共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
为解析渍涝对花生根系形态特征的影响,以耐性品种湘花2008与敏感品种中花4号根系为研究材料,在自制根架系统内进行盆栽培养,于幼苗期分别进行0、3、6、9、12 d渍涝胁迫处理,通过根系的鲜（干）重以及显微和超微结构研究不同耐性花生品种根系形态特征的差异。结果表明,渍涝胁迫下中花4号根系受影响较大,随着淹水天数延长,根系颜色加深,臭味加重,而湘花2008仅根系中、上部根色变黄,臭味较轻,湘花2008根系鲜重耐渍系数高于中花4号。湘花2008出现了通气组织,且随着淹水时间增加,通气组织数量增加、横截面积加大;主根中段木质部基本保持正常,导管大体呈射线状分布。而中花4号未形成明显的通气组织,木质部和导管呈不规则分布。湘花2008主根细胞内的细胞核、线粒体虽受到影响,但仍能维持细胞活动,保持根系生长状态。中花4号细胞器受渍涝胁迫较敏感,加速衰老死亡。综上认为,渍涝胁迫下湘花2008根色和根味受影响较小,主根出现了通气组织,主根中段木质部与细胞中的细胞核、线粒体基本正常。而中花4号根色和根味受影响较重,未形成明显的通气组织,主根中段木质部和导管呈不规则分布,主根中段细胞中的细胞质溶解,线粒体异常... 相似文献
2.
不同淹水时间对分蘖期中稻生育动态及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过盆栽定植试验,研究了中稻(徽两优6号、两优1128)在分蘖末期受不同淹水时间胁迫后生长发育和生理特性的动态变化,并同时考察了其产量结构。结果表明,淹水胁迫下,两个品种水稻生育期推迟,始穗到齐穗历时增加,且随淹水时间的增加而延长;淹水后短期内植株株高降低,但成熟前7 d时淹水2 d、4 d的处理株高反而略高于对照;植株绿叶数、绿叶面积、根长、根表面积、根体积、根系活力和相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)均随淹水胁迫加重而显著减少(淹水2 d处理植株根系活力升高);但经过恢复生长,淹水胁迫后20 d,各淹水处理SPAD值已和对照非常接近,并且一直保持到成熟前7 d,其他各指标数值在轻度淹水胁迫(淹水2 d和4 d)下和对照接近而无显著差异,重度淹水胁迫(淹水6 d、8 d和12 d)下和对照差距缩小,成熟前7 d,由于淹水胁迫早衰严重而差距重新拉大;两个水稻品种减产幅度均随淹水时间的延长而加剧,淹水6 d处理的产量已经降至对照的50%左右,产量下降的原因是总粒数减少、空秕粒数增加和结实率降低等因素综合作用的结果。 相似文献
3.
为了明确花后干旱胁迫下内源激素乙烯对小麦胚乳细胞程序性死亡的调控作用,选用新疆冬小麦主栽品种新冬18号为参试材料,在花后干旱条件下对小麦穗部喷施硝酸钴（乙烯合成抑制剂）,通过Evans Blue染色观察了小麦胚乳细胞活力变化,通过DPAI染色、超微结构观察和细胞核计数探究了小麦胚乳细胞核形态和数量变化,利用聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳检测基因组DNA的完整性,同时测定核酸水解酶的活性及乙烯受体基因的相对表达量。结果表明,相比对照,喷施硝酸钴使小麦胚乳细胞生活力提高,细胞核衰退速度减缓,胚乳细胞数目增加,基因组DNA片段化峰值时间推后,核酸水解酶活性下降,乙烯受体基因表达量上调,千粒重增加,说明抑制乙烯可延缓小麦胚乳细胞程序性死亡进程,从而缓解花后干旱胁迫对小麦灌浆带来的危害。 相似文献
4.
全球气候变暖背景下低温逆境是限制小麦稳产丰产与优质的主要农业气象灾害之一。低温胁迫导致细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)代谢失衡,高浓度的活性氧会引起蛋白质、膜脂、DNA及其他细胞组分的氧化损伤甚至导致细胞死亡,从而对植株叶片的光合作用、穗部小花发育和根系生理等产生抑制作用,最终导致小麦产量下降。本文系统阐述了ROS的产生、功能与清除,从小麦叶片生理、穗部发育与根系生理等方面总结了低温胁迫下ROS对小麦生长发育的影响,并对未来的研究进行展望,以期为我国小麦生产上防灾减灾和提质增效提供理论支撑。 相似文献
5.
为了明确增塑剂与细胞程序性死亡(PCD)的关系,用邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂处理小麦种子,研究增塑剂对小麦种子萌发过程中细胞程序性死亡相关指标的影响,并对增塑剂诱导细胞程序性死亡的生理生化和分子机制进行了初步探讨.结果表明,增塑剂对小麦种子萌发率有显著影响,能够抑制小麦种子萌发.增塑剂处理后小麦种子萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降,同时实验后期抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性也有类似的趋势.经DNA ladder实验证明,高浓度增塑剂处理能够引发小麦种子细胞程序性死亡.其原因可能与增塑剂促进gr、dhar以及vpe、metacaspase基因的表达有关,且随着增塑剂浓度的不断增大,各基因相对表达量变化趋势基本一致. 相似文献
6.
芽期耐低温淹水的水稻种质的评价与筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《杂交水稻》2015,(4):54-58
通过对种芽进行10 d低温(5℃)淹水(5 cm深)胁迫处理,根据种子成苗率和幼苗生长指标的变化,评价了204份水稻育种材料的耐低温淹水特性。结果表明,低温淹水胁迫处理后,有36份材料能够不同程度成苗,其中14份材料的成苗率胁迫系数达到1;与正常条件下发芽的对照相比,低温淹水胁迫处理的成苗率、根长、根数、苗高、株鲜重、地上部鲜重和根鲜重均显著下降,且各性状基因型差异扩大;成苗率胁迫系数和各幼苗生长指标的胁迫系数之间密切相关;采用隶属函数法对36份成苗的水稻材料的耐低温淹水性进行了综合评价,筛选出了5份耐低温淹水能力突出的水稻种质。 相似文献
7.
乙烯利诱导水稻根内通气组织形成的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以扬稻6号（Oryza sativa L.）幼苗为材料,研究乙烯利对根内组成型通气组织形成的影响。结果表明,随营养液中乙烯利浓度的增高,中皮层部位细胞解体形成通气空腔数增多,超氧化物歧化酶的活性呈下降趋势;以正常生长的水稻根系为对照,100 mg/L乙烯利处理后根尖10 mm和距根尖10 mm以上部位的木葡聚糖转葡糖苷酶（XET）基因表达量均显著高于对照相应部位,XET基因的积累与通气组织形成具有一致性;对处理与对照根尖10 mm部位超微结构比较发现,乙烯利处理后根系皮层细胞发生死亡解体的时间早,在距离根尖4 mm处多数细胞内核已解体消亡,细胞壁周围可见较多的高尔基体、线粒体和膜包裹的空泡等。 相似文献
8.
外源二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠对花期淹水大豆根系抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)对淹水胁迫下大豆根系抗氧化系统的调控作用,以耐涝性大豆品种南农1138-2和敏感性品种徐豆18为材料,通过盆栽试验,调查DDTC对花期短期(8d)淹水胁迫下大豆根系抗氧化系统的影响。结果发现:淹水胁迫下,与徐豆18相比南农1138-2根系干质量下降幅度、膜脂过氧化程度和活性氧(R OS)水平更小;同时抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(A PX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(G R)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(D HAR)活性以及还原型抗坏血酸(A sA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(G SH)含量增加幅度更大,表明南农1138-2在淹水胁迫下根系抗氧化能力更强。预喷施DDTC(在大豆初花期(R 1)叶面喷施15mmol L-1DDTC,喷施1d后进行淹水胁迫8d)能进一步提高两品种根系中过氧化物酶(POD)、 APX、DHAR和GR活性、AsA含量和AsA/DHA比值,显著降低根系ROS水平和膜脂过氧化,增加根系干重,表明DDTC通过调节抗氧化系统中抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂含量提高了根系活性氧清除能力。 相似文献
9.
10.
淹水对糯玉米耐涝性差异近等基因系生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以耐涝性不同的Zz-R和Zz-S为试材,采用盆栽淹水试验,研究淹水胁迫下玉米生理指标的差异。结果表明,淹水胁迫下,耐涝系Zz-R超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性与对照相比有所增加,且Zz-R增加幅度大于Zz-S。随着淹水时间的延长,Zz-R与对照相比仍表现为增加趋势;淹水胁迫8 d时,Zz-S与对照相比有所下降。淹水胁迫下,Zz-R和Zz-S的MDA含量均高于对照,且Zz-S增加幅度大于Zz-R;Zz-R和Zz-S的脯氨酸含量也显著高于对照,且Zz-R增加幅度大于Zz-S。近等基因系间耐涝性的差异与其抵御活性氧自由基(ROS)损伤能力的强弱、渗透调节能力的强弱有直接关系。 相似文献
11.
Katsuhiro Shiono Masato Ejiri Kana Shimizu Sumiyo Yamada 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):285-295
ABSTRACT Root growth into hypoxic or anoxic waterlogged soil relies on internal aeration in plants. The plant hormone ethylene helps adapt to waterlogging by inducing the formation of aerenchyma, which provides a low-resistance pathway for the transport of oxygen from the shoot to the root apex. Waterlogging-susceptible crops including barley start to form aerenchyma after suffering waterlogging stress. But waterlogging can be fatal if aerenchyma formation is not fast enough. Here, we investigated whether pre-treating barley with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing agrochemical, could improve its tolerance to mimicked waterlogging conditions (using stagnant deoxygenated agar nutrient solution). In barley growing in aerated nutrient solution, ethephon treatment enhanced aerenchyma formation at the root tips and induced the development of shorter and shallower roots. Pre-treating barley leaves also delayed waterlogging-caused whiting and increased the percentages of viable root-tips under waterlogging conditions. However, the pretreatment did not noticeably increase fresh weight or shoot length. Further studies are needed to optimize ethephon treatment conditions to improve barley production under waterlogged conditions. 相似文献
12.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):164-173
AbstractMorphological adaptation of roots is critical for plants to survive under waterlogging. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of wheat to form aerenchyma in seminal roots in combination with the growth angle of the roots. We used five Japanese cultivars from the waterlogging-prone Kanto-Kyushu region in Japan, and a non-Japanese cultivar, Bobwhite for comparison. Seedlings in pot culture were waterlogged at a 3-cm depth for 7 days. The first adverse effect of waterlogging on plant growth was a significant reduction of root dry mass. The reduction rate varied with the cultivar, and it was 19.2% in cv. Shiroganekomugi and 40.0% in cv. Norin 61. Root aerenchyma was initially observed on the 2nd day of waterlogging and developed until the 7th day, in all 6 cultivars. Quantitative analysis of the aerenchyma development revealed no significant difference in radial distribution among the cultivars, whereas a slight difference was found in the axial distribution. As a consequence, the heavier root weight of Shiroganekomugi was not related to either the radial or axial developing capacity of aerenchyma but might be due to the effect of its shallow root angle in the soil. These results suggest that the capacity to form aerenchyma in the seminal root is not sufficient for expression of waterlogging tolerance in the Japanese wheat cultivars. 相似文献
13.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):457-465
AbstractDrought and waterlogging that occur sequentially under field conditions are important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. The ability to maintain the root system development during the contrasting moisture stresses may be one of the key traits for plant adaptation. This study aimed to identify the key root traits that contributed to the above ability by comparatively examining the effects of the two moisture stresses in succession on root system development. The chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from the crosses between the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare and indica rice cultivar Kasalath were used for precise comparison of root system development. The rice seedlings were grown by hydroponics under a continuously well-aerated condition for 14 days (non-stressed), a drought condition for 7 days followed by an oxygen (O2)-deficient (stagnant) condition for 7 days (drought-to-stagnant, D-S), or a stagnant condition for 7 days followed by drought condition for 7 days (stagnant-to-drought, S-D). CSSL43 and 47 did not show any significant differences in growth from Nipponbare under the non-stressed condition, but exhibited greater lateral root production under the stresses. Lateral root production was most closely related to faster seminal root elongation mediated by higher aerenchyma formation in the D-S condition, and to more branching of lateral roots on the seminal root axis in the S-D condition. The D-S condition severely affected lateral root production due to reduced seminal root elongation and aerenchyma formation. These results confirmed the fact that those root traits previously identified using different cultivars greatly contribute to plant adaptation. Oxygen deficiency preceded by drought (D-S) was more stressful to roots than drought preceded by O2 deficiency (S-D), because drought reduced root aerenchyma formation during the subsequent stagnant condition. 相似文献
14.
Effects of Ethephon on Aerenchyma Formation in Rice Roots 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of ethephon on the constitutive aerenchyma formation in roots were studied with a rice variety Yangdao 6 as material. The number of air spaces formed by disintegrated cells in mediopellis increased significantly with the rising ethephon concentrations, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed downward trends. Compared with the control, the expression levels of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) gene were markedly higher both at the apical 10 mm and distal parts of roots in 100 mg/L ethephon treated plants. The accumulation of XET was supposed to be associated with the aerenchyma development. Furthermore, earlier cortical cell death was observed under the ethephon treatments, and most of nuclei of cells at 4 mm from the root apex disintegrated with many Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and membrane- bound vesicles around the cell wall. 相似文献
15.
Seeds of Panicum miliaceum, Panicum sumatrense, Setaria glauca, and Setaria italica were raised in polyvinylchloride tubes filled with soil to determine interspecific differences in waterlogging tolerance and the effect of pre- and post-heading waterlogging on growth and grain yield. Four treatments were conducted including control (no-waterlogging stress during growth). Pre-heading waterlogging treatment was initiated 17 days after sowing to heading (TC). Post-heading waterlogging treatment was initiated heading till harvest (CT). Waterlogging treatment was initiated 17 days after sowing to harvesting (TT). The grain yield of P. miliaceum, S. glauca, and S. italica decreased 16, 18, and 4%, while that of P. sumatrense increased 210% under TT treatment and this showed P. sumatrense had most waterlogging tolerance. The grain yield was more affected under TC treatment in S. italica and P. miliaceum. However, there was not significant differences the grain yield between TC and CT treatment in P. sumatrense and S. glauca. Total dry weight, total root dry weight, number of crown root, and the proportion of lysigenous aerenchyma of P. sumatrense were significantly higher than those of other millets at harvesting. Plant growth rate, total root dry weight, number of crown root, and the proportion of lysigenous aerenchyma of P. sumatrense were significantly higher than those of other millets at heading. These results suggest that P. sumatrense exhibits waterlogging tolerance by enhancing root growth characterized by a high proportion of lysigenous aerenchyma in the crown root. 相似文献
16.
渍水胁迫对苗期油菜根系形态与生理活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
盆栽条件下研究连续渍水胁迫对2个油菜品种中双9号和中油杂12号苗期根系形态及生理活性的影响。结果表明,渍水处理初期(前5d)两个油菜品种根系超氧自由基阴离子（O2.-）产生速率均较对照显著提高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较对照显著升高,活性氧累积引起的细胞膜脂过氧化程度（MDA含量）变化不显著,根系生物量及形态参数未发生显著变化。但随着渍水时间延长至5d后,根系O2.-产生速率继续加快而SOD和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著降低,细胞膜脂过氧化程度（MDA含量）显著提高;根系组织坏死严重,根生物量显著降低;根系形态发生显著变化,根表面积、根体积、主根长和总根长显著降低,平均根直径显著增加,须根数量明显减少。 相似文献
17.
为探明冬小麦幼苗期初生根形态的差异,采用室内发芽试验比较31个冬小麦品种(系)的初生根数、根粗、根长的动态变化。结果表明,从种子中伸出的初生根数在发芽后6d确定。初生根数在不同品种(系)间有很大差异,最多为6.2条·株-1,最少为3.6条·株-1;发芽后初生根基部根粗因熟化相对变细,不同品种(系)间根粗差异明显,根基部直径最大为0.33mm、最小为0.19mm;初生根总长度差异明显,最长为57.0cm·株-1,最短为34.8cm·株-1;单条初生根长最长为10.3cm,最短为7.1cm(以上均为发芽15d的值)。聚类分析将31个冬小麦品种(系)分为三组:根数少、根长而粗;根数多、根长而细;根数多、根短而粗。节水高产品种石家庄8号属于根数多、根长细组。发芽试验的初生根系性状参数可作为品种选择的参考指标。 相似文献
18.
冬小麦根系对不同生育时期渍水胁迫的生物学响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究不同生育时期渍水逆境对北方地区生态条件下冬小麦根系及地上部生长发育的影响,进行了人工模拟小麦渍水试验。结果表明,各生育时期渍水均能使小麦上位次生根数量有所增加,根系POD活性在小麦生育前期也会因渍水而有所提高。但小麦根系总重、根系活力、根系SOD活性、单株绿叶面积、叶片氮、磷及叶绿素含量均因渍水而明显降低,根细胞过氧化产物MDA含量成倍增长。苗期、返青期、拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期渍水20d分别导致小麦产量降低5.2%、20.8%、43.1%、61.8%和68.3%。 相似文献