与皮棉产量为正相关,提高衣指、降低籽指虽可提高衣分和单株结铃数,但不利于增加单铃重;高产、优质的矛盾主要表现在纤维长度、比强度与衣分和单株结铃数有较强的负相关。在较大群体的基础上,通过早代的正向选 相似文献
18.
19.
Effects of Planting Date on Sucrose Metabolism in the Leaf Subtending to Cotton Boll,Within-boll Yield Components and Fiber Quality 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Chen Gong Peng Jinjian Luo Haihua Gao Xin Yuan Changkai Yin Mengyao Xiang Chunling Wang Peipei Tu Qinghua Tang Feiyu 《棉花学报》2013,32(2):102-112
[Objective] The present study aimed to investigate how sucrose metabolism in the leaf subtending to cotton boll, within-boll yield components and fiber quality respond to varying planting dates. [Method] Two upland cotton lines A705 and A201 differing in cotton boll traits were field tested in 2016-2017. Two different planting dates were designed with early planting on April 12, 2016, and April 15, 2017, and late planting on May 6, 2016, and May 28, 2017, respectively. Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates (sucrose, hexose, starch) and key sucrose metabolism enzymes in the leaf subtending to cotton boll were examined including vacuolar acid invertase, cell wall acid invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase. The differences between two planting dates were compared for within- boll yield components, fiber quality and sucrose metabolism related characteristics. [Result] Late planting lengthened the period of cotton boll maturation relative to early planting. Boll weight, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage and micronaire were decreased. Late planting reduced the activities of cell wall acid invertase and sucrose synthase responsible for sucrose degradation, and in turn led to the increment of sucrose concentration in the subtending leaves which might enhance the carbon supply to the opposite bolls. [Conclusion] Lower temperature due to late planting could contribute to the more full development of cotton bolls. Late planting is an alternative consideration in improvement of fiber quality in cotton cultural practices. 相似文献
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为了探究简化栽培措施对不同类型棉花品种产量和纤维品质性状的影响程度,以3种类型棉花品种为试验材料,在中等密度（5.2万株/hm2）条件下研究常规整枝和不整枝2种栽培方式对棉花产量及纤维品质性状的影响。结果表明整枝措施对不同类型棉花品种的铃重、籽指、衣分、纤维长度、马克隆值、整齐度指数、伸长率均没有显著影响,对纤维比强度影响显著(F=7.27);整枝和品种类型对棉花产量构成因素（铃重、籽指、衣分）和纤维品质性状均没有互作效应。在种植密度5.2万株/hm2时,整枝措施能提高棉花品种的纤维比强度,对棉花产量构成因素（铃重、籽指、衣分）无显著影响。 相似文献