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1.
为了提高香榧接穗嫁接成活率和新梢生长量,以培育3a的当地榧树实生苗和诸暨枫桥的香榧枝条为材料,分别于2019,2020年3月进行香榧苗木嫁接试验,当年10月下旬统计劈接、切接、插皮接、贴枝接4种嫁接方法的接穗嫁接成活率、测定年新梢长度和基径.结果显示,嫁接方法对嫁接后接穗成活率有极大影响,4种嫁接方法的接穗嫁接成活率最高的是插皮接(2 a平均成活率为92.80％),比最低的贴枝接(2 a平均成活率为58.18％),提高34.62％,达极显著差异(P=0.0001).插皮接新梢基径、新梢生长量最高,分别为4.57 mm,22.29 cm,新梢基径最低的是劈接4.45 mm,新梢生长量最低的是切接21.44 cm,贴枝接的新梢基径和新梢生长量均居于第3,不同嫁接方法之间,新梢基径、新梢生长量虽有差异,但差异不显著(P>0.8462).因此,采用嫁接技术培育无性繁殖的香榧苗时,应优先考虑插皮接方法,然后再考虑用切接法或劈接法. 相似文献
2.
香榧大砧嫁接技术试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以地径3~5cm的实生榧树大苗为砧木、"细榧"等品种为接穗,研究不同嫁接部位、嫁接时间、嫁接高度、大砧地径大小对香榧新梢生长和嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,采用主枝劈接和主干劈接的嫁接成活率分别为100%和87.67%,接穗成活率分别为95.17%和83.33%,达到10%以上的显著水平,平均抽梢个数无差异,但主干劈接的新梢平均生长量43.18cm、高于主枝劈接的37.22cm;主干劈接时间上,嫁接成活率间没有显著差异,但新梢生长量随嫁接时间推迟而减小;主干劈接的高度对嫁接成活率、平均抽梢次数没有显著差异,平均新梢长度越低、新梢越长;砧木地径大小对嫁接成活率、平均抽梢次数没有显著差异,但地径越大、新梢越长。 相似文献
3.
用2年生核桃实生苗为砧木,辽核3号为接穗,在清水县4月上中旬进行了舌接、插皮舌接、贴接、劈接、切接等五种枝接试验,结果表明:贴接的成活率最高,可达78%,是清水县核桃育苗的首选嫁接方法。插皮舌接的成活率为62%,苗木质量最好,新梢长和基部粗分别为142.5cm和2.5cm。在砧木粗时采用此方法最好。6月底进行了方块芽接不同剪砧高度处理试验,结果表明:接芽上方留一叶片剪砧成活率最高,达85%,是方块芽接最佳剪砧高度。 相似文献
4.
几种影响水曲柳嫁接成活与生长的因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水曲柳的最佳嫁接方法为舌接法,其次为劈接和贴接;在本试验地5月均适于嫁接,最佳嫁接时间为中、下旬（2005年结果）,高生长也达到最大;舌接带顶芽接穗嫁接成活率（97．2％）显著高于无顶芽接穗（43．1％）,当年高生长量差异不显著;水曲柳接穗嫁接成活率雌株（87．2％）高于雄株（79．2％）,但生长量相反;不同无性系接穗的嫁接成活率及当年高生长差异极显著;高砧嫁接成活率与低砧嫁接差异不显著,但接穗当年平均高生长低于低砧嫁接。 相似文献
5.
1986年在建德林场进行了三项银杏嫁接试验:①用采自1株雄树的接穗,分别在1～2龄和3～4龄苗砧上以切接、劈接、合接、腹接和插皮接5种方法嫁接,按裂区设计,重复3次,每小区接8株:②用采自60株雌树(无性系)的接穗以劈接法嫁接,按完全随机区组设计排列,3个区组,第1、2、3区组分别为8、9、10株小区;③用已嫁接成活生长1年的13个雌树无性系的嫁接苗,按完全随机区组设计进行栽培试验,5个区组,2株小区,株行距5×5m,年底测定嫁接成活率和各年度的新稍生长。数据分析表明:砧龄×接法的交互作用引起成活率的显著差异,1～2龄砧用劈接,3～4龄砧用合接最好。不同无性系间在嫁接成活率和1、2、3年新梢生长上都有极显著差异。各年度新梢生长具密切相关,它们与嫁接成活率的相关不紧密。认为愈合能力和生长速度都受到无性系的控制。 相似文献
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通过研究野皂荚嫁接皂荚的不同嫁接方法、不同砧木粗度对嫁接苗成活率和生长量的影响。结果表明,插皮接和劈接的成活率均达到82%以上,嫁接当年新梢停止生长后高长量达到2 m以上。但劈接法比较费时、费工,最佳的嫁接方法为插皮接。不同砧木粗度对嫁接成活率的影响不大,但砧木越粗接穗的生长量越大。因此,在野皂荚改嫁皂荚定株时,要尽可能保留地径较粗的野皂荚进行嫁接。 相似文献
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10.
金花茶嫁接繁殖试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《福建林业科技》2015,(3):113-118
设切接、劈接、髓心形成层腹接、单芽腹接和芽苗砧嫁接5个处理。试验结果:芽苗砧嫁接、单芽腹接2种方法嫁接的平均成活率达99.00%、92.11%,显著高于切接、劈接、髓心形成层腹接3种方法嫁接的平均成活率,其中芽苗砧嫁接的平均成活率分别高于切接、劈接、髓心形成层腹接平均成活率的52.31%、56.87%、22.39%;芽苗砧嫁接的平均抽梢率为73.97%,显著高于切接、劈接、髓心形成层腹接、单芽腹接4种方法嫁接的平均抽梢率,分别为342.67%、496.05%、185.27%、158.37%;单芽腹接、髓心形成层腹接的平均抽梢率分别为28.63%、25.93%,2种方法嫁接的平均抽梢率之间差异不显著;劈接、切接的平均抽梢率分别为12.41%、16.71%,2种方法嫁接的平均抽梢率之间差异也不显著。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献