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1.
Incorporation of monoploids in practical breeding requires an efficient method of producing homozygous diploids. This study investigated factors for efficient regeneration of doubled monoploid (DM) potato, crossability of DMs and their field performance. Incorporation of silver thiosulphate (STS) in propagation medium for in vitro monoploid plantlets of Solanum phureja did not affect the frequency of cells with diploid(2x) nuclei but increased those with monoploid (1x) and decreased those with 4x nuclei. Higher shoot regeneration was obtained from leaf explants compared with stem explants. Induction of shoots from calluswas affected neither by light during incubation nor by overnight treatment with a benzyl adenine pulse. Female fertility based on seed set after pollination of DMs with heterozygous diploid clones varied among DMs but encouraged their utilization in practical breeding. 相似文献
2.
Summary In an attempt to determine the transmission of androgenetic competence, 10 families resulting from intra- and interspecific hybrids including three reciprocal hybrids were examined in anther culture. Hybrid families were generated between competent clones of Solanum phureja and incompetent clones of S. phureja, S. microdontum and S. berthaultii. S. phureja clones PP5 and A95 (derived by androgenesis of a 2n microspore of PP5) were found to be consistently competent for androgenesis. Androgenetic competence was observed to segregate in all hybrid families with some highly responsive and some unresponsive genotypes in all families. A total of 9,465 cultured anthers have yielded 936 embryoids and 91 plants, including 29 monoploids. The cytoplasm of species lacking competence appeared to have greater influence on the expression of androgenesis in intraspecific than in interspecific hybrids. Expression of androgenesis varied among half-sib hybrid families indicating that competence for androgenesis was influenced by the parents lacking competence. The anther culture data on a backcross between a highly responsive hybrid and its unresponsive parent indicated that competence may be under control of a single dominant gene. 相似文献
3.
P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(3):181-187
The comparison, between the efficiency of anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosum method in barley was extended to the chromosome number distributions of all planes derived from the two techniques and the proportions of fertile doubled haploid plants which survived until maturity. The frequencies of haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid plants which were useful for practical breeding purposes were found to be around 90 % for both techniques. The remainder consisted of polyploid, mixoploid and aneuploid variants in the case of microspore-derived plants and diploid interspecific hybrids in the progeny of the H. bulbosum method. The ploidy level distributions of the microspore- and H. bulbosum-derived plants appeared to be independent of the genotype of the donor. There were no significant differences between techniques regarding the proportions, of plants which survived a severe winter and the production of fertile doubled haploid plants. Both techniques can therefore complement each other in a breeding programme and their relative merits are discussed. Possible ways of improving doubled haploid production in barley are suggested for increasing its use in breeding schemes. 相似文献
4.
B. Maris 《Euphytica》1990,46(1):15-33
Summary To determine whether in potatoes the tetraploid level is preferable to the diploid level, especially regarding tuber yield, four diploid (2n=2×=24) Solanum phureja x dihaploid S. tuberosum hybrid parents and their vegetatively doubled, tetraploid (2n=4×=48) counterparts were intermated, which resulted in two F1 hybrid families at both levels of ploidy. The parents and clones of the F1 families and their offspring were used in crosses in such a way that in addition Sib1, Sib2, F1×Sib1, BC1 and Sib1×Sib1 families were produced. Of the first clonal generation of the 12 2 x families and their 12 counterpart 4 x families two tubers per clone were planted in three replications in a field experiment at Sturgeon Bay in 1969; of the parents six tubers were planted in each replication. Data were recorded on 16 characters, including plant height at four different times.The ANOVA's showed significant clone effects within each family for all characters. Computed from all family means as well as from the family means per ploidy level, differences due to family were also significant for all characters except one.As at the 2 x level and at the 4 x level of ploidy the mean phenotypic correlations between characters were of similar magnitude, it is concluded that they are independent of ploidy level.With the exception of eye depth, the mean coefficient of variation was greater at the 2 x than at the 4 x level of ploidy, indicating the greatest response to selection for those characters at the 2 x level. From the differences in family means between the 4 x and the 2 x level of ploidy it was apparent that the 4 x families generally had significantly taller plants, later maturity, fewer tubers, higher mean tuber weight, more tuber yield and more dry matter yield than their counterpart 2 x families. In contrast, the 4 x parents had on the average shorter plants, lower mean tuber weight, much lower tuber yield and lower dry matter yield than their 2 x counterparts.The phenotypic correlation and Spearman's rank correlation between the family means of the 2 x and the 4 x level of ploidy were positive for almost all characters and significant for nearly half of them.From the results it is concluded that 1. in potatoes the 4 x level of ploidy is preferable to the 2 x level, and 2. the performance of 4 x families is predictable from the performance of their counterpart 2 x families.Based on results mentioned in the literature and on the present results, a continued use of S. tuberosum dihaploids in potato breeding needs to be dissuaded. 相似文献
5.
Summary Response of anthers in in vitro culture was examined in the indica-japonica hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Significant genotypic differences were observed for callus induction and regeneration among the different interracial hybrids of indica-japonica races. Induction frequency of haploids ranged from 57.7 to 72.9 per cent and doubled haploid androgenic lines ranged from 27.1 to 42.3 per cent in the anther culture of the different hybrids. The indica-japonica hybrids recorded partial pollen grain and spikelet fertility in F1 (29.9 to 41.5% and 19.4 to 48.7% respectively) as well as in F2 (42.7 to 50.6% and 37.1 to 54.4% respectively). In contrast, the androgenic doubled haploid lines recorded significant increase and the pollen grain and spikelet fertility was 76.3 and 78.6 per cent respecitively. The results suggested that the sterility barriers for realising genetic recombinants and fixation of fertile homozygous lines in indica-japonica hybridization programme could be overcome through F1 anther culture technique.Abbreviations BAP
Benzyl Amino Purine
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog medium
- IAA
Indole Acetic Acid 相似文献
6.
The use of microspore or anther culture to generate doubled-haploids (DH) is an important adjunct to broccoli breeding) Regenerated populations from broccoli anther culture are usually mixtures of ploidy. However, ploidy composition of populations derived from microspore culture has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to characterize regenerants derived from microspore culture, to evaluate factors influencing these characteristics and to compare results with those from anther culture. Eight populations, four from each culture method, were generated simultaneously using the same four F1 hybrids as donor parents. The ploidy level of all regenerants was determined by DNA flow cytometry: the majority of them were diploid. As in anther culture, a mixture of ploidy was observed in all populations derived from microspore culture. Ploidy variation was more frequent among clonal families from anther culture (10%) than microspore culture (5%)‘Everest’ was the most productive donor parent with both methods, while ‘Greenbelt’ and ‘Major’ were least productive in anther and microspore culture, respectively. Genotype specificity for the total number of regenerated plants and ploidy composition occurred in both culture methods. 相似文献
7.
Summary The degree of similarity of a BC line with its recurrent parent is not related to the presence of expressions for morphological characters originating from the donor like purple coleoptile, purple anther and waxy leaf. BC lines derived from one donor do not resemble each other more than they do other BC lines. The absence of characters conditioned by dominant or co-dominant genes may be caused by the presence of inhibitor genes. 相似文献
8.
Summary Possible negative effects of tissue culture on qualitative and quantitative characters have been investigated in three crosses of spring barley, using doubled haploid lines produced by anther culture (AC, with maltose as a carbon source) or the Hordeum bulbosum-method (HB). In one cross inbred lines produced by single seed descent (SSD) have also been included. Quantitative characters were investigated in a 2-year field experiment at one location. The results show that although the methods in the majority of cases gave similar results, the genotypic arrays produced were not identical. Different markers deviated in the various cross/method combinations. The ranking of methods as well as the frequencies of lines transgressive for grain yield differed between crosses. Thus no consistently negative impact of anther culture in barley has been found, and, although not identical, the various methods may be considered equivalent.Abbreviations AC
Anther Culture method
- SSD
Single Seed Descent method
- HB
Hordeum bulbosum method 相似文献
9.
Summary First- and second-cycle doubled haploids of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were examined to ascertain the significance of source genotype on the performance of anther-derived material and to determine the magnitude of changes from the haploid-production and chromosome-doubling stages. The anther-derived lines evaluated in this study did not exhibit siginficant yield reductions. However, significant interactions between the cycle comparison and the source genotypes indicated that source genotype can affect the degree of vigor reduction observed. Significant variation was also observed among the second-cycle doubled haploids examined in this study. Partitioning of this variation indicates that most of it is due to alteration present at the haploid-production step instead of the chromosome-doubling step. In general, the variation present in the second-cycle doubled haploids was distributed around the values observed for the source first-cycle doubled haploids. Even though unexpected variation is often observed in anther-derived materials, these results suggest that reduced vigor is not intrinsically associated with androgenetic lines of burley tobacco. The most plausible explanations for the variation and vigor losses in anther-derived lines propose that natural phenomena, given the opportunity for expression via anther culture, are responsible. Spontaneous variants present in the gametic pool of inbreds or first-cycle doubled haploids offer one possible explanation for the performance observed in anther-derived lines of tobacco.Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091. This research was supported, in part, by a grant from R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. This paper (no. 85-3-29) is published with the approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
10.
Summary Twenty-nine primary triticales (x Triticosecale Wittmack), derived from homozygous, uniform wheat and rye inbreds, were evaluated (i) to assess wheat, rye and interaction effects for yield-related characters, (ii) to estimate correlations between these characters, and (iii) to investigate the possibility of predicting micro-plot performance from early spaced-plant tests. The triticales (12 octoploid, 17 hexaploid) were tested under space-planting and in micro-plots in three-replicate, randomized block designs in 1983 and 1984, respectively. In general, hexaploid triticales performed significantly better than octoploids. Strong wheat and wheat x rye interaction effects were found, making it difficult to predict the performance of primary triticales from their constituent parental genotypes. At both ploidy levels under space-planting kernel weight per spike showed significant positive correlations with spikelets per spike, kernels per spikelet, and 1000-kernel weight. No significant associations were detected between spaced-plant and micro-plot performance for octoploids, indicating severe disorders at this ploidy level. In hexaploid triticales spikes per plant, kernel weight per spike, and kernels per spikelet observed in spaced-plants appeared to be useful indicators of grain yield in micro-plots. 相似文献
11.
G. Figliuolo V. Candido G. Logozzo V. Miccolis P.L. Spagnoletti Zeuli 《Euphytica》2001,121(3):325-334
Garlic cultivated in rural farms of South Italy is often a heterogeneous clone population, which can comprise different cytotypes.
A collection of cultivated garlic from the University of Basilicata gene-bank, was evaluated for ploidy level, and 16 different
morphological traits. Out of50 accessions, 7 were hexaploids (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and43 diploids (Allium sativum L.). Significant differences in yield were observed within and between ploidy levels. The heritable traits most correlated
with yield were plant height (h2 = 0.62) within diploid types and neck diameter (h2 = 0.75) within hexaploids. Discriminant analysis did show that four characters (leaf basal width, total n° of leaves, clove diameter and neck height) were able to correctly discriminate all germ plasm accessions between the two
species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Anther Culture Derived Homozygous Lines in Hordeum bulbosum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The production of homozygous doubled haploids via anther culture was investigated in the self-incompatible diploid species Hordeum bulbosum. Anthers from three accessions (GBC77, GBC752 and GBC753) were cultured on FHG media using IAA or three levels (1, 50 and 100 mg/l) of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA). Four green plants and 63 albino plants were obtained from a total of 1620 plated anthers (540/accession). The best mean anther response, number of embryogenic calli and regenerated plants were obtained with 50 mg/1 PAA. Three of the four green plants survived to maturity and, based on root-tip squashes stained with feulgen, all had 14 chromosomes like the anther donor parent. These anther culture-derived plants contained only some of the parental DNA bands, as observed by PCR analysis, indicating that they are of gametic origin rather than arising from somatic parental tissue. This is the first report of homozygous lines produced from this self-incompatible species. 相似文献
13.
Anther culture has been demonstrated to be an applicable technique for the development of doubled haploid, i. e. homozygous lines of many crop species. In some species, androgenetic doubled haploids have already been shown to be a useful tool for breeding. However, anther culture results in sunflower have been rather unsatisfactory up to now. As in other species, anther culture response of sunflower (Helianthus sp.) is strongly affected by physical, nutritional, physiological and genetical factors. By testing a number of different culture parameters, i. e. donor plant stages, culture media and conditions, and appropriate schedule could be worked out for the successful regeneration of shoots – at least for a number of sunflower lines and interspecific hybrids. 相似文献
14.
Effects of donor plant temperature,photoperiod, and age on anther culture response of Capsicum annuum L. 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Summary Effects of temperature and photoperiod for donor plant growth on embryo formation in Capsicum annuum anther culture were investigated. Donor plants were grown in glasshouses at minimum temperatures between 16 and 30° C and at photoperiods between 11 and 19 h. Anthers were collected from individual plants over five to nine week periods to test the significance of donor plant age. Embryos were obtained at all temperature regimes with a calculated optimum temperature of 26.4° C. Embryo formation was unaffected by the photoperiods tested. Embryo formation varied among successive samplings. However, a significant decline in anther culture response with increasing donor plant age was observed in all three experiments.Abbreviations AT
average air temperature the week before anther incubation
- EMB 100
1n (embryos per 100 anthers +1) 相似文献
15.
Salej Sood Samresh Dwivedi Thamalampudi Venkata Reddy Panuganti Satya Prasanna Navin Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):764-771
Production of doubled haploid plants through androgenesis in flue‐cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco is a promising and convenient alternative to conventional selfing techniques for the generation of absolute homozygous lines. Here, we show a robust in vitro haploid and doubled haploid development protocol in FCV tobacco with major emphasis on improving the efficiency of chromosome doubling using in vitro colchicine treatment. We used five FCV tobacco hybrids for comparison of colchicine treatments. The anther culture response varied with developmental stages of the buds, and the highest response was observed in stage 2 buds. The effect of cold pretreatment was significant, and 4 days of pretreatment was optimum for gametic embryogenesis. Among the methods used for determining the ploidy status of plants, flow cytometry was found to be easy, fast and reliable for high‐throughput screening of haploids. Doubled haploids regeneration percentage varied from 6.77 to 11.95 in in vivo treatment, while the range of variation was 22.11% to 28.40% in in vitro colchicine treatment. We observed a pronounced increase in plant survival and the proportion of doubled haploid plants in in vitro treatment compared with the standard in vivo approach. 相似文献
16.
P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(3):215-219
The relative response to two-major techniques of producing haploids in barley – anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosyum method – were compared using seven F1 hybrids from a winter barley breeding programme. Both techniques were Applied to the same plants with the same number of replications. 358 viable green plants were obtained from 420 spikes ot donor plants used: 147 through anther culture and 211 through the H. bulbosum method. From the data analysis we found that the response to the two techniques was not significantly different, genotype effect and genotype × technique interaction were highly significant. The possibility of combining the two techniques in a doubled haploid production programme is discussed. 相似文献
17.
Chromosome doubling through adventitious shoot formation on in vitro cultivated leaf explants from diploid interspecific potato hybrids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Nearly 450 plantlets were produced from 51 diploid Solanum etuberosum x S. pinnatisectum F1 hybrids through adventitious shoot formation on in vitro cultivated rachis and petiole explants.On the basis of phenotypical assessment of the ploidy level of 425 plants, 84.7% of the plants were scored as doubled or doubled twice. A cytological analysis of ploidy in the three layers L1.L2 and L3 of 112 plants revealed 83.9% complete doubling: periclinal ploidy chimeras were not found and only two sectorial ploidy chimeras were detected. Doubled plants were obtained from all 51 clones.Various flower colours and epinastic leaves (in 1 clone) may be indications of mutagenesis through the treatment. 相似文献
18.
Doubled haploids have long been recognized as a valuable tool in plant breeding since it not only offers the quickest method
of advancing heterozygous breeding lines to homozygosity, but also increases the selection efficiency over conventional procedures
due to better discrimination between genotypes within any one generation. Ten cultivars of japonica rice and nine cultivars of indica rice were evaluated for androgenic response. Various doses (10–50 Gy) of gamma rays were applied to investigate the effect
of radiation on callus formation, green plant regeneration and the frequency of selected doubled haploid mutants. Similarly,
the effects of colchicine concentration (10–200 mg/l) on callus induction, regeneration and fertility of green plants were
observed. It was demonstrated that the dose of 20 Gy gamma rays and 30 mg/l concentration of colchicine have significant stimulation
effect on regeneration of green plants from rice anther culture. The high frequency of observed doubled haploid mutants indicates
that anther culture applied in connection with gamma rays is an effective way to improve rice cultivars.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Summary The genetic consequences of anther culture and chromosome-doubling techniques on burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were examined in this study. Three diploid populations, obtained from a burley tobacco inbred by conventional and anther-culture techniques, were compared. The first population consisted of 50 conventionally-selfed lines; the second population was made up of 35 doubled-haploid lines obtained from individual haploid plants by in vitro techniques (IVDH); and the third population consisted of 20 doubled-haploid lines whose chromosome complements had been doubled with colchicine (CDH). Comparisons of doubled-haploid lines with sexually-derived lines revealed significant differences for yield, maturity, leaf length, and alkaloid content. Yield reductions in the doubled-haploid populations averaged 8.5%. Significant differences observed between the IVDH and CDH populations indicate that the reported deleterious effects of colchicine contributed to the vigor reduction of doubled haploids. The anther derived lines in this study exhibited greater variation than did the sexual materials. This variation could provide useful variation for a breeding program. Variation exhibited by the sexual progeny of the highly inbred line, Kentucky 16, suggests that the differences among anther-derived materials are at least partially due to natural phenomena.Contribution from the department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091. This research was supported, in part, by a grant from R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. This paper (no 85-3-5) is published with the approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
20.
Summary A haploid breeding program was initiated to develop doubled haploid salt tolerant rice breeding line via anther culture. Two sensitive breeding lines BR4608-R1-R2 and BR4909-R1-R2 were crossed with a salt tolerant line IR13146-13-3-3 to transfer its salt tolerant character to the doubled haploids.Anther from confirmed F1s of the two crosses were cultured in defined medium for callus induction and eventual plant regeneration. Fifteen doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from two crosses. Test for salt tolerance were done in vitro. Five out of 15 lines were found tolerant at the level of 8–10 decisiemens/m (ds/m) while the rests were sensitive to that level of salinity.Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the doubled haploids under saline and non saline soil. Five salt tolerant lines produced comparable yield with the resistant control (BR 23) under saline condition, whereas these lines yielded even higher in non saline soil under irrigated condition when evaluated with other 10 sensitive DH linesAbbreviations LSD
Least Significant Difference
- NAA
Napthalene Acetic Acid 相似文献