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小美牛肝菌的营养成分研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对小美牛肝菌( Boletusspeciosus) 营养成分进行分析测定, 结果表明, 小美牛肝菌含有丰富的营养:蛋白质32-79% , 脂肪3-55 % , 碳水化合物10-7 % , 粗纤维6-9% , 灰分8-91 % , 每 100g 干重中, 维生素B20-183mg, 钾789mg, 钠103mg, 钙358mg, 镁125mg, 磷516mg, 铁为728mg/kg, 锌238mg/kg。同时测定了蛋白质中的氨基酸组成和脂肪中的脂肪酸组成。 相似文献
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《中国食用菌》2020,(4)
探讨白牛肝菌(Boletus griseus)多糖对力竭运动大鼠Na~+/K~+-ATP酶、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性的影响。30只大鼠,分为安静组、运动组、运动给药组,每组10只。运动给药组大鼠每天灌服牛肝菌多糖溶液,剂量为50mg·kg~(-1)d~(-1)。安静组不运动,其他2组大鼠进行隔天1次的力竭游泳运动。测定大鼠体质量、末次力竭运动时间、骨骼肌组Na~+/K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP活性。结果发现,与安静组相比,运动组、运动给药组体质量、Na~+/K~+-ATP、Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP活性均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与运动组相比,运动给药组体质量、力竭游泳时间、Na~+/K~+-ATP和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP活性均升高(P0.05)。白牛肝菌多糖能提高ATP酶的活性,维持细胞膜内外离子的正常分布,同时促进机体生长发育,提升其的运动能力。 相似文献
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研究杏鲍菇冻干粉对机体运动的健康调节作用。介绍了鲜杏鲍菇制备杏鲍菇冻干粉工艺,利用大鼠建立非健康模型进行分组试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,高剂量、中剂量试验组大鼠的体重、Lee’s指数和体脂百分数显著降低(P<0.05);高、中、低剂量3个试验组大鼠血清中的LDL-C、TG、TC、TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05);SOD、CAT水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结合大鼠跑台运动的共同作用,杏鲍菇冻干粉中的生物活性肽等物质,能够控制大鼠运动机体的体重、体脂等指标;具有降低运动机体血脂、血糖指标的作用。分析原因可能是杏鲍菇冻干粉中的生物活性肽等物质的作用。 相似文献
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云南野生食用牛肝菌营养成分分析及评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对盛产于云南的4种野生食用牛肝菌,采用国内外公认的标准方法、进行蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、热能、膳食纤维、水分、无机元素、维生素等全营养成分分析及评价,并对不同的烹调加工方法对保存维生素B1、B2的影响进行深入研究。结果表明：4种野生食用牛肝菌主要营养成分含量丰富,具有高优质蛋白质、低脂肪、低热量的特点,其中以小美牛肝菌中蛋白质营养价值最高。无机元素中含钾丰富,铁、锌也较多,但钙含量极低。维生素中以维生素B2含量最丰富,其中美味牛肝菌维生素B2含量最高,是铜色牛肝菌的3．5倍,和已知含维生素B2最丰富的动物肝脏相接近,但几乎不含维生素C及胡萝卜素。云南民间传统的急火快炒烹调加工方法对维生素B1,B2的破坏明显低于罐头加工方法。研究结果为科学、合理地开发利用云南丰富的野生食用牛肝菌资源提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《食用菌学报》2017,(4)
42d龄SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠适应培养4d,再经每天30min初步运动训练3d后,选取活跃大鼠50只,分为5组,分别为空白对照组(C组,安静饲养)、心肌损伤模型组(M组,游泳训练)、低剂量组[LMⅠ组,游泳训练+灌胃0.25g/kg·d樟芝(Taiwanofungus camphoratus)总三萜]、中剂量组(LMⅡ组,游泳训练+灌胃0.5g/kg·d樟芝总三萜)和高剂量组(LMⅢ组,游泳训练+灌胃1.5g/kg·d樟芝总三萜),6周后测定各组大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CTNK)、a-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)、内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平,以及心肌中肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、ET和CGRP水平,以研究樟芝总三萜对长期运动训练导致大鼠心肌损伤的影响。结果表明:与空白对照组相比较,心肌损伤模型组大鼠血清中ALT、LDH、CK、a-HBDH和ET水平,心肌中cTnⅠ、MDA和ET水平,均显著升高,而血清与心肌中CGRP水平和心肌SOD活性显著降低;与心肌损伤模型组相比,各剂量组大鼠血清中ALT、LDH、CK、a-HBDH和ET水平,心肌中cTnⅠ、MDA和ET水平,均显著降低,而心肌SOD活性显著升高,血清和心肌中CGRP水平则变化不显著。实验结果表明,给予长期运动训练大鼠适当补给樟芝总三萜能够提高大鼠机体抗氧化能力,能够清除机体多余自由基,对大鼠心肌损伤具有保护作用。 相似文献
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ZHOU Cheng-fu NIU De-gang QIAO Xiao-feng WANG Shu-qiu MA Xiao-ru LIU Yue-xia 《园艺学报》2009,25(9):1762-1767
AIM: To observe the expression of apoptosis regulating proteins Bcl-2, Bax and the changes of cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP), motion evoked potential (MEP) after acute spinal cord injury, and to explore the relationship between them. METHODS: Fifty six Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. Six groups were divided as acute spinal cord injury model, the other group was used as control. CSEP and MEP were monitored after 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The spinal cord was taken and then HE staining and immunohistochemistry methods were used to study the pathology changes and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS: The peak of CSEP and MEP showed a immediate drop or disappear, and then partially raised at 6 h, declined again at 12 h and partially raised at 24 h, and then raised obviously at 48 h, the peak still lower than normal at 72 h. Changes of the peak value showed a double posture of decreased-raised- declined again and raised again. The incubation period of peaks extended corresponding to the different degrees. There was a weak positive expression of Bcl-2 and Bax at 6 h after injury. By 24 h after injury, the positive expression of Bcl-2 was maximal and the positive expression of Bax was maximal at 12 h after injury. CONCLUSION: The changes of CSEP and MEP have a very closely correlation to the degree of spinal cord injury. CSEP and MEP may serve as electrophysiological indicators to judge the motor function and the prognosis after acute spinal cord injury. 相似文献
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YE Yong-xian LIN Hong SHA Mo LI Zhao-sheng WU Lei FENG Wen-long CHEN Zhi-biao DING Zhen-qi 《园艺学报》2014,30(4):598-602
AIM: To observe the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NR2B) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the spinal cord in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. METHODS: Fifty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180~220 g were randomly divided into sham group (n=8) and CCI group (n=48). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) of the hind paws were measured 1 d before CCI and 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after surgery. The L4~L6 segment of the spinal cord was taken for determining the expression of NF-κB, NR2B and iNOS by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: At 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after surgery, the MWT and PWL in CCI group were obviously lower than those in sham group. The expression of NF-κB, NR2B and iNOS at mRNA and protein levels increased significantly. Positive correlations were found between the mRNA expression of NF-κB and iNOS (r=0.842, P<0.05), and between the mRNA expression of NR2B and iNOS (r=0.833, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The generation and maintenance of hyperalgesia in sciatic nerve injury rats may attribute to the activation of NF-κB and NR2B and concomitant increase in iNOS. 相似文献
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AIM: To observe the effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A heavy chain (BoNT/A HC) on the pattern of spinal protein expression by intrathecal injection after spinal cord injury in rats, and to explore the role of BoNT/A HC intervention in spinal protein expression and some of its mechanisms in nerve regeneration after injury. METHODS: The model of unilateral lumbar spinal cord injury was established. The effects of BoNT/A HC intervention at different doses (2 μg, 4 μg, 6 μg and 8 μg) on the general pattern of protein expression in the spinal cord tissues at the injury site and the cranial part adjacent to the injury site was measured and evaluated by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie brilliant blue staining first, and then by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: The histological structure of the ipsilateral side of lumbar spinal cord showed obvious destruction and degradation, mainly affecting both gray and white matter of the left side of the cord. The result of SDS-PAGE with Coomassie brilliant blue staining from injured spinal cord tissue displayed that the expression of some proteins after one-time BoNT/A HC treatment appeared obviously different from that without BoNT/A HC treatment. Moreover, the pattern of the protein expression affected by BoNT/A HC was similar to that of the normal spinal cord. The more detail information from two-dimensional SDS-PAGE indicated that more than 10 proteins with different molecular weight and isoelectronic points were differentially expressed at day 2 and day 20 after local injection of 6 μg BoNT/A HC. This altered expression actually appeared a tendency toward the pattern shown in normal group. CONCLUSION: The immediate application of BoNT/A HC at the injury site after unilateral lumbar spinal cord injury is able to affect the pattern of local protein expression. The altered protein expression by injury could be reversed back to normal or approximately normal by local BoNT/A HC administration. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in bupivacaine (B)-induced spinal cord injury in diabetic (D) rats.METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180~220 g, were divided into normal rats and diabetic rats. After intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin for building diabetic rat mo-del, 48 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group as following:control (C) group (normal rats by intrathecal injection of normal saline), D group (diabetic rats by intrathecal injection of normal saline), C+B group (normal rats by intrathecal injection of bupivacaine), D+B group (diabetic rats by intrathecal injection of bupivacaine), D+R1+B group (diabetic rats by intrathecal injection of 10 μmol/L Ru360 and bupivacaine) and D+R2+B group (diabetic rats by intrathecal injection of 50 μmol/L Ru360 and bupivacaine). The changes of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were measured before modeling, after modeling, and 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after intrathecal injection. Lumbar enlargement was removed from spinal cord after rats were killed. MCU expression was tested by RT-qPCR and Western bolt. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined by ELISA. Spinal neuronal apoptosis was measured using TUNEL assay.RESULTS: Compared with D group, the expression of MCU, the values of PWMT and PWTL, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG, and the apoptotic rate of spinal cord neurons were significantly increased in D+B group (P<0.05). Compared with D+B group, the expression of MCU, the values of PWMT and PWTL, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG, and the apoptotic rate of spinal cord neurons were significantly decreased in D+R2+B group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Bupivacaine enhances oxidative stress and aggravates spinal cord injury via up-regulating MCU activity in diabetic rats. 相似文献
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AIM: To observe the effect of acupotome and electro-acupuncture on pain threshold and neurotransmitters of central nervous system in rats with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Eighty SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: control group, model group, acupotome group and electro-acupuncture group. The caroid (4%) and cysteine (0.3 mol/L) were mixed at 1∶1 for 0.5 h and 20 μL mixture was administered by injection to the left knee joint ca vity of the rats on the 1 d, 4 d and 7 d respectively before the models were created. Four weeks later the rats in acupotome group and electro-acupuncture group were subject to apply the therapy of acupotome or electro-acupuncture for successive 3 weeks. Photoradiation was adopted to detect the pain tolerance threshold in the animals. The knee joints were stained with HE method. The contents of 5-HT, NE and DA were detected in different sites of the midbrain, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, hippocampus and spinal cord with ELISA. RESULTS: The pain tolerance threshold of the rats with knee osteoarthritis significantly decreased as compared to that of the animals in control group (P< 0.01). The pain tolerance threshold of the rats in acupotome group and electro-acupuncture group markedly increased after the first three week therapy as compared to that in model groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The results showed that the therapy of acupotome or electro-acupuncture greatly alleviated the pathological tissue injury caused by knee osteoarthritis. The therapy of acupotome or electro-acupuncture also regulated the synthesis and metabolism of 5-HT in the mid-brain, hypothalamus, hippocampus and spinal cord, the synthesis and metabolism of NA in the spinal cord, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata, and regulated the synthesis and metabolism of DA in the mid-brain. CONCLUSION: The therapy of acupotome or electro-acupuncture can regulate the pain threshold, histomorphology and the content of monoamine- neurotransmitters in rats with knee osteoarthritis, indicating that the two methods relieve the injury of the articular cartilage, and extenuate pain triggered by knee osteoarthritis cartilage by regulation of the synthesis and metabolism of 5-HT and catecholamine. 相似文献
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WANG Ya-li DU Ruo-chen GAO Yuan-tao LI Xiao LI Cheng-gang YUAN Yi-tong WANG Fei TIAN Feng LI Peng-fei WANG Chun-fang 《园艺学报》2020,36(3):461-467
AIM: To explore whether the high risk of depression caused by spinal cord injury is related to structural changes of hippocampus. METHODS: Mouse spinal cord injury model was established. The Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) was used to evaluate the postoperative motor function of mice at different periods after injury. The depression of mice was evaluated by behavior experiment. The morphological changes of cells in hippocampal tissue were observed by HE staining. The structural changes of hippocampal subcellular synapses were observed by electron microscopy. RT-qPCR was used to detect the changes of synaptic protein markers synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) at the mRNA level. RESULTS: The mice had significant depressive behaviors in model group, and the depression degree was the most serious on the 7th day (P <0.01). Compared with control group, the arrangement of hippocampal cells was disordered, the cell number was decreased, and the shape was irregular in model group. Compared with control group, the observation results of electron microscopy showed that the number of synapses in the hippocampal ultrastructure was decreased, the length of synaptic activity zone was shortened, the thickness of postsynaptic density was thinned, the width of synaptic gap was increased, and the curvature of synaptic interface was decreased in the model group (P <0.05). The mRNA expression levels of SYP and PSD-95 in model group were lower than those in control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The change of hippocampal structure is one of the important reasons leading to high risk of depression caused by spinal cord injury. 相似文献
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AIM:To investigate the expression of GAP-43 mRNA and protein of the motor neurons in spinal cord following the brachial plexus avulsion injury. METHODS:In the present study, three kinds of models of brachial plexus avulsion injury were made: right C7 anterior root avulsion (group A), C7 anterior root avulsion with right C5-T1 posterior roots breaking (group B), right C7 anterior root avulsion with hemi-transect between C5 and C6 segment of spinal cord (group C). The expression of GAP-43 mRNA in anterior horn of spinal cord was detected at 14 days after operation by SYBR green quantification RT-PCR technique. The amounts of GAP-43 positive neurons in spinal cord were detected at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after operation by immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS:In control group, the expression of GAP-43 mRNA was very low in anterior horn. By 14 days after operation, the expression of GAP-43 mRNA was evidently up-regulated compared with control group. GAP-43 positive neuron was observed in control group at 1st day and 3rd day after operation. GAP-43 positive neurons appeared at 7th day and peaked at 14th day after operation. The expression of GAP-43 mRNA and protein were maximum in group C, group B was the lowest. CONCLUSION:The expression of GAP-43 mRNA and GAP-43 protein were up-regulated following brachial plexus injury. The expression of GAP-43 protein results from the recombination of proteins. GAP-43 is closely related to the axon regeneration and functional reconstruction. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the protection of pentoxifylline against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury.METHODS: Rabbits sustained spinal cord ischemia with 45 min cross-clamping of the infrarenal aorta. Groups were as follows: sham operation (n=8); ischemic control (n=20), receiving only vehicle; PTX A (n=20), receiving PTX before clamping and PTX B (n=20), receiving PTX at the onset of reperfusion. Rabbits were evaluated for hind-limb motor function with the Tarlov scoring system at 48 h. Serum was assayed with ELISA for TNF-α and spinal cords were harvest for MPO activity, histopathologic analysis and TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemistry was used for PECAM-1 and caspase-3 detection, and the numbers of necrosic and apoptotic neuron were counted at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of reperfusion. The necrotic and apoptotic neurons were also observed with transmission electron microscope.RESULTS: Improved Tarlov scores were observed in PTX-treated rabbits as compared with ischemic control rabbits at 48 h. The significant reductions of TNF-α in serum, activity of MPO, immunoreactivity of the PECAM-1 and caspase-3 were found in PTX-treated rabbits. The numbers of necrosic and apoptotic neuron were higher in PTX-treated rabbits than that in the ischemic control rabbits (P<0.05). No necrosic and apoptotic neuron were found in the sham operation group. CONCLUSION: PTX induces protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the spinal cord, thereby preventing both necrosis and apoptosis. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage. 相似文献
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六种滇产悬钩子的果实品质评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从主要经济性状和一般营养成分两个方面评价了产于云南的三叶悬钩子、栽秧泡、灰毛果莓、红泡刺藤、茅莓和红毛悬钩子等6种悬钩子的果实品质,结果表明:灰毛果莓在果实重量、果实大小、总糖含量、糖酸比等指标上均居首位,开发价值最高;栽秧泡和红泡刺藤的维生素C含量和可溶性固形物含量大大超过其他4种的相应含量,其余指标居中,开发价值高;茅莓的果实含水量和出汁率最高,果实重量和大小均居第二,其他指标多居中等,也有较高的开发价值;红毛悬钩子的各项指标处于中下水平,开发价值低;三叶悬钩子在果实重量、果实大小、总糖含量、糖酸比、维生素C含量等多项指标上均居末席,但总酸含量却最高,开发价值最低.在6种悬钩子中,有5种悬钩子果实的营养成分均属首次报道;比较了滇产茅莓和资料报道的外省茅莓的维生素C含量,发现产于云南的茅莓果实的维生素C含量要远远高于其他省所产的相应含量. 相似文献