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1.
Seyed Reza Tabaei-Aghdaei Alireza Babaei Morteza Khosh-Khui Kamkar Jaimand Mohammad Bagher Rezaee Mohammad Hassan Assareh Mohammad Reza Naghavi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
Forty landraces of Damask rose were collected from 28 provinces (13 origin sites) in Iran and evaluated to determine the diversity among them. The investigated characters were: flower weight, flower diameter, peduncle length, number of petals, number of stamens and oil content. Pearson's coefficients showed that number of petals was positively correlated with flower weight (r = 0.642) and number of stamens (r = 0.630), while its correlation with peduncle length was negative (r = −0.53). A negative correlation was obtained between oil content and number of stamens (r = −0.60) which is useful for indirect selection of landraces with low number of stamens and therefore high amount of oil content. Cluster analysis based on five botanical characters and oil content separated the origin site 12, which included Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces with a specific climate condition of temperate humid, from other origin sites. This distinctiveness was already confirmed by the bi-plot of the principal components. The distribution of Damask rose landraces provided useful information for the future collection and for the genetic resource management in these origin sites. 相似文献
2.
The effect of night temperature on short day (SD) floral induction has been studied in three June-bearing strawberry cultivars of different geographic origin and compared with yield performance in the cool Nordic environment. At the optimum day temperature of 18 °C, the SD flowering response of the cultivars ‘Florence’ and ‘Korona’ increased significantly with increasing night temperature from 9 to 18 °C, while an optimum was reached at 15 °C in the cultivar ‘Frida’ that is selected under cool-environment conditions in Norway. Also, while saturated flowering response was obtained with 3 weeks of SD treatment at all temperatures in ‘Frida’, several plants of ‘Florence’ and ‘Korona’ failed to initiate flowers at 9 °C night temperature even with 5 weeks of SD. The effect of extended SD period was particularly pronounced in ‘Florence’. The slow SD floral induction response of ‘Florence’ was associated with a 2 week delay of anthesis in subsequent long day (LD) conditions at 21 °C. Yield performance of the same cultivars during 2 years under field conditions at Nes Hedmark and in North Norway also demonstrated that the yield potential of ‘Florence’ was not realized under the climatic conditions prevailing at these locations. In both years the yields varied significantly among the cultivars, ‘Frida’ having the highest yields followed by ‘Korona’, with ‘Florence’ far below. It is concluded that, in the Nordic environment, autumn (September) night temperatures are obviously sub-optimal for yield performance of some June-bearing strawberry cultivars, and that this effect is mediated by autumn temperature effects on flower initiation responses. 相似文献
3.
Sugary (Se1Se1) sweet corn hybrids do not have a high quality for human consumption according to the preferences of today's consumers, although they have a good stand establishment in cool environments. On the contrary, sugary enhancer (se1se1) hybrids have a high table quality, but a poor stand establishment in areas with a cool growing season. Sugary × sugary enhancer (Se1se1) sweet corn genotypes could be a valuable alternative for cool environments, but no information is available about the performance of sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids under such conditions. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of sugary × sugary enhancer sweet corn genotypes in cool environments in comparison with sugary and sugary enhancer genotypes. Eight sugary lines and eight sugary enhancer lines were used as the parental lines of 15 sugary, 12 sugary enhancer, and 57 sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids that were evaluated in three different cool environments. The results of this work show that sweet corn cultivars with the Se1se1 genotype are an appropriate alternative for cool areas because they have better plant and ear types and a better eating quality than the Se1Se1 genotypes, and better emergence, early vigor, and shorter flowering time than se1se1 genotypes. 相似文献
4.
The effects of mean daily temperature (MDT) and mean photosynthetic daily light integral (MDLI) on flowering during the finish stage of two petunia (Petunia × hybrida) cultivars were quantified. Petunia ‘Easy Wave Coral Reef’ and ‘Wave Purple’ were grown in glass-glazed greenhouses at 14–23 °C or 14–26 °C and under 4–19 mol m−2 d−1 with a 16-h photoperiod. The flower developmental rate was predicted using a model that included a linear MDT function with a base temperature multiplied by an exponential MDLI saturation function. The flower developmental rate increased and time to flower decreased as MDT increased within the temperature range studied. For example, under a MDLI of 12 mol m−2 d−1, as MDT increased from 14 to 23 °C, time to flower of ‘Easy Wave Coral Reef’ and ‘Wave Purple’ decreased from 51 to 22 d and 62 to 30 d, respectively. Flower developmental rate increased as MDLI increased until saturation at 14.1–14.4 mol m−2 d−1. Nonlinear models were generated for effects of MDT and MDLI on flower bud number and plant height at flowering. The number of flower buds at flowering increased as MDT decreased and MDLI increased. For example, at an MDT of 14 °C with 18 mol m−2 d−1, plants had 2.5–2.9 times more flower buds than those grown at 23 °C and 4 mol m−2 d−1. Models were validated with an independent data set, and the predicted time to flower, flower bud number, and plant height were within ±7 d, ±20 flowers, and ±4 cm, respectively, for 96–100%, 62–87%, and 93–100% of the observations, respectively. The models could be used during greenhouse crop production to improve scheduling and predict plant quality of these petunia cultivars. 相似文献
5.
Despite problems of low fruit set, small fruit size and alternate bearing, the Hass cultivar dominates commercial avocado production worldwide. To increase yield and fruit size, gibberellic acid (GA3) (25 mg L−1) was applied at different stages of ‘Hass’ avocado tree phenology: (i) mid–late April (flower abscission), end of June–beginning of July (fruit abscission and beginning of the exponential phase of fruit growth), and mid-January (beginning of pre-harvest fruit drop); (ii) end of June–beginning of July; and (iii) mid-September (near the end of the major fruit abscission period; period of exponential fruit growth). In both years of the research, applications of GA3 in April and June–July were within the periods of intense flower and fruit abscission, respectively; fruit abscission was low in September and January. Maximum air temperature was not related to flower or fruit abscission. In the on-crop year (391 fruit per untreated control tree), a single application of GA3 at the end of June–beginning of July significantly increased total yield (kilograms only) and yield of commercially valuable fruit (178–325 g/fruit) (as kilograms and number per tree) compared with the control (P < 0.0001). GA3 applied in September increased total yield (kilograms only) and yield of commercially valuable fruit (kilograms and number per tree) to values intermediate to and not significantly different from all other treatments, except trees receiving multiple applications of GA3. This treatment reduced total yield and yield of commercially valuable fruit (kilograms and number per tree) relative to all treatments (P ≤ 0.0002). In contrast, during the off-crop year (32 fruit per control tree), no GA3 treatment had a significant effect on yield or fruit size compared with the control and all other GA3 treatments. For ‘Hass’ avocado, there was no negative effect from applying GA3 at the end of June–beginning of July in both the off- and on-crop years; 2-year cumulative total yield and yield of commercially valuable fruit were increased by 27 kg (128 fruit) and 22 kg (101 fruit) per tree, respectively, above the yield of untreated control trees (P < 0.0001). 相似文献
6.
Changes in biophysical attributes, mangiferin and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase and peroxidase activities in malformation resistant mango cultivar Elaichi were studied at various stages of flower development and compared with susceptible cvs. Amrapali, Beauty Mc-lin and Dashehari. Accumulation of mangiferin was maximum (96.0 and 108.0 mg g−1 FW) in Elaichi prior to flower bud differentiation (September) and at full bloom (February), while these were minimum (59.0 and 74.0 mg g−1 FW) in susceptible cv. Beauty Mc-lin. Mangiferin promoted vegetative growth and exhibited inhibitory role on the occurrence of malformation. It was also found that the resistant cultivar had highest activity of PPO as compared to susceptible ones. There was no significant difference in the enzymes catalase and peroxidase activity at early stage of flower differentiation but at flower bud burst stage the catalase activity was enhanced significantly in cv. Elaichi (25.28 unit min−1 g−1 FW) in comparison to Amrapali (16.20 unit min−1 g−1 FW), Beauty Mc-lin (18.39 unit min−1 g−1 FW) and Dashehari (17.50 unit min−1 g−1 FW). The resistant cultivar had high leaf temperature (30.30 °C) and diffusion resistance (476.14 m mol m−2 s−1) during the flowering but the rate of transpiration and relative humidity (RH) were high in susceptible cultivars. Results of the present study clearly indicate that level of mangiferin could be considered as a potential biochemical indicator for screening mango genotypes to malformation. 相似文献
7.
Flower heads of Calendula officinalis L. are used for medicinal or culinary purposes. Since Egyptian agricultural lands contain salt, this study investigated the effects of saline irrigation water on yield (fresh and dry weights of flower heads), essential oil (EO) yield, chemical constituents of the EO and total flavonoids and carotenoids of flower heads at three flowering stages, i.e. initial (21 days after bud formation (DABF)), full flowering (81 DABF) and final (111 DABF). After plants were treated with different levels of saline irrigation water (0.39, 1.56, 3.13, 4.69, 6.25, 7.81 and 9.38 dS m−1) consisting of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 salts, the flower head yield and pigment (total flavonoids and carotenoids) content were significantly reduced. Irrigation with saline water increased the EO content and its main components (α-cadinol, γ- and Δ-cadinene). Fresh and dry weights of flower heads and EO increased near 81 DABF while the content of pigments increased by 111 DABF. 相似文献
8.
Worldwide, gibberellic acid (GA3) is used routinely to increase fruit number and size of seedless mandarins. The efficacy of seven combinations of GA3 concentrations and application times to maximize total yield and yield of commercially valuable fruit (diameter 57.2–76.2 mm) of ‘Nules’ Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) was determined in a commercial orchard. GA3 applied during the period of intense flower abscission failed to reduce the total number of abscised flowers in both the light off- and heavy on-bloom years. No GA3 treatment reduced fruit abscission when trees were setting the low yield off-crop. However, all trees receiving GA3 in the high yield on-crop year had fewer abscised fruit than untreated control trees (P = 0.0188) and GA3 applied 10 days after 75% petal fall and in July increased the number of fruit retained on tagged branches >20% compared to control trees (P = 0.0005). Maximum air temperature was not related to flower or fruit abscission. In the off-crop year (548 fruit per untreated control tree), it was necessary to apply 15 or 25 mg L−1 GA3 at 60% bloom, 90% bloom, 75% petal fall and 10 days after 75% petal fall to significantly increase the number of fruit per tree and yield of commercially valuable fruit (kilograms and number per tree) (P < 0.0001) above that of control trees, with no reduction in total kilograms per tree. In the following on-crop year, it was better not to apply GA3: no treatment increased total yield or fruit size and five of seven GA3 treatments tested reduced total yield as kilograms and number of fruit per tree (P = 0.0003). The results provide strong evidence that GA3 efficacy is crop load-dependent and dictate that crop load should be considered when using GA3 to increase fruit set or fruit size of mandarins. 相似文献
9.
Since 1926, the University of Minnesota herbaceous perennial breeding program has released N = 84 garden chrysanthemum cultivars (Dendranthema × grandiflora) with important traits for northern temperate climates, such as winter hardiness. Recent breeding objectives have identified the need for development of non-destructive phenotypic markers and destructive laboratory freezing tests for co-selection of cold tolerance in Dendranthema, Gaura, and other herbaceous perennial flower crops. Such methods have become critical to flower breeding programs in northern temperate regions during periods of above-average winter temperatures and minimal snow cover due to the ‘el Niño’ effect. Two different, destructive laboratory freezing tests were evaluated for their effectiveness in determining cold tolerance. Acclimated crowns of n = 6 garden chrysanthemum genotypes, ranging from hardy to non-hardy in USDA Z3-4, were used in Omega Block (using detached, emergent rhizomes) and chamber (using entire, intact crowns with emergent, non-emergent rhizomes) freezing test methods. Comparative winter survival in the field was monitored over locations and years. Cold tolerance was assessed at 0 to −12 °C with varying ramp and soak time periods. LT50 temperatures and number of living emergent rhizomes were also determined. Rhizome quality at 1, 3, and 5 cm depths was rated for regrowth on a 0 (dead) to 5 (undamaged) scale. The chamber freezing method was the most powerful to discern accurate LT50 values. Cold tolerant genotypes included ‘Duluth’ and Mn. Selection 98-89-7 (LT50 = −12 °C). Four genotypes were rated as non-hardy (LT50 = ≤−10 °C). Cold-tolerant genotypes also had significantly higher regrowth ratings for rhizomes at 1 and 3 cm depths. Future research will implement the chamber freezing method to assay the inheritance of winter hardiness in intact crowns of segregating populations. 相似文献
10.
We investigated the hypothesis that split root fertigation (SRF) approach could provide complementary benefits over traditional fertigation (TF) in terms of water use, vegetative growth and yield formation in the high radiation season and under two atmospheric conditions in a greenhouse. Plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Cumuli) were grown in a traditional high-wire cultivation system in a peat growing medium. In the SRF method the root system of a plant was separated into two compartments over the crop cycle. One compartment received fertigation solution with low EC (1.2 dS m−1) and the other compartment solution with high EC (3.5 dS m−1) value. In the TF method the EC value of fertigation solution was 2.4 dS m−1. The atmospheric conditions included an open (ventilated) and a semi-closed (cooled) greenhouse. The employment of cooling resulted in an enhancement of the average CO2 in a semi-closed (810 ppm) over an open (530 ppm) greenhouse resulting in a yield improvement (37%). SRF improved water uptake in both atmospheric conditions and water use efficiency (WUE) in an open greenhouse. The water uptake in SRF was highest in the root part with the low EC values, namely 61% in the open and 66% in the semi-closed greenhouse. In both atmospheric conditions, SRF decreased flower abortion, leading to an improved fruit set with a small effect on vegetative growth. SRF increased yield by 21% in the open and 17% in the semi-closed greenhouse compared to TF in corresponding greenhouses. 相似文献
11.
The effects of photoperiod (12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 h), day temperature (12, 15, 18, 24 or 27 °C) and night temperature (6, 9 or 12 °C) and their interactions on flower and inflorescence emergence were investigated by exposing 4 week old runner plants of strawberry cvs. Korona and Elsanta during a period of 3 weeks. A daily photoperiod of 12 or 13 h resulted in the highest number of plants with emerged flowers. A photoperiod of 14 h or more strongly reduced this number, while no flowers emerged at a photoperiod of 16 h. Plants exposed to photoperiods of 12 or 13 h flowered earlier and had longer flower trusses. A day temperature of 18 °C and/or a night temperature of 12 °C were optimal for plants to emerge flowers and resulted in the shortest time to flowering. A night temperature of 6 °C strongly reduced the number of plants that emerged flowers, especially when combined with lower day temperatures. Photoperiod and temperature had no effect on the number of inflorescences, all flowering plants produced on average one inflorescence. The number of flowers on the inflorescence increased with decreasing day temperature and when photoperiod was raised from 12 to 15 h. In general, ‘Korona’ was more sensitive to photoperiod and temperature as ‘Elsanta’, and had a lower optimal day temperature for flower emergence. Results of this experiment may be used to produce high quality plant material or to define optimal conditions when combining flower induction and fruit production. 相似文献
12.
Duong Tan Nhut Truong Thi Thuy AnNguyen Thi Dieu Huong Nguyen Trinh DonNguyen Thanh Hai Nguyen Quoc ThienNguyen Hong Vu 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
An unique procedure for the mass shoot propagation of Gerbera using receptacle transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) culture procedure was developed. Genotype, flower bud age, explant size, position of receptacle tTCLs and culture media were found to affect the success of culture. Ten interspecific crosses of Gerbera showed different shoot regeneration rates and callus induction via receptacle tTCL culture, all of which had shoot regeneration rates higher than 57%. Flower buds collected on the 10th day resulted in 91% shoot regeneration after 6 weeks of culture on basal MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 475–497] supplemented with 0.02 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.8 mg l−1 adenine and 10% (v/v) coconut water (CW). This was significantly higher than those from flower buds on the 7th and 14th days (22% and 54%), respectively. Shoot regeneration rate was the highest (94–100%) in the middle layers of the receptacle. For mass shoot propagation, shoot clusters were subcultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.0 mg l−1 kinetin after every 4 weeks. Plantlets formed when single shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 IBA. All plantlets acclimatized well in the greenhouse. 相似文献
13.
Orchids are currently the most valuable potted crop in the United States. To date, no studies focused on making possible the year-round greenhouse production of flowering nobile dendrobium orchids. This experiment was aimed at developing a strategy to defer flowering of nobile dendrobium orchids by holding them under low temperature. Mature Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’ and Den. Sea Mary ‘Snow King’ were held at 10 °C for various durations (0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks) after vernalization (4 weeks at 10 °C). Plants were forced in a greenhouse after holding. Time to flower, flower differentiation (flowering node percentage, number of aerial shoot and aborted bud) and flower quality (total flower number, flower diameter, flower number per flowering node and flower longevity) were determined. Increase of low temperature holding duration from 0 to 16 weeks extended time to flower up to 3 months and did not affect parameters of flower except producing larger flowers and reducing flower number per flowering node for Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’. Notably, the flower longevity was not adversely affected. Defoliation was aggravated in Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’ by longer duration of cooling and was considered a detrimental effect of low temperature holding. 相似文献
14.
A wild strawberry strain, Fragaria chiloensis CHI-24-1, produced inflorescences from both parent and asexually propagated daughter plants linked with runners when grown at 23 °C/20 °C (day/night) under a 24 h day-length (DL) of daylight plus nightly lighting by an incandescent lamp, but not under 8 or 16 h DLs. In the present study, the effect of light quality for continuous illuminating at night on floral initiation of CHI-24-1 plants grown under a 24 h DL was examined. The CHI-24-1 plants were grown under a 24 h DL consisting of natural daylight and continuous lighting at night by an incandescent, a blue fluorescent, a red fluorescent or a far-red fluorescent lamp for 40 days in summer and autumn. Also, the CHI-24-1 plants were grown for 40 days in a growth chamber at 25 °C/20 °C (day/night) with natural daylight and continuous lighting at night by red- and four types of far-red light-emitting-diodes (LEDs with peak wavelengths of 660, 700, 735, 780 and 830 nm). In both experiments, floral initiation of the parent and daughter plants was observed under a stereomicroscope. Although more than 50% of the parent and daughter plants initiated flower buds under the incandescent and far-red fluorescent lamps, about 15% and 0% of those initiated flower buds under blue and red fluorescent lamps, respectively. Floral initiation of the parent and daughter plants occurred under the far-red LED light source whose peak wavelength was 735 nm, but not under the red or the other far-red LEDs. From these results, it can be concluded that the effective light wavelength range of nightly continuous illuminating for floral induction in the CHI-24-1 plants is 735 nm in the far-red light region. Hence, the induction of floral initiation by nightly continuous far-red light (735 nm) appeared to be a response mediated by phytochrome. 相似文献
15.
Haploid production using in vitro ovule cultures has long been recognized as an important tool to produce haploid and homozygous double-haploid plants for genetic studies and plant breeding programs. In the present study, four experiments were carried out to study the influence of genotype, position of female flowers on plant stem, temperature and sucrose concentration on the in vitro gynogenesis induction of squash. (1) Ovules of 12 genotypes were excised from female flowers, 1 day before anthesis, and cultured onto MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 1 mg l−1 from each of kinetin and 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid). Differences in response among genotypes were demonstrated. Raad F1 showed the highest percentage of responding ovules and number of plantlets per dish with 48.8% and 15 plants, respectively. The results revealed that genotype is a key factor influencing the in vitro gynogenesis in squash. (2) Ovules were excised from first, second and third female flower of two hybrids (Giad and Raad) and cultured onto the mentioned above medium. The highest percentage of responding ovules and number of plantlets per dish were obtained from ovules excised from the second female flower on the plant stem. (3) Effect of temperature (4 and 32 °C) for 0, 4, 7 and 12 days on the ovule culture of Queen F1 was studied. Ovules incubated at 4 or 32 °C for 4 days produced a better embryogenic response. (4) Three sucrose concentrations (30, 60 and 90 g l−1) were tested with the ovule cultures of the local cultivar (Eskandrani). Differences among sucrose concentrations were statistically significant and ovules cultured on the MS medium containing 30 g l−1 produced the best result. MS medium containing 90 g l−1 did not produce gynogenic ovules. 相似文献
16.
Effects of the commercial product TrichoFlow WP™ (Agrimm Technologies Ltd., New Zealand), based on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, on quality characteristics and yield of bulb onion was investigated. Bulb sets of the local cultivar Kantartopu was planted in soil with in and between row distances of 0.15 m and 0.40 m, respectively. The product, at considerably high dosages of 5 g m−2, 10 g m−2 and 15 g m−2, was mixed with water and sprinkled once to the plots at planting. Analyses of data at harvest did not show statistical significance for Trichoderma effect on total bulb yield, bulb diameter, leaf length, number of shoot apex, %titratable acidity, number of internal (fleshy) leaves, number of external (papery) leaves, %soluble solids and %bulbs with diameters of 20–39 mm, 40–69 mm and ≥70 mm. The yields obtained from the plots treated with the dosages of 5 g m−2, 10 g m−2 and 15 g m−2 and the control plots were 1063.7 kg da−1, 1051.0 kg da−1, 1066.5 kg da−1 and 985.0 kg da−1, respectively. Our results showed that high dosages of the Trichoderma product were not effective in enhancing onion bulb and yield characteristics under the given conditions. 相似文献
17.
Effect of synthetic auxins on fruit size of five cultivars of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)
Most of the Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) cultivars grown in Israel produce relatively small fruit. Application of 2 l solution tree−1 of 25 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DP) as butoxyethyl ester (Power™), 15 mg l−1 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) as free acid (Maxim®), or 25 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 30 mg l−1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.3% Amigo™) at the beginning of pit-hardening, when fruitlet diameter was ca. 22 mm, caused an appreciable and significant increase in fruit size. The yield of large fruit per cv.: ‘Kesselmen’ (100% increase), ‘Songold’ (100%), ‘Black Diamond’ (800%), ‘Royal Diamond’ (160%) and ‘Royal Zee’ (100%). As a result, the total yield of all five cultivars was also increased dramatically. Anatomical studies with ‘Songold’ revealed that the main effect of these synthetic auxins was via direct stimulation of fruit cell enlargement. The above auxins had no negative effect either on fruit quality at harvest (and after 1 week in shelf-life), or on return yield in the following year. 相似文献
18.
The effects of photoperiod (10, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h), day-temperature (12, 15, 18, 24 or 30 °C), the number of short days (14, 21 or 28 days), plant age (4, 8 or 12 weeks) and their interactions on flower and inflorescence emergence were investigated in strawberry cv. Korona. No flowers emerged in plants exposed to photoperiods of 16, 20 or 24 h or to a short-day treatment for 14 days. All plants exposed to short days at daily photoperiods of 10 or 12 h for 21 days or longer, emerged flowers at temperatures between 12 and 18 °C. A further increase in temperature led to a drastic decrease in the total number of flowers per plant. A short-day treatment (10 or 12 h photoperiod) of 28 days resulted in highest numbers of inflorescences and flowers per plant, while a short-day treatment of 21 days resulted in the highest numbers of flowers per inflorescence. Complete flower induction was observed in only 4-week-old runner plants. The number of inflorescences and the number of flowers per inflorescence increased with plant age. However, the start of flowering was delayed with increasing plant age. 相似文献
19.
Flower color chimera and abnormal leaf mutants induced by C heavy ions in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
The effect of 12C6+ heavy ions bombardment on mutagenesis in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl. was studied. Dose–response studies indicated that there was a peak of malformation frequency of S. splendens at 200 Gy. Abnormal leaf mutants of the bileaf, trileaf and tetraleaf conglutination were selected. Meanwhile, a bicolor flower chimera with dark red and fresh red flower was isolated in M1 generation of S. splendens. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated that DNA variations existed among the wild-type, fresh and dark red flower shoots of the chimera. The dark red flower shoots of the chimera were conserved and cultivated at a large-scale through micropropagation. MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimal medium in which the maximum proliferation ratio (5.2-fold) and rooting rate (88%) were achieved after 6 weeks. Our findings provide an important method to improve the ornamental quality of S. splendens. 相似文献
20.
Asiatic hybrid lilies, Lilium × elegans Thunb., ‘Red Carpet’ and ‘Sunray’ were used to investigate the effect of bulb vernalization at 2.5 °C on plant growth, flowering, and CO2 production (respiration), and to use the CO2 production pattern to monitor the time of flower bud initiation and development. Lily shoot emergence and flowering were accelerated when bulbs received 2.5 °C bulb vernalization; however, flowering was delayed when bulbs were stored at 20 °C before treatment at 2.5 °C; this indicated that bulbs were de-vernalized. The maximum CO2 level, and the minimum level, reached in 78 h in non-vernalized bulbs and in 110 h in 6 weeks of 2.5 °C (6 weeks/2.5 °C) treated bulbs, was increased as the 2.5 °C duration was increased; this indicated that CO2 level can be an useful parameter to measure the cold stimulus (i) accumulated in bulbs following bulb vernalization. The respiration rate higher than the predicted values of the best-fit curves derived from the quadratic equations was designated as Blip A and this was correlated to the time of flower bud initiation and development. Shoot elongation may follow the rise in carbon dioxide levels after reaching the minimum level. It is proposed that increased carbon dioxide levels higher than the predicted levels (Blip A), was correlated to the time of flower bud initiation and development. Measurement of carbon dioxide production upon receipt of bulbs may be a useful technique to provide important information for optimum vernalization treatments for bulbs that have accumulated different levels of low temperature stimulus after bulb vernalization. 相似文献