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1.
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) is an active molecule involved in many physiological functions in plants. To characterise the roles of NO in the tolerance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to salt stress, the protective effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, applied at different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mM), on plant biomass, photosynthesis, and anti-oxidant capacity were evaluated. The application of SNP alleviated the suppression of growth in eggplant under salt stress, as reflected by a higher accumulation of biomass. In parallel with growth, the application of SNP to salt-stressed plants resulted in enhanced photosynthetic parameters such as the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), as well as an increased quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), efficiency of excitation capture of open PSII centres (Fv’/Fm’), quantum yield of PSII ( psii) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP). Furthermore, exogenous SNP also reduced significantly the rate of production of O2? – radicals and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. It also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in eggplant leaves grown under salt stress. The results indicated that the protective effects of NO against salt stress in eggplant seedlings were most likely mediated through improvements in photosynthetic performance and the stimulation of anti-oxidant capacity.  相似文献   

2.
研究了水培条件下外源一氧化氮(NO) 对Cu胁迫后番茄幼苗生长及抗氧化酶编码基因mRNA表达的影响。结果表明, 0.5 mmol·L - 1 Cu2+处理使番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜样质量、干样质量明显下降, 抑制了幼苗生长, 外施0.3 mmol·L - 1 SNP (NO供体) 能够缓解Cu2 +对番茄幼苗生长的抑制, 显著增加叶片编码过氧化物酶( POD) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 、超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 基因mRNA的表达量, 而0.1 mmol·L - 1 L-NAME [Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 一氧化氮合成酶(NOS) 抑制剂] 处理的表达量与Cu胁迫处理相比有所减少, 幼苗生长受到更加明显抑制, 表明外源NO可以通过提高抗氧化酶的表达水平而缓解Cu胁迫对番茄幼苗的伤害。  相似文献   

3.
The effects of nickel in combination with salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide (NO) on 21-day-old canola plants were evaluated. Exposure to 0.5 mM NiCl2·6H2O for 10 days resulted in toxicity symptoms such as chlorosis and necrosis at leaves. Addition of 0.2 mM SA or 0.2 mM SNP slightly reduced the toxic effects of nickel. After application of both SA and NO, these symptoms considerably decreased. Treatment with Ni resulted in a decrease in dry weight of roots and shoots and chlorophyll content of leaves. In Ni-treated plants, level of lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and proline contents significantly increased, while the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase decreased in leaves. The results indicated that Ni caused an oxidative stress in canola plants. The Ni-stressed plants exposed to SA or NO, especially to SA + NO, exhibited an improved growth as compared to Ni-treated plants. SA or NO, especially both together considerably reduced root-to-shoot translocation of Ni and increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in leaves of Ni-stressed plants. Interaction of SA and NO improved the chlorophyll content and decreased the level of lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and proline accumulation in leaves. These results suggest that SA or NO in particular their combination counteract the negative effects of Ni on canola plants.  相似文献   

4.
外源NO对高温胁迫下姜叶片活性氧代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
李秀  巩彪  徐坤 《园艺学报》2014,41(2):277-284
为探讨姜对高温胁迫的生理响应特性,采用砂培法,研究了高温对姜叶片活性氧代谢的影响及培养液添加NO供体硝普钠（SNP）缓解高温胁迫的作用。结果表明,高温胁迫显著降低姜叶片色素含量,增加产生速率及H2O2和MDA含量;叶片SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性在高温胁迫初期增强,随胁迫时间延长急剧下降;同时,AsA–GSH循环遭受破坏。外源添加0.1 mmol · L-1 SNP能显著增强姜叶片的抗氧化酶活性,降低叶片ROS水平,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,维持AsA–GSH循环系统的稳定性;降低叶片色素降解,有效缓解高温对姜叶片造成的伤害,增强其耐热性。  相似文献   

5.
以"中农8号"黄瓜为试材,采用营养液水培的方法,通过添加不同浓度(0.1、0.3、0.5mmol·L^-1)的硝普钠(SNP)作为一氧化氮(NO)供体,研究了外源NO对低氧胁迫下黄瓜生长、光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:在低氧胁迫下黄瓜植株的生长、光合作用以及光合系统活性均受抑制,添加不同浓度的SNP,显著促进了低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和光合作用,光合系统活性也得到显著提高,低氧胁迫伤害得到有效缓解,主要表现为株高、茎粗、主根长、根体积、根系活力、地上鲜质量和地下干鲜质量显著提高;幼苗叶片的Pn、Gs和WUE显著提高,Ci显著降低;Fv/Fm、ETR、qP、ΦPSⅡ显著提高,NPQ显著降低。其中最适SNP添加浓度为0.1mmol·L^-1。  相似文献   

6.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and plays a variety of physiological roles in plants. The research on the application of NO to postharvest preservation of flowers and fruits shows great promise in recent years. However, the physiological mechanism of exogenous NO to affect cut flowers is not very clear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous NO on the vase life and physiological basis of Dianthus caryophyllus L. variety ‘Monte’. In the present study, 0.1 mmol L−1 sodium nitroprussiate (SNP) was used as the NO donor, and 5 μmol L−1 methylene blue (MB-1) was used as its scavenger based on the preliminary experiment. We evaluated the physiological index including increase of stem weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and cell protection enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The results showed that exogenous NO could significantly extend the vase life of cut carnation flowers and markedly increase fresh mass. The balance of water metabolism and the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX also showed improvement, while the production of MDA content and LOX activity were obviously decreased. The results suggest that exogenous NO could delay petal wilting in carination cut flowers, maintain water metabolism, the antioxidative enzymes activity and mass-eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as well as cell membrane stability. Moreover, the results indicated that MB-1 had the ability to reverse the active effects of NO on different physiological indexes. Therefore, the vase life of cut carnation flowers was markedly extended by SNP treatment.  相似文献   

7.
 以温室黄瓜品种‘春光2号’为试材, 用100 g·L - 1聚乙二醇处理模拟干旱胁迫, 研究外源过氧化氢是否通过提高叶片抗氧化酶的活性来减轻干旱胁迫对叶绿体膜的伤害。结果表明: 干旱胁迫处理48 h后, 叶绿体肿胀变圆, 叶绿体膜和类囊体模糊不清。与干旱胁迫前没有经过预处理的幼苗相比, 经外源过氧化氢预处理后再干旱胁迫48 h的幼苗中大部分的叶绿体结构正常, 叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱苷肽还原酶等抗氧化物酶的活性以及抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱苷肽的含量明显增高, 内源过氧化氢含量、超氧阴离子的产生速率和丙二醛的含量则显著降低。所以, 外源过氧化氢预处理能够提高抗氧化物的活性,降低活性氧的积累, 从而缓解干旱对黄瓜叶绿体膜的伤害。  相似文献   

8.
Summary

Abiotic stresses are becoming more prevalent as the intensity of agriculture and the demand for farmable land increase. Night-time temperature is one of the major environmental factors that influence plant metabolic processes. The permeability of cell membranes, levels of osmoregulatory substances, reproductive flowering stage, growth rate, and total anti-oxidant capacities of leaves were investigated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Liaoyuanduoli’) plants exposed to a low night-time temperature (LNT) of 9ºC or to an ambient night-time temperature (ANT) of 15ºC, with or without exogenous foliar spray treatment with acetyl salicylic acid (acetyl-SA). Three applications of 1.0 ml of 0.4 mM acetyl-SA made to 4-week-old tomato seedlings at 5 d intervals reduced the decline in fruit yield in the first and second fruit clusters due to LNT treatment by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing proline concentrations and total anti-oxidant capacity in tomato leaves. Under LNT stress, lipid peroxidation, measured in terms of MDA content, and hence membrane permeability were reduced by 0.4 mM acetyl-SA treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities were increased by 0.4 mM acetyl-SA treatment. The accumulation of superoxide free radicals (O2 ?–) was inhibited, but H2O2 concentrations were increased by 0.4 mM acetyl-SA treatment. These results suggest that acetyl-SA could be used as a growth regulator to improve fruit yields and the tolerance of tomato plants exposed to LNT stress.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of brassinosteroid (BR) on relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (PN), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), lipid peroxidation level, activities of antioxidant enzymes and abscisic acid concentration (ABA) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings under water stress was investigated. Two tomato genotypes, Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant notabilis (not), were used. Water stress was achieved by withholding water and both the AC and not plants were treated with 1 μM 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) or distilled water as a control. The RWC, gs, Ci and PN were significantly decreased under water stress. However, EBR treatment significantly alleviated water stress and increased the RWC and PN. EBR application also markedly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) while it decreased gs, Ci and the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). Interestingly, ABA concentration in AC and not plants was markedly elevated after EBR treatment although the increasing rate and amplitude of ABA in not plants treated by EBR was significantly lower than those in AC plants. Our study suggested that amelioration of the drought stress of tomato seedlings may be caused by EBR-induced elevation of endogenous ABA concentration and/or the activities of antioxidant enzymes.  相似文献   

10.
以兼性景天酸代谢(CAM)植物霍山石斛为材料,研究强光胁迫条件下,外源NO对其叶绿素荧光和抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明： 0. 1 mmol·L-1硝普钠(SNP)处理提高了石斛光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的光能转换效率和潜在活性,增加了过剩光能的非光化学耗散,缓解了光抑制的发生,同时通过增强抗氧化系统的活性氧清除能力,有效保护了光合机构免受强光胁迫的伤害,PSⅡ反应中心得以较快恢复。而经0.5 mmol·L-1SNP处理后,霍山石斛的光能转换系统未能通过有效的光能转换和非光化学反应耗散过剩的光能,降低了抗氧化系统中SOD、POD和CAT的活性,加剧了PSⅡ反应中心光抑制的发生。  相似文献   

11.
李翠  冯新新  张治平  孙新娥  汪良驹 《园艺学报》2012,39(10):1937-1948
 YHem1是一个由拟南芥HemA1启动子（一种光响应型启动子）控制的酿酒酵母菌5–氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）合酶基因（Hem1）。将该基因转化番茄植株,可以提高叶片内源ALA含量及其代谢能力,增加叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,并降低产生速率和丙二醛（MDA）含量。200 mmol ·L-1 NaCl处理,降低了野生型番茄叶片ALA合成与代谢能力和叶绿素含量,同时诱导叶片产生速率、H2O2和丙二醛（MDA）含量上升,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等抗氧化酶活性则逐渐降低。盐胁迫也导致转YHem1番茄ALA合成与代谢能力、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性下降,但其降幅明显低于野生型。盐处理10 d后,转基因番茄植株保持着较高的生物学积累量和较低的盐胁迫抑制程度,说明转入YHem1基因可以提高番茄耐盐性。此外,转基因番茄叶片H2O2含量始终保持较高水平,暗示其可能作为一种信号分子参与细胞生理调节。  相似文献   

12.
 以苹果悬浮细胞为试材,以硝普钠(SNP)为一氧化氮(NO)供体,L-NAA(Nx-nitro-L- arginine)为一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂,PTIO(2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl- 3-oxide)为NO清除剂,研究了茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理苹果悬浮细胞诱发NO和H2O2信号分子及其对PAL酶活性、植保素和丙二醛(MDA)的影响。结果表明,MeJA处理能明显诱发NO生成,在处理6 h时NO生成量达到峰值,而L-NAA和PTIO则能够抑制NO生成。另外,MeJA处理也显著提高了细胞内的H2O2水平,而SNP单独处理不能提高H2O2水平。在各种处理中,PAL活性以及植保素和MDA含量均表现出先升后降趋势,分别在4 h或6 h时达到峰值。本研究结果揭示了MeJA可以激发NO生成,而细胞内H2O2水平的提高则是MeJA和NO协同作用的结果,植保素和MDA含量以及PAL活性的提高主要受NO的诱导,但也存在其它诱导途径。  相似文献   

13.
The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H2O2 and O2•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.  相似文献   

14.
姜倩倩  汪承建 《中国果菜》2020,(4):48-52,87
以设施栽培面积较大的黄瓜为材料,研究了外源硫化氢(H2S)和一氧化氮(NO)对硝酸盐胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,硝酸钙胁迫抑制了黄瓜种子的萌发和幼苗的生长,加入H2S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)或NO供体硝普钠(SNP)均能有效缓解硝酸钙胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用,使种子萌发率提高,根系长度、根尖数、表面积和活力增加,胚轴长度增加,叶片叶绿素含量提高,幼苗鲜质量增加;并且加入NaHS和SNP共同处理时,二者对硝酸钙伤害的缓解作用有叠加效应。因此,可通过外源添加SNP和NaHS提高黄瓜的耐硝酸盐胁迫能力。  相似文献   

15.
采用营养液水培试验,研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对盐胁迫下山葡萄‘双丰’1a生扦插苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:外源NO提高了盐胁迫下山葡萄叶片PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了PSⅡ的激发能压力(1-qP);另外,在一定程度上提高了盐胁迫下最大潜在电子传递速率(rETRm)、半饱和光强(Ik)和快速光曲线的初始斜率(α)。表明外源NO通过减少过剩激发能的压力,提高了光合电子传递效率,减轻不可逆光抑制,进而缓解盐胁迫对山葡萄光合机构的伤害,提高其耐盐性。  相似文献   

16.
一氧化氮在吲哚丁酸诱导平邑甜茶幼苗侧根形成中的作用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
高华君  杨洪强  张伟 《园艺学报》2008,35(2):157-162
本实验以平邑甜茶（Malus hupenhensis Rehd.）实生苗为材料,研究了一氧化氮（NO）对侧根的诱导效果、吲哚丁酸（IBA）对根系内源NO含量的影响以及NO在 IBA诱导侧根形成中的作用。结果表明,外源NO能够促进平邑甜茶侧根的形成与生长,并有明显的剂量效应,其中10 μmol/L NO供体硝普钠（SNP）处理后新根最长,50 μmol/L SNP处理后新根数量最多。100 μmol/L IBA处理后15~30 min和48~96 h,幼苗根系NO生成量出现两次显著升高,而IBA处理96 h后侧根原基数量大量增加。此外,蛋白激酶抑制剂Quercetin明显抑制IBA对NO的诱导。  相似文献   

17.
  相似文献   

18.
以硝普钠(SNP)为外源NO供体,研究NO对辣椒种子萌发的影响。结果表明:硝普钠对辣椒种子萌发的影响为低浓度时有促进作用,高浓度时抑制。3个品种中,硝普钠对洛椒新五号的促进作用最大,124牛角椒次之,改良牛角椒最低。NO对辣椒种子萌发的影响在0.3~0.5 mmol/L时最大。  相似文献   

19.
In order to examine whether paraquat modifies the functioning of antioxidants and oxidative stress levels in drought-stressed plants, a cucumber cultivar (Cucumis sativus cv. Yuexiu no. 3) was grown hydroponically for 2 days. Drought stress, which was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), increased the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cucumber leaves, while pretreatment of paraquat decreased them. Under drought stress induced by PEG, we observed the decreased contents of MDA, H2O2 and O2− in paraquat-pretreated plants in comparison to unpretreated stressed plants. Drought stress and paraquat both increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced ascorbate (AsA). But the combined effect of paraquat application and drought stress resulted in the highest activities of antioxidants. So paraquat is able to moderate the activities of scavenging system enzymes and to influence oxidative stress intensity under drought stress induced by PEG.  相似文献   

20.
采用水培法,以耐盐能力较弱的番茄品种江蔬14号为试验材料,研究了盐胁迫下不同种类、不同浓度外源多胺对番茄幼苗生长及质膜透性 的影响。结果表明：100 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫12 d,番茄幼苗的株高相对生长率、主根长相对生长率及植株的干质量、鲜质量降低,叶片质膜透性 增加;喷施外源多胺可以缓解盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用,其中100 mg·L-1 Spd、100 mg·L-1 Spm和150 mg·L-1 Put作用效果最为明显。  相似文献   

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