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外源ABA和BR在提高油菜幼苗耐渍性中的作用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以甘蓝型油菜中双9号为植物材料,应用外源ABA和BR处理渍水胁迫的油菜幼苗,研究其在缓解油菜幼苗渍水伤害中的作用。结果显示,短期(0~12d)渍水处理可促进油菜生长,长期(18d)渍水处理则抑制油菜生长,尤其是BR;外源ABA(75.67µmol/L)和BR(0.21µmol/L)可有效缓解长期渍水胁迫对油菜幼苗的伤害作用,干物质积累量较单纯渍水处理增加19.52%和26.22%;外源ABA和BR处理还可延缓叶绿素含量的降低,提高叶片光合能力;提高抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性,降低膜脂过氧化(MDA含量降低);增加叶片可溶性糖含量。说明外源ABA和BR处理通过促进渍水胁迫下油菜幼苗光合作用,提高抗氧化酶活性,提高渗透调节物质含量来增强植株抗渍能力。 相似文献
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花生播种期易受低温胁迫,为明确种衣剂处理对低温胁迫下花生种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,以常温(25℃)处理为对照(CK),设8℃和10℃两个低温胁迫处理,各温度下设种衣剂包衣和清水浸润对照两种处理方式,研究种衣剂处理对低温胁迫下花生种子活力、幼苗干物质积累、根系形态特征和光合生理的影响。结果表明,相对于常温处理,8℃低温胁迫处理显著降低了花生种子发芽势(5.9%)、发芽率(7.7%)、发芽指数(11.0%)、种子活力指数(6.9%)和幼苗叶片SPAD值(11.4%),同时对幼苗根系生长产生抑制作用,其根长、根表面积和根体积较25℃常温和10℃低温胁迫处理分别显著降低50.0%~50.2%、44.9%~48.1%、48.2%~48.5%,但8℃低温胁迫处理对花生幼苗地上部和地下部干物质积累、最大光化学效率及胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率和蒸腾速率等光合参数均无显著影响;种衣剂处理显著提高了8℃低温胁迫下花生种子的发芽势(8.2%)、活力指数(10.9%)和花生幼苗根长(45.1%)及根表面积(38.4%),但对10℃低温胁迫和常温处理均无显著影响,同时,种衣剂处理还显著提高... 相似文献
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花生种子萌发过程中内源激素含量的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国油料作物学报》2020,(5)
种子的休眠和萌发是植物生活史重要的两个环节,植物激素在其中起到关键的调节作用。本研究利用ELISA方法测定了弱休眠性花生品种Chico(CC)和强休眠性丰花1号(FH1)花生种子在萌发过程不同部位中脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、油菜素内酯(BR)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的含量。结果表明,FH1新鲜收获种子和干种子中不同部位ABA含量水平明显高于CC;吸水萌发过程中,两品种子叶中ABA含量和ABA/GA3比例变化趋势呈现明显差异,但两品种整体ABA含量及ABA/GA3比例随吸胀降低。研究表明,ABA在检测的三个部位中均发挥作用。萌发中后期,两品种子叶中GA3含量上升,表明GA3主要在子叶发挥作用。两品种IAA及BR含量在种子萌发过程变化趋势一致,它们主要在胚轴及胚根发挥作用。新鲜种子中IAA含量较高,吸胀后呈"波浪型"变化趋势,总体维持明显低于新鲜收获的种子中的水平;且FH1中IAA含量水平明显低于CC品种。萌发过程中两品种BR含量整体呈上升趋势,FH1的BR含量明显高于CC种子。总之,不同品种间内源激素含量水平存在差异,FH1中较高的ABA水平与其较强的休眠性有关;萌发过程中GA3、BR的提高和较低的IAA水平促进胚轴伸长及胚根生长。 相似文献
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温度、土壤湿度和播种深度对花生种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选用白沙1016为试验材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同温度、土壤湿度和播种深度对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着温度(15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)的升高,花生出苗率、株高、侧枝数、地上和地下部分鲜重、叶绿素含量及根系活力也逐渐增加;土壤相对湿度60%时,花生的出苗率和幼苗长势均优于相对湿度40%和80%,且土壤相对湿度80%时,花生的烂种率显著增加,在高温和播种过深时尤其严重;播种深度为4~6cm时最为适宜,播种过浅或过深会降低出苗率,延长出苗时间,影响花生长势。因而,在实际生产中,根据当地的气候、土壤质地等条件,选择合适的播种时机及农艺操作可有效提高花生的产量和品质。 相似文献
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橡胶叶水浸提液对花生幼苗早期根系形态及其生理特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为深入理解橡胶树的化感抑制作用,采用适当浓度的橡胶叶水浸提液处理刚萌动的花生种子10 d,测定花生幼苗早期根系形态及其生理指标。结果表明:橡胶叶水浸提液能显著降低花生幼苗胚根长度、苗高、根鲜重、地上部鲜重以及根冠比,对根生长的抑制作用比地上部强烈;能显著降低根系总长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数,但对根平均直径有轻微的促进作用,与对照相比,差异不显著;能显著降低根系SOD、POD、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及根系活力,却明显增加根系MDA含量和相对电导率。说明橡胶叶水浸提液可通过破坏花生幼苗的抗氧化防御机制,降低其渗透调节能力,减少根系的吸收面积,抑制根系的吸收活性来抑制花生幼苗的生长。 相似文献
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甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂拌种对花生幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国油料作物学报》2015,(5)
通过小杯法,研究了3种甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯、醚菌酯和嘧菌酯在有效成分5、10、15和20g/10kg(种子)4个拌种剂量下对花生幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在有效成分10g/10kg(种子)拌种剂量下,3种药剂均显著促进花生幼苗生长发育,株高分别增加19.3%、15.7%和15.4%;主根长分别增加26.7%、26.1%和8.9%;地上鲜重分别增加26.3%、12.5%和21.3%;地下鲜重分别增加44.4%、44.4%和33.3%。叶片保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)、转氨酶(GPT、GOT)的活性也有所提高,且叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量增大,丙二醛(MDA)含量减少,根系活力提高,对花生幼苗起到了保健的作用。 相似文献
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脱落酸(ABA)对白粒小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了研究微生物源ABA对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响,以白粒小麦宁麦11号为材料,通过不同浓度的ABA浸种处理研究了微生物源ABA对小麦籽粒萌发及幼苗生长的调控作用.结果表明,1.0~100 mg/L的ABA溶液浸种对白粒小麦种子萌发均具有明显的抑制作用,且ABA浓度愈高籽粒萌发受到的抑制作用愈强.当ABA浓度为80~100 mg/L时,能延缓白粒小麦萌发2 d以上;ABA浸种处理后5 d龄的幼苗,其叶片叶绿素含量上升,SOD酶活性增高,MDA含量下降,同时抗坏血酸(AsA)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于对照,这对提高小麦幼苗的抗逆性有重要作用. 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6~-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为1:2048。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达30%-37%,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达85.7%。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究,并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明:10条引物共扩增出66条条带,其中有37条多态带,多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.35时,12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类,第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体;第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体;第3类为浙江、广东种源个体;第4类为江西、福建种源个体;第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明:PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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The characterisation of the wheat endosperm by mechanical tests of compression highlighted a relation between the rupture energy and the elasticity modulus for different varieties of wheat; this relation allows us to distinguish mealy and vitreous endosperms. An approach based on the micromechanics of cohesive granular materials is used to analyse these experimental results. A geometrical model of the wheat endosperm made of grains linked by cohesive bonds is proposed. We introduced two parameters, the first one α represents the percentage of active bonds (bonds where the stiffness and strength are non-zero), and the second one β represents the threshold of the bond's rupture. The parameter β can be related to the cross-section of the bond. This model successfully describes the mechanical tests on the wheat endosperm. The comparison with the experimental tests makes it possible to clearly differentiate vitreous wheats and mealy wheats and then attribute this property to the parameter β. The model shows the same tendency as regards the evolution of the rupture energy and the elastic modulus with the parameter α. The modelling of endosperm by the mechanics of cohesive granular media provides a new theoretical framework to interpret the rheology of endosperm. This approach allows us to connect this rheology to the mechanical actions at the scale of the granules. 相似文献