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1.
At present, testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of crop varieties relies on a set of morphological characters. These characters suffer fromthe limitations of number, interaction with the environment in which the variety grows and subjectivity in decision-making. The potential of DNA-based markers such as sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), for establishing DUS merits investigation. In the present study, a set of 55 mapped STMS markers, selected from 12 linkage groups of rice genome, was used to examine distinctness of 23 aromatic rice genotypes including the commercially important Basmati varieties. Forty-one of these markers (74.5%) showed polymorphism between the varieties. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2–4 with an average of 2.3. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.083 to 0.665 with an average of 0.338. All the varieties could be differentiated from each other at a low probability (0.07×10-13) of identical match by chance. The marker-based clustering of the varieties corresponded with the known phenotypic classification, thereby providing confidence in the distinctness established by the mapped STMS markers. The utility of these markers to study uniformity and stability was analysed using a commercially important crossbred Basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati 1(IET-10364) that contributes about 40–50% of Basmati rice export from India. Genotyping of twenty individual plants, grown from the nucleus, breeder, foundation, certified and farmer's saved seed samples using all the 55 markers revealed no variation among the plants. These observations suggested that the set of mapped markers employed in this study could be further used for establishing distinctness of aromatic rice varieties and for studying DUS of the important commercial variety Pusa Basmati 1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

2.
利用SSR标记进行玉米品种一致性检测研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
为了评估SSR标记在玉米品种一致性鉴定中的应用价值及确定基于SSR标记的玉米一致性鉴定标准,利用13个SSR标记对213份来自2004年国家区域试验的玉米单交种(包括16份重复材料)进行了一致性分析,每个品种取20个个体,除在染色体6和8上各选取了2个和3个标记外,其他染色体上均各选取1个SSR标记.结果显示:一致性检测中异型带的类型有7种,每种出现的概率不同;不同品种在不同引物位点的一致性分布情况差别较大.比较位于同一染色体的引物一致性检测结果,发现在相同染色体上位置较近的不同引物一致性检测结果具有较高的相关性,因此提出在选用一致性检测的引物时应遵循均匀分布的原则,减少引物间的相关性.通过剔除自交个体对品种一致性比率进行校正(仅有7个品种),校正值可反映品种真实的遗传一致性和稳定性.综合考虑品种在单个引物位点的一致性和在所有位点的平均一致性,提出了划分玉米品种一致性级别的标准.  相似文献   

3.
小麦区试品系DUS测试的分子标记   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
为了确定测试小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)区试品系特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)的分子标记,采用156个来自我国不同麦区的品种对SSR、EST-SSR和AFLP-SCAR标记的1334对引物进行筛选,根据在染色体上分布均匀、多态性信息指数较高、带型清晰、不同等位变异的带型易于区分及PCR产物稳定的原则,筛选出105对小麦品种DUS测试的分子标记引物,包括63对SSR引物、21对EST-SSR引物和21对AFLP-SCAR引物,可以检测122个位点的754个等位变异,平均每条染色体上被检测位点5.8个,平均每个位点包含7.2个等位变异。根据DUS测试的需求、引物的染色体分布、PIC值大小和带型特点,将105对引物分为21对核心引物、29对一级备用引物和55对二级备用引物。核心引物分辨力较高,可以完成约80%品系的特异性检测,约95%品系的种子纯度检测和约60%品系的一致性、稳定性检测;备用引物用于确定品系DNA位点纯合率和相似品种(品系)之间的遗传相似系数,以判断DNA指纹相同或相似的品种(品系)之间的相似性和特异性,评价核心标记中具有非纯位点的品系的DNA位点纯合度,同时完成核心引物未能完成的少数品系的种子纯度检测。通过在2006-2007、2007-2008、2008-2009年度对464个冬小麦区试品系DUS测试中的应用,证明105对引物具有很好的代表性和实用性,可以完成90%以上参试品系的DUS检测。  相似文献   

4.
本研究通过分析小麦DUS测试指南中标准品种、测试性状在上海地区的表达差异,评价小麦DUS测试指南在上海的适应性,同时对15个引进品种及9个申请审定的品种在上海的表现进行评价。通过2016-2017年的田间种植试验,用符合系数对标准品种和测试性状在上海地区的性状表现与小麦测试指南中的代码进行了差异性分析,并对性状间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,小麦测试指南中的33个测试性状中有8个性状的符合系数为1,占24.2%,数量性状的表现受环境条件的影响较大,符合系数小于0.9的2个性状都是数量性状;小麦测试指南中的42个标准品种中有21个品种的符合系数为1,其性状表达状态非常稳定。‘矮变1号’的符合系数最低,其次是‘川育6号’、‘济南16号’、‘科麦2号’,其他品种的符合系数均大于0.95。大部分品种可以作为标准品种应用于上海地区的小麦DUS测试。‘植株:高度’与多个性状存在显著相关性,3个蜡质性状间相关程度较高。‘籽粒:大小’与指南中的7个性状显著相关。引进品种在上海地区的表现较好,均具备一致性,亲缘关系较近。待审定品种‘润麦1号’表现优于所有参试品种。  相似文献   

5.
棉花DUS测试标准品种的SSR指纹数据库构建   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  
基于SSR核心引物,采用荧光毛细管电泳检测系统与多重PCR技术相结合,构建我国棉花DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试标准品种的DNA指纹数据库并进行遗传多样性分析。依据多重PCR组合的基本原则与五色荧光检测系统的特点,采用40对核心引物构建了10个4重PCR组合,利用DNA遗传分析仪进行指纹检测与数据采集。40对荧光引物在30份DUS测试标准品种中共扩增产生146个等位变异,每对引物的等位变异数为2~7个不等,平均每对引物产生3.65个等位变异。海7124与陆地棉品种明显划分为2类,来源于新疆的新陆早1号区别于其他陆地棉品种,单独聚为1类。多色荧光检测系统相比常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳具有高精度、高通量、自动化程度高的优点,尤其适用于大规模指纹数据库的构建,提出了通过构建已知品种DNA指纹数据库,将分子标记技术应用于棉花DUS测试的初步设想。  相似文献   

6.
Assessment of wheat variety stability using SSR markers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
In International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants member countries, assessment of wheat variety stability is a statutory requirement before new varieties are registered and plant breeders’ rights are granted. However, it is impossible to test the stability of varieties accurately and quickly, or to assess the stability of a large number of varieties in a short time based on the morphological traits defined by the national standard. The objective of this study was to establish method and procedure of wheat variety stability assessment using SSR markers as a replacement for morphological observations. In preliminary study, the methods to identify non-homozygous SSR loci and calculate the homozygous SSR loci ratio (SSR–HLR) of wheat varieties were established. On this basis, the genotypes at 347 molecular markers loci of 20 advanced lines demonstrated that SSR–HLRs were 84.7–94.8 % in the F4 lines, 96.1–99.4 % in the F5 lines, and ≥98 % in the F6 lines, respectively. Eighty of 347 markers with good polymorphism, stable PCR amplification, and high resolving power of genotyping were recommended to detect SSR–HLR for 633 wheat regional trial varieties. Comparing morphological observation, the varieties with SSR–HLR >95 % were deemed stable; the varieties with SSR–HLR <91 % were deemed unstable; the varieties with SSR–HLR ranging from 91 to 95 % were required field identification for stability assessment. Based on the relationship between the homozygous SSR loci ratio and wheat variety stability, procedures for the assessment of wheat variety stability using SSR markers were established.  相似文献   

7.
[目的] 植物品种特异性(distinctness)、一致性(uniformity)和稳定性(stability) 测试(简称：DUS测试)是品种保护、品种审定、品种登记的必要条件。研制茄子(Solanum melongena L.)品种DUS测试指南旨在为测试和品种权实质审查工作提供科学依据。[方法]以《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 总则》(GB/T19557.1)为总体原则,以国际植物新品种保护联盟颁布的《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 茄子》(TG/117/4)为参考,通过对243份茄子品种的田间试验和多次同行专家修订,完成茄子的DUS测试指南(国家标准报批稿)。[结果]指南确定了42个测试性状及描述方法,筛选出20个标准品种,明确了茄子特判定、一致性和稳定性判定的原则。[结论]指南为我国茄子DUS测试的品种描述和特异性、一致性、稳定性判定提供了技术标准。笔者重点介绍了指南的编制原则和过程、测试性状的选择和标准品种的选用,以及特异性、一致性、稳定性的判定标准。  相似文献   

8.
栽培环境对番茄部分数量性状DUS测试结果的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了探索不同栽培环境对番茄部分数量性状DUS测试结果的影响,选取对30个番茄DUS测试标准品种和2个测试品种及其选定的2个近似品种,进行塑料大棚和露地2种不同的栽培环境对番茄10个数量性状的DUS测试结果影响的研究。结果表明：2种栽培环境对除第一花序着生节位和心室数以外的8个数量性状均存在显著或极显著的影响,导致在部分数量性状代码判别和特异性的判定上存在着差异。通过标准品种数量性状分级标准的校正,可以有效消除因栽培环境不同而造成的影响。  相似文献   

9.
Growing numbers of candidate varieties, decrease of their variability for morphological traits, and internationalization of the national list all contribute to excessive increase of the trial costs, thus creating the need for the improvement of current variety evaluation procedures, especially regards their distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) component. Due to rapid advancement in molecular techniques, the use of molecular markers in DUS testing as a complement to, or replacement of, morphological observations became the subject of great interest in scientific studies, and consequently topic for discussion within International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). In order to explore the potential of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for distinctness tests, present study involved set of 41 maize inbred lines that were scored for 32 DUS characters prescribed by UPOV and genotyped at 28 SSR loci. Results were largely in favor of the use of molecular markers, revealing or confirming their already known advantages over morphological markers like better consistency with the pedigree, and relatively higher discriminative power. However, their integration into DUS testing protocols still depends upon resolving of several important issues.  相似文献   

10.
利用SSR快速鉴定棉花品种真实性和纯度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用SSR分子标记技术对棉花品种真实性和纯度进行分析研究,旨在为棉花品种提供分子鉴定依据。以具有代表性的棉花品种为材料,经过引物初筛和复筛,确定26对均匀分布于棉花染色体上的SSR核心标记。结果表明,26对核心标记在120份材料中筛选得到138个等位位点,其中129个为多态性位点,多态性比率达93.48%。以标准样品为对照,利用26对核心标记对10份棉花常规种进行真实性鉴定,发现仅有源棉6号与标准品种的DNA图谱高度一致,其他9份常规种与标准品种均存在8~18个差异位点,分子鉴定结果与田间鉴定相符。另外分别筛选5对特征引物作为纯度检测标记,采用单位点平均法统计4份常规棉品种检测结果表明,源棉6号纯度最高,为98.0%,源棉1号最低,为90.5%,检测结果与田间纯度鉴定呈现正相关性。研究表明利用SSR标记技术鉴定棉花品种真实性和纯度的方法完全可行。  相似文献   

11.
Genetic maps are useful for analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding. A simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker linkage map of common wheat was constructed based on recombination inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Chinese Spring and spelt wheat. The map included 264 loci on all wheat chromosomes covering 2,345.2 cM with 962, 794.6, and 588.6 cM for the A, B, and D genomes, respectively. Using the RILs and the map, we detected 42 putative QTLs on 15 chromosomes for ear length, spikelet number, spike compactness, kernel length, kernel width, kernel height and β-glucan content. Each QTL explained 4–45% of the phenotypic variation. Five QTL cluster regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 5AL, 2B, 2D, and 4D. The first QTLs for β-glucan content in wheat were identified on chromosomes 3A, 1B, 5B, and 6D.  相似文献   

12.
为了优化亚麻DUS测试技术,为亚麻新品种DUS测试提供更为科学的依据。以30份亚麻测试品种为试验材料,利用亚麻DUS测试指南中的19个性状对其进行多样性分析。结果表明：19个测试性状在30份亚麻测试品种中检测到62个等位变异,平均每个性状3.2632个,平均有效等位变异数目为2.3716 (1.2195~5.2941)个;Shannon's多样性指数平均为0.8720,变幅为0.2449~1.7160。UPGMA聚类分析显示,30份亚麻材料分为3个组群,组群Ⅰ和组群Ⅱ主要为油用品种,组群Ш主要是纤维用品种。植株的高度与工艺长度呈极显著正相关,植株的单株蒴果数与分枝数呈极显著正相关。植株的高度与单株蒴果数呈极显著负相关。因此建议删除植株的工艺长度和单株分枝数两个性状,植株的高度和单株分枝数可以有效区分品种。  相似文献   

13.
海南不同季节对水稻新品种DUS测试性状表达的效应分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为了探究海南不同季节对水稻新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性（简称DUS）测试性状表达的影响效应,为优化海南水稻DUS测试的操作规程提供参考,为海南水稻新品种DUS测试技术的完善提供实践经验与理论支撑,根据水稻植物新品种DUS测试指南,按照相关原理和技术规则,通过对4份水稻材料进行4个独立的生长周期的测试,研究其相关性状的表达与季节及年度间的效应,结果表明：除穗芒外,不同季节的4个独立测试周期中,质量性状观测结果稳定一致;14个假质量性状的表达结果不影响对申请品种的DUS判定;10个量测性数量性状在方差分析中出现显著性差异,但是申请品种与近似品种的变化和差异保持相对不变,不影响其DUS的判定结论;17个目测数量性状的表达无显著差异。因此,在海南进行不同季节的水稻测试对其DUS的判定无显著影响,可考虑多点多季节测试,加快水稻实质审查的进程。  相似文献   

14.
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15.
棉花品种遗传纯度的SSR分子标记鉴定技术研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  
为建立适合于SSR标记的棉花品种纯度鉴定方法,利用78个SSR标记对12个棉花常规品种进行标记基因型分析.通过比较不同品种不同单株标记基因型,发现棉花品种的非纯SSR位点存在3种主要类型.通过综合分析非纯SSR位点率和异型单株率对品种遗传纯度的影响,建立了利用SSR标记在分子水平上鉴定棉花品种纯度的方法.利用该方法鉴定的12个棉花品种中有3个品种(C5、C9和Cll)的遗传纯度在98％以上,非纯SSR位点和异型株均较高的2个品种(C3和C6)遗传纯度分别为67.31％和31.79％,该方法弥补了以往分子纯度计算方法中只考虑单株混杂、不考虑SSR位点混杂的缺陷,可比较客观地反映品种的遗传纯度状况.  相似文献   

16.
小白菜品种的SSR指纹图谱及遗传特异性分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
为研制我国小白菜品种的DUS测试标准,搜集和筛选了形态差异大、不同生态类型的地方品种和目前生产上栽培面积大的杂交一代品种80份,在植物学性状调查的基础上,利用SSR标记对80份小白菜品种进行了遗传特异性分析,构建了SSR指纹图谱.从131对SSR引物中筛选了20对多态引物组合,对80个品种进行了分析,共检测出56个多态性条带,多态性比率73.68%,平均每对引物组合产生2.8个多态性条带.用5对引物Na12E02、Na12A08、Ni4D09、BRMS-269和BRMS-296的组合获得了每个品种的SSR特征带,可以将80个品种区分开来,从而建立80份小白菜品种的SSR指纹图谱.基于SSR标记的聚类分析表明,形态相似或来源相同的品种遗传基础相近,以遗传距离为0.36为划分标准,87.50%的品种具有遗传特异性.  相似文献   

17.
The European Union Common Catalogue (EUCC) for potato contains over 1000 varieties. Each year member states add varieties to the list after they have undergone Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing according to international guidelines. A rapid and robust method for variety identification to aid the management and maintenance of existing variety collections and for the screening of new candidate varieties would therefore be a highly useful tool for DUS testing stations. A database containing key morphological characteristics and microsatellite data was constructed for varieties on the 2006 list of the EUCC for potato. Rules for scoring SSR markers in different laboratories were established to allow a harmonized scoring of markers. Almost all varieties (99.5%) were shown to have unique molecular profiles and in pair wise comparisons 99.99% of all variety pairs could be distinguished. This clearly shows the versatility of the markers and database for identifying potato samples.  相似文献   

18.
Twelve field experiments comparing 24 durum wheat varieties from three periods—old (<1945), intermediate (1950–1985) and modern (1988–2000)—were carried out in order to ascertain the advances made in durum wheat yield components and related traits in Italian and Spanish germplasm. Grain yield improvements were based on linear increases in the number of grains per m2 and harvest index, while grain weight and biomass remained unchanged. Yield per plant increased at a rate of 0.36 and 0.44% y−1 and the number of grains per m2 improved by 39% and 55% in Italian and Spanish varieties, respectively. The mean rate of increase in the number of grains per m2 was 0.55% y−1. Plants per m2, spikes per plant and grains per spike contributed 20%, 29% and 51%, respectively, to the increase in the number of grains per m2. The enhance of the number of grains per m2 was due to the greater grain set in the modern varieties, since the number of spikelets per spike remained unchanged. Harvest index increased overall by 0.48% y−1 (0.40 and 0.53% y−1 in Italian and Spanish varieties, respectively). Plant height was the trait that suffered the most dramatic changes (it decreased at a rate of −0.81% y−1, with little difference between the varieties of the two countries), as consequence of the presence of the Rht-B1 dwarfing gene. Harvest index and plant height, which were the traits that most contributed to discriminating between periods, remained unchanged from 1980 to 2000. The higher rates of improvement in Spain are discussed in the context of the contrasting strategies followed to improve durum wheat yield in the two countries.  相似文献   

19.
新疆加工番茄品种遗传多样性的SSR分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
选用已筛选出带型稳定的44对SSR引物,对新疆主栽以及美国引进的加工番茄品种进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明：在24个品种间共扩增了283个等位基因,每对引物的等位基因数变化范围在2~17之间,平均为4.422个;有效等位基因为189.638,平均为4.310;每个SSR位点的多态性信息量变化范围为0.140~0.915,平均为0.662;基因型多样性变化范围为0.325~2.620,平均值为1.438;24个品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.715~0.924,平均值为0.820,且95%的供试品种其遗传相似系数在0.715~0.800之间,亲缘关系较近。以遗传相似系数为原始数据,按UPGMA方法将供试品种划分为4大类群,结合系谱分析结果表明,新疆的加工番茄品种遗传多样不够丰富,多数品种间的亲缘关系较近,欲进一步提高新疆加工番茄的产量及品质性状还需拓宽亲本选择范围,扩大遗传背景。  相似文献   

20.
利用SSR标记区别小麦品种种子混杂和SSR位点不纯的研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  
在用SSR标记检测小麦种子纯度时,种子混杂和SSR位点不纯都会造成株间SSR带型的差异,本文提出了SSR位点不纯的概念,并分析了存在这一现象的原因,指出这一现象普遍存在于小麦品种中。为此在检测小麦种子纯度时,需要注意区别种子混杂和SSR位点不纯,以免将SSR位点不纯造成的株间带型差异误认为是种子混杂,其原则是:(1)必须进行多个SSR位点的检测;(2)某单株的多个SSR位点的带型与被检测品种不同,可确认为混杂植株;(3)剔除混杂植株后,某单株的个别SSR位点的带型与被检测品种不同,将被认为是SSR位点不纯所致。  相似文献   

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