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1.
Dionisio G. Alvindia Takao Kobayashi Keiko T. Natsuaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):257-260
The fungal population in the air and on developing fruit on a nonchemical banana farm in the Philippines was estimated from
January 1998 to December 2001 to follow the source, determine the origin, and establish the population dynamics of various
fungi associated with postharvest diseases of banana. Forty fungal genera were found in the air on a nonchemical banana farm
and 26 were found on developing fruit. Spore density in the air and on the surface of developing fruit varied with seasonal
patterns. Fungi of various species were detected on the farm and on developing banana fruit, but it has not been established
as to when a specific fungus arrived at the farm and on the fruit. The results suggest that the source and origin of fungi
associated with postharvest diseases of banana fruit in Japan imported from the Philippines were the farm itself, and the
fungal association with banana fruit began at flower emergence. 相似文献
2.
香蕉花蕾注射螺虫乙酯和吡虫啉对黄胸蓟马的防效及药剂在果实中的残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄胸蓟马是中国香蕉上重要害虫,生产上对该虫仍缺乏较为有效的防治手段。本研究采用香蕉花蕾注射法施用22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂 (SC) 和70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂 (WG),研究了其对黄胸蓟马的防效,并采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法 (UPLC-MS/MS) 分析了药剂在香蕉果实中的残留。药效试验表明:于香蕉现蕾初期,22.4%螺虫乙酯SC和70%吡虫啉WG分别按有效成分0.12和0.18 g/株的剂量注射施药1次,对黄胸蓟马的防效分别为89%和86%。残留试验表明:花蕾注射施药后,螺虫乙酯和吡虫啉在香蕉果实中的半衰期分别为9.2和6.5 d,且在施药后95 d的香蕉成熟果实中未检测到其残留。本研究表明,香蕉花蕾注射螺虫乙酯与吡虫啉对黄胸蓟马具有良好的防治效果与安全性,可推荐在香蕉园轮换使用。 相似文献
3.
C. A. Phillips 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):298-303
Abstract Since its revival in the early fifties, the Windward Islands' banana industry has expanded rapidly. Exports have risen from 97,400 tons of fruit in 1959 to over 183,600 tons in 1968. Fruit quality which follows a seasonal pattern has been declining steadily from 1961 to the present time; deterioration over the years could have been due to any or all of 4 main factors: (a) improper handling of the fruit, (b) increased fungal activity, (c) inadequate plant nutrition and (d) higher grading standards employed by the marketing agents. Improved handling techniques aimed at providing greater protection to the fruit are being introduced into the islands. The bulk of Windward Islands' fruit is shipped on the stem because trials with box packaging have been unsuccessful in the past, however recent fruit boxing trials with thiabendazole have given very encouraging results; with continued success with the compound and if its use on export fruit is permitted in the UK, it is estimated that the Windwards will convert fully to box packaging of fruit within 3 years. 相似文献
4.
Different populations of Colletotrichum were characterized and quantified on floral parts of banana plants from flowering until harvest. Isolates of Colletotrichum found to be pathogenic and attributed to the species C. musae (77% of isolates) were differentiated from other species by abundant sporulation, a short mycelium, and rapid growth. Colletotrichum musae was isolated from floral parts mainly during the month following bunch emergence. The respective involvement of different sources of inoculum (leaves, bunch bracts, floral parts) in the levels of fruit contamination was evaluated. When the floral parts and bunch bracts were removed at flowering, the severity of anthracnose disease was considerably reduced. The severity of the disease is strongly correlated with cumulative rainfall during the first 35 days after bunch emergence, and was considerably reduced when rainwater runoff over the bunches was limited by placing plastic sleeves over them. The disease was not observed on banana fruit grown under shelters, protected from rain. The results obtained from this study show clearly that contamination of fruit by conidia takes place largely due to the trickling of rainfall over the floral parts, which are the main source of inoculum. The application of these results for integrated control is discussed. 相似文献
5.
Palm dates suffer from high infestations of sap-beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) populations. Organically grown dates are
particularly subject to high infestations for lack of alternative treatments both during pre- and postharvest, while export
requirements of null infestations are in effect. Present methods of postharvest control include treatments using CO2, which are expensive and require several hours. In this report we describe an effective, short-duration and inexpensive method
of postharvest heat-treatment using a postharvest heating container (PHHC). Laboratory experiments determined the optimum
temperature regime for maximum escape of beetles from the fruit to be 55°C for 2.5 h; this temperature was attained at a rate
of 1.8°C/min. Subsequent successful disinfestation of beetles was obtained in the PHHC after a total exposure time of 2.5
h. Sampling dates before and after treatment and quality control tests on cartons ready for export showed that this method
compared in efficiency with CO2 treatments but was much more economical. 相似文献
6.
M. Z. Alam 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):380-383
Abstract The location and climate of Bangladesh are described, together with the crops grown and organisations related to agriculture. The entomological problems of the main crops; rice, jute, sugarcane, and fruit crops such as mango, citrus, litchi, jack fruit, guava, banana, coconut and plum are presented. Some serious pests; aphids, epilachna beetles, ants, fruit flies, termites, cutworm and mealybugs are reviewed. 相似文献
7.
Hideo Ishii 《Pest management science》1997,51(3):383-386
Top fruit is grown widely in Japan but the wet climate favours the development of diseases; this, and the demand for blemish-free fruit, necessitates the use of chemical disease control. Many applications of fungicides during the growing season could lead to the development of resistance and this paper presents a brief history, current status and future management of resistance to fungicides with special reference to diseases of apples and Japanese pears. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
8.
Fusarium oxysporum is a soil borne hyphomycete that causes vascular wilts in several crop plants. A variety of remedial measures such as the use of fungicides, soil amendments and biological antagonists have proved insufficient in controlling F. oxysporum. Ever since it was first reported in banana crop, the only effective control strategy known is planting of resistant cultivars. However, presumably due to the high mutation rates and rapid co-evolution with its host, Fusarium wilt has surmounted host defense barriers and has already begun infecting even the resistant Cavendish varieties that dominate export markets worldwide. Transgenic banana plants showing enhanced resistance to Fusarium wilt have been developed in recent past, but they remain largely confined to the laboratory. The importance of banana as source of food and income in developing countries world over and the need to develop Fusarium wilt tolerant cultivars by novel biotechnological approaches is detailed herein. In this communication, we review the biology and management of Fusarium wilt in banana with the aim of providing the baseline of information to encourage much needed research on integrated management of this destructive banana crop disease problem. 相似文献
9.
香蕉是我国南方的重要特色作物,香蕉煤污病的发生降低了果实品质,严重影响其市场价值,给蕉农造成经济损失。为明确广西香蕉上新发生煤污病的病原及其生物学特性,采用单孢分离法获得病原菌株BFMY-2,并依据柯赫氏法则验证其为广西香蕉煤污病的病原菌。通过rDNA-ITS和SSU序列分析并结合形态学鉴定,将病原菌鉴定为枝状枝孢霉(Cladosporium cladosporioides),该菌引起的香蕉煤污病为首次报道。生物学特性测试结果表明,该菌最适生长温度为28℃;最适生长pH为6.0~7.0;可利用11种供试碳源和12种供试氮源,最适碳源为果糖和木糖,最适氮源为甘氨酸;在相对湿度大于或等于80%时孢子才能萌发,最适湿度为100%。 相似文献
10.
Dinham B 《Pest management science》2003,59(5):575-582
Vegetables attract high applications of pesticides, and farmers in developing countries use many acutely toxic insecticides to control pests on these crops. With the liberalisation of agricultural markets in developing countries, the number of small-scale farmers growing vegetables for both domestic and export markets is increasing. Demand for supplies of year-round and exotic fruit and vegetables has grown in industrialised countries, but with rising quality standards and traceability requirements it is difficult for small-scale farmers to benefit from this lucrative non-traditional agricultural export trade. The demand is high for vegetables in the expanding cities in developing countries, and farmers in peri-urban areas, or rural areas with good access to the cities, are in a position to find a growing market for their produce. Poor storage facilities will often mean that farmers are forced to sell at peak times when prices are low. Farmers rarely have access to training in pesticide use, and have only limited or no access to advice on the complicated management of pesticides. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN is concerned about high levels of poor quality and adulterated pesticides on sale in developing countries. Surveys repeatedly show that without training, farmers are unable to make good crop decisions: recognition of pests and their predators is generally low, leading to decisions to spray to kill any insect; knowledge of product selection, application rates and timing is poor; different products are often combined in the belief that the effect will be greater; re-entry periods after spraying and essential harvest intervals are not known; and without knowledge of alternatives, farmers will often assume that the only solution to pest problems is to spray more frequently. From a consumer's point of view, few developing countries are able to monitor pesticide residues, particularly for produce grown for home consumption: most countries do not have laboratories for even simple residue testing. Changes in European Maximum Residue Limits means that export crops will be rejected if they contain residues at the Limit of Detection of pesticides not registered in Europe. Season-long field level training in Integrated Pest Management can help farmers to become better decision-makers, and to greatly reduce pesticide use while reducing risks to their own health and environment, producing safer products for consumers, maintaining yields, and increasing incomes. 相似文献
11.
采用10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂（OD）,按有效成分75 g/hm2的剂量,于香蕉抽蕾初期施药1次,比较了喷雾、灌根和埋药3种施药方式下溴氰虫酰胺对黄胸蓟马的防效,并通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）,分析了溴氰虫酰胺在香蕉果实、花瓣及土壤中的消解动态和最终残留。药效试验表明:喷雾法与灌根法对黄胸蓟马均具有良好的防治效果,防效分别为78%和74%,而埋药处理的防效较差,仅18%。残留检测结果表明:喷雾和灌根处理组,溴氰虫酰胺在果实、花瓣和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为6.5、14.0、8.5 d和16.0、5.7、8.0 d;在香蕉收获前7 d采样,果实中未检测到溴氰虫酰胺残留,其在土壤中残留量为0.028 mg/kg。研究表明,采用喷雾与灌根法施用溴氰虫酰胺可有效防治香蕉田黄胸蓟马,且其在香蕉上使用较安全,属于易降解性农药。 相似文献
12.
果实产后病害严重影响水果的贮藏及商品质量,使用杀菌剂防治这类病害,因受到各种原因的影响而限制使用.产后果实生物防治(BCPD)作为一种有效的替代方法越来越受到人们的重视,因为果实产后系统具有环境因素的可控性、生物防治的安全性和稳定性等特点.作者从果实产后系统的特点、拮抗菌的筛选方法、生防机制、提高生物防治效果的措施和生物防治的发展前景等几方面进行阐述,展示产后果实病害生物防治的可行性和潜力,并为今后生防产品的开发提供研究思路. 相似文献
13.
Dionisio G. Alvindia 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):183-191
The present study aimed at improving the control of crown rot disease and quality of pesticide-free banana banana fruit by integrated approach combining Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DGA14 and hot water treatment (HWT). The efficacy of treatment combination was tested on cultures of crown rot-causing pathogens, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium verticillioides, and postharvest application. Combination of DGA14 and HWT inhibited mycelium growth by 82.61 % as compared to 66.68 % by DGA14 and 37.90 % by HWT, as single treatments. Spore germination was totally inhibited in DGA14 with or without HWT. Postharvest application with DGA14 + HWT gave 90 % control of fruit decay comparable to 93 % of synthetic fungicide. Fruit treated alone with hot water or in combination with DGA14 incurred the lowest loss in weight. The over-all quality of fruit with DGA14 + HWT was better appearance and firmer texture which was statistically comparable with fungicide-treated banana. DGA14 + HWT was more consistent in crown rot control i.e., limited variation in severity of disease within a treatment as compared to DGA14 and HWT, as stand-alone treatments. 相似文献
14.
Ploetz RC 《Phytopathology》2006,96(6):653-656
ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt of banana (also known as Panama disease) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Where susceptible cultivars are grown, management is limited to the use of pathogen-free planting stock and clean soils. Resistant genotypes exist for some applications, but resistance is still needed in other situations. Progress has been made with this recalcitrant crop by traditional and nontraditional improvement programs. The disease was first reported in Australia in 1876, but did the greatest damage in export plantations in the western tropics before 1960. A new variant, tropical race 4, threatens the trades that are now based on Cavendish cultivars, and other locally important types such as the plantains. Phylogenetic studies indicate that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense had several independent evolutionary origins. The significance of these results and the future impact of this disease are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Tomato is the most economically important fruit/vegetable crop grown worldwide. However, viral diseases remain an important factor limiting its productivity, with estimated quantitative and qualitative yield losses in tomato crops often reaching up to 100%. Many viruses infecting tomato have been reported, while new viral diseases have also emerged. The climatic changes the world is experiencing can be a contributing factor to the successful spread of newly emerging viruses, as well as the establishment of disease in areas that were previously either unfavourable or where the disease was absent. Because antiviral products are not available, strategies to mitigate viral diseases rely on genetic resistance/tolerance to infection, control of vectors, improvement in crop hygiene, roguing of infected plants and seed certification. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging viral threat to tomato productivity and is currently spreading into new areas, which is of great concern to the growing global production in the absence of mitigation measures. This review presents the current knowledge about ToBRFV and future prospects for an improved understanding of the virus, which will be needed to support effective control and mitigation of the impact it is likely to cause. 相似文献
16.
An ultraviolet spsctrophotometric and a microbiological assay were used to determine residues of benomyl and its derivative carbendazim on banana skin and pulp. Two alternative procedures for the purification of pulp extracts are described and recovery values from laboratory-treated bananas are compared. The average residue determined in the pulp was 6.4 % of the total for the whole fruit. 相似文献
17.
Valadez-Moctezuma Ernestina Samah Samir Zelaya-Molina Lily Xochilt Díaz-Rivera Joaquín Bernardo 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2020,127(6):753-762
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In Mexico, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is grown mainly for export, but its production is affected by various pests and diseases. Plants with mosaic... 相似文献
18.
Clifford S. Gold Jorge E. Pena Eldad B. Karamura 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2001,6(2):79-155
The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) is the most important insect pest of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.). The larvae bore in the corm, reducing nutrient uptake and weakening the stability of the plant. Attack in newly planted banana stands can lead to crop failure. In established fields, weevil damage can result in reduced bunch weights, mat die-out and shortened stand life. Damage and yield losses tend to increase with time. This paper reviews the research on the taxonomy, distribution, biology, pest status, sampling methods, and integrated pest management (IPM) of banana weevil. Salient features of the weevil's biology include nocturnal activity, long life span, limited mobility, low fecundity, and slow population growth. The adults are free living and most often associated with banana mats and cut residues. They are attracted to their hosts by volatiles, especially following damage to the plant corm. Males produce an aggregation pheromone that is attractive to both sexes. Eggs are laid in the corm or lower pseudostem. The immature stages are all passed within the host plant, mostly in the corm. The weevil's biology creates sampling problems and makes its control difficult. Most commonly, weevils are monitored by trapping adults, mark and recapture methods and damage assessment to harvested or dead plants. Weevil pest status and control options reflect the type of banana being grown and the production system. Plantains and highland bananas are more susceptible to the weevil than dessert or brewing bananas. Banana production systems range from kitchen gardens and small, low-input stands to large-scale export plantations. IPM options for banana weevils include habitat management (cultural controls), biological control, host plant resistance, botanicals, and (in some cases) chemical control. Cultural controls have been widely recommended but data demonstrating their efficacy are limited. The most important are clean planting material in new stands, crop sanitation (especially destruction of residues), agronomic methods to improve plant vigour and tolerance to weevil attack and, possibly, trapping. Tissue culture plantlets, where available, assure the farmer with weevil-free material. Suckers may be cleaned by paring, hot water treatment and/or the applications of entomopathogens, neem, or pesticides. None of these methods assure elimination of weevils. Adult weevils may also invade from nearby plantations. As a result, the benefits of clean planting material may be limited to a few crop cycles. Field surveys suggest that reduced weevil populations may be associated with high levels of crop sanitation, yet definitive studies on residue management and weevil pest status are wanting. Trapping of adult weevils with pseudostem or corm traps can reduce weevil populations, but material and labour requirements may be beyond the resources of many farmers. The use of enhanced trapping with pheromones and kairomones is currently under study. A combination of clean planting material, sanitation, and trapping is likely to provide at least partial control of banana weevil.Classical biological control of banana weevil, using natural enemies from Asia, has so far been unsuccessful. Most known arthropod natural enemies are opportunistic, generalist predators with limited efficacy. Myrmicine ants have been reported to help control the weevil in Cuba, but their effects elsewhere are unknown. Microbial control, using entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes tend to be more promising. Effective strains of microbial agents are known but economic mass production and delivery systems need further development. 相似文献
19.
20.
生防放线菌CY-14的鉴定及其发酵液对香蕉炭疽病的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
香蕉炭疽病是由香蕉炭疽菌Colletotrichum musae侵染引起的,是香蕉采后贮藏、运输和销售过程中发生的主要病害之一,严重影响中国香蕉的北运和出口。从土壤中分离到1株对香蕉炭疽菌具有拮抗作用的放线菌CY-14,通过形态特征、培养特性、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析对该菌株进行了初步鉴定,并对其发酵液进行了活性评价。结果表明:经初步鉴定,该放线菌为链霉菌属Streptomyces sp.;其发酵液稀释10倍对香蕉炭疽菌的抑制率达92.5%,同时对其他8种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,抗菌谱较广;其发酵液热稳定性较好,经100 ℃处理2 h后,体积分数为10%的发酵液对香蕉炭疽菌的抑制率为55.7%,发酵液稀释1 000倍后仍可完全抑制香蕉炭疽菌的孢子萌发;CY-14纯发酵液对香蕉炭疽病具有一定的防效,与对照药剂1 000 mg/L百菌清的防效相当。菌株CY-14作为香蕉炭疽病的生防放线菌,具有发现新型抗生素或者活性化合物的潜能,可对其进行深入的研究。 相似文献