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1.
以红色砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)品种美人酥和云红梨1号为试材,以套袋处理(果袋类型、去袋方式和去袋时间组合成10个不同的套袋处理)为手段研究了果实着色过程中外观和解剖结构的变化。结果表明,红色砂梨的着色需要有高强度的光照。生长过程中套有不透光袋的果实临近成熟时,只有完全曝光才能大量合成花青苷,而且在很短的时间内(大约2周)果实着色面积、着色程度即可优于对照(不套袋处理)。红色砂梨着色是从果实向阳的一侧先开始,且以果点为中心呈放射状向四周扩展,至采收时果实阳面红色能够均匀分布,但整个果面色泽很难一致。解剖结构分析表明果面呈红色是因为果皮中紧邻表皮层的3～4层细胞存在红色细胞(含有花青苷),在果实着色过程中这些红色细胞数目不断增多,同时细胞内色素浓度不断增大。云红梨1号合成花青苷的能力明显优于美人酥,果实着色更鲜艳。解剖学观察发现云红梨1号的表皮细胞层也含有红色细胞。  相似文献   

2.
The effect of strain on fruit colour development, chromaticity values and anthocyanin content, fruit quality and consumer acceptance was evaluated on eight ‘Gala’ apple strains (Malus domestica Borkh.) at the IRTA (Spain), during a period from 4 weeks before to 1 week after commercial harvest. Based on fruit colour, measured with a Minolta CR-200 portable tristimulus colorimeter, and anthocyanin content, the most coloured strains were ‘Royal Beaut’, ‘Buckeye Gala’ (both semistriped) and ‘Ruby Gala’ (blushed). ‘Brookfield’ and ‘Schniga’ (both striped) provided an intermediate level of colour, while ‘Galaxy’ and ‘Mondial Gala’ (both striped) were the least coloured ones. The most important increase in colour development was recorded from 2 weeks before the commercial harvest and continued also increasing after harvest. Highly coloured strains developed a red colour on both fruit sides with greater average of fruit surface coloured, while the less coloured strains exhibited different colouration between sides, more bicolour fruits and lower average of fruit coloured.  相似文献   

3.
Sunburn on apples in the Western Cape region of South Africa can result in yield losses of up to 50%. Application of kaolin-based particle film (Surround® WP) increases leaf and fruit surface reflectivity, thus potentially reducing heat load and sunburn. Trials were performed during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to assess the effectiveness of kaolin particle film in controlling sunburn on ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Braeburn’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples. Fruit quality and ripening were monitored following 1–4 months in regular atmosphere cold storage at −0.5 °C. Sunburn on exposed fruit was significantly reduced in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Fuji’. Kaolin treatment improved fruit colour of ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Royal Gala’, and delayed starch conversion in ‘Granny Smith’ at harvest and during the early storage period but not thereafter. Incidence of watercore at harvest was significantly reduced by kaolin treatment, but this disorder disappeared during cold storage in both treatments. There were no effects on skin anthocyanin or phenolic concentrations in any cultivar compared to unsprayed fruit.  相似文献   

4.
In addition to managing soil-borne diseases in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) production, grafting with resistant rootstocks may impact fruit quality. The ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been shown to extend shelf life of fresh muskmelon fruit. Postharvest characteristics of 1-MCP-treated melon fruit as affected by grafting, however, have not been well examined. This study was conducted to explore the influence of grafting with different rootstocks on ripening and quality attributes of 1-MCP-treated muskmelon fruit during postharvest storage. Grafted ‘Athena’ muskmelon with two commercial squash interspecific hybrid rootstocks including ‘Strong Tosa’ and ‘Tetsukabuto’ as well as non-grafted and self-grafted ‘Athena’ were grown in replicated field plots at the University of Florida Plant Science Research and Education Unit (Citra, FL, USA) during April–June 2010. Half-slip fruit from two harvests were treated with 1.0 μL L−1 1-MCP (18 h, 20 °C) and analyzed during storage at 13 °C. For fruit from the 27 May harvest, whole fruit and mesocarp firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and ascorbic acid content were measured, while production of ethylene and CO2 was determined on fruit from the 29 June harvest. Grafting did not show a significant impact on fruit yield but affected the fruit shelf life significantly. Fruit from non-grafted ‘Athena’ and ‘Athena’ grafted onto ‘Strong Tosa’ demonstrated a shelf life of 31 d for the first harvest and 22 d for the second harvest. Shelf life of fruit from self-grafted ‘Athena’ and ‘Athena’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ declined by 6 d and 3 d for the first and second harvest, respectively. Whole fruit firmness decreased by approximately 15.5% on average from 13 to 31 d except day 19 as a result of grafting, but to a lesser extent with ‘Strong Tosa’ rootstock. Mesocarp firmness of grafted melon was reduced by about 30.2% at days 13 and 19 compared to non-grafted ‘Athena’ fruit. In contrast, titratable acidity, soluble solid content, and ascorbic acid concentration were less affected by grafting. All the measurements except for ethylene and CO2 production declined during storage regardless of the grafting treatment. Compared with ‘Strong Tosa’ rootstock, ‘Tetsukabuto’ resulted in a more rapid ripening under 1-MCP application, as reflected by earlier increase in ethylene production and higher respiratory rate. The study demonstrates that grafting effects on postharvest ripening and quality of ‘Athena’ muskmelon can vary markedly with rootstocks used.  相似文献   

5.
5–氨基乙酰丙酸促进桃果皮提前着色机制研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
 在‘早白花’桃果实着色前,用300、100和50 mg · L-1的5–氨基乙酰丙酸（5-aminolevulinic acid,ALA）溶液涂布果实。结果表明：ALA处理可促进果皮提前着色,促使果实提前成熟,且以300 mg · L-1效果最为明显,比对照早约5 d。ALA处理还显著促进了UFGT、DFR、LDOX和CHS的提前表达,并且基因表达水平与花色素苷的积累趋势具有很好的一致性。据此推测ALA可能参与了桃果实成熟以及花色素苷合成的调控,对果皮花色素苷提前合成具有促进作用。  相似文献   

6.
An apple orchard consisting of a single cultivar under the condition of natural pollination must have suitable pollinizers such as Crab apples to ensure stable fruit production. We selected ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’ as pollinizers for the cultivar ‘Fuji’, and investigated the rate of fruit and seeds in ‘Fuji’ fruits produced by pollen of the pollinizers. We developed a method for tracing pollen flow based on the leaf color of progeny and S-RNase allele of ‘Maypole’, and on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analyses of ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’. These were powerful tools for determining the distance insects (mainly Osmia cornifrons) carry pollen from the pollinizers to ‘Fuji’. Although the fruit set of ‘Fuji’ apples was not reduced with increasing distance between ‘Fuji’ apple trees and pollinizers (probably due to pollen flow from other commercial cultivars planted outside the area), the rate of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit produced by the pollen of the pollinizers decreased with increasing distance. The rate of fruit produced by the pollinizers was 84% and 77% when ‘Fuji’ was 2.5 m from ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’, respectively, and 71% and 64% when ‘Fuji’ was 5 m from ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’, respectively, but was reduced to 47% and 39% when ‘Fuji’ was 10 m from ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’, respectively. However, the spacing could cause reduced fruit size, and require extra fruit thinning for producing large fruits. It could also cause reduction of the yield for increasing the planting area of pollinizers. We recommend that pollinizers should be planted not more than 10 m from ‘Fuji’.  相似文献   

7.
以大石早生李为试材,研究了不同颜色的果袋对李(Prunus salicina Lindl.)果实外观色泽、花色素苷含量的影响,并探讨了果实中糖酸含量、PAL(苯丙氨酸氨解酶)和UFGT(类黄酮葡糖苷转移酶)酶活性与花色素苷合成的关系。结果表明,果袋的透光率与果皮外观色泽有密切关系,透光率越高,a*越大,果皮颜色越红。白色果袋与对照、红袋与黄袋果实外观无显著差异,白袋与红袋,黑袋(完全不透光)与黄袋,红袋与黄袋处理之间的果实外观色泽存在显著差异。果实成熟时果皮中花色素苷含量与纸袋的透光率呈正比,波长580nm以上橙、红光的透光率与果皮中花色素苷含量相关系数r>0.99。在不同颜色果袋影响果实成熟时果皮的糖酸积累方面:不同颜色果袋对果肉中糖酸含量无显著影响,果皮的糖含量与花色素苷含量亦无显著相关性,但成熟时果皮中酸含量与花色素苷含量呈显著正相关(r=0.9815*)。不同颜色果袋影响PAL、UFGT酶活性,果实成熟时不同果袋PAL酶活性与花色素苷含量相关性显著(r=0.9613*),UFGT酶活性与花色素苷含量相关性显著(r=0.9365*)。  相似文献   

8.
The quali-quantitative distribution of phenolic compounds varies considerably between apple flesh and peel, but the concentration of phenolics is substantially higher in the peel than flesh. Because the peel comprises only a small percentage of the entire fruit weight, its significance as a donor of phenolics is disputable. We assessed the contribution of the peel to the total phenolic yield of 19 apple cultivars. Calculations were based on the weight of the whole fruit and the peel (which is frequently discarded) and the concentration of individual phenolic compounds. On average, 8, 24, 32, 50 and 66% of chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, phloridzin, and rutin, respectively, were present in the peel, which constitutes about 6–8% of the whole apple weight. With the exception of chlorogenic acid, 50% or more, on average, of the above phenolics were present in the peel of ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Idared’, ‘Red Rome’, ‘Jonamac’ and ‘Gloster’ apples; the highest percentage was found in ‘Starking Delicious’ apple peel (82%). The lowest peel contribution to total phenolic content per whole apple ranged between 26 and 29% and was observed in ‘Pilot’, ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Prima’ apples. Presented results may be useful for further investigations of the relationship between phenolics and agronomical parameters or future selection of apple genotypes having improved nutritional quality when consumed as fresh or as processed apple products.  相似文献   

9.
Relationships between strawberry fruit quality attributes and crop load   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Crop load can influence fruit quality in several horticultural species. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of calcium on crop quality traits in three short-day strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars (‘Ventana’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Candonga’) and to assess the relationships between crop load and quality parameters. The studies were conducted using a hydroponic system in a greenhouse. Calcium was added as Ca(NO3)2 at 2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM and 5 mM. A completely randomized block design (4 Ca concentrations × 3 cultivars) with three replicates was used. Each replicate consisted of 12 plants grown in polyethylene bags (100 cm × 18 cm × 3 cm) filled with coconut peat. Titratable acidity, total soluble solids and firmness were measured throughout the experimental period. Calcium application had no effect on fruit quality attributes but the genotype effect was clear. At the end of the experiment (28th May, 2008), titratable acidity was positively related to the fresh weight of above-ground biomass and number of leaves respectively in the ‘Ventana’ and ‘Camarosa’ cultivars. Higher values of total soluble solids were found at low crop load in ‘Ventana’ but in ‘Camarosa’ this relation was not found. In ‘Candonga’, higher total soluble solids were linked to crop load. In ‘Ventana’, titratable acidity significantly decreased as crop load increased, and in ‘Camarosa’ high values of titratable acidity were found at different values of crop load. ‘Ventana’ seemed to be more sensitive to the effects of crop load patterns. Genotype was an important factor in determining fruit quality parameters.  相似文献   

10.
To elucidate the fate of photosynthates from different current shoots and their influence on fruit growth and bud differentiation in neighboring spur complex during the period of rapid fruit growth in two late-maturing Japanese pear cultivars: ‘Atago’ and ‘Shinkou’ with contrasting fruit size, 13C labeling of single shoot was done to investigate of C-relations in fruit branches of eight shoot-combinations. The results showed that all of the current shoots investigated (bourse shoots of nonfruiting spur, bourse shoots of fruiting spur, extension shoot, nonfruiting spur, vegetative shoot, and water sprout) could export photosynthates to the neighboring fruit and buds. Water sprouts together with vegetative shoots, bourse shoots, and extension shoots are important source for fruit growth after shoot growth termination during the period of rapid fruit growth in production of late-maturing pears. The carbon transfer rate from the neighboring to the fruit bearing spur is depent (i) on the types of shoot which acts as C source, (ii) on the position of the fruiting spur and (iii) on the source-sink distance. Furthermore, the cultivar difference in carbon partitioning from different current shoot-combinations confirmed that the movement of photosynthates into the fruit was determined by sink strength of the fruit, and ‘Atago’ exhibited a greater relative sink strength of fruit than ‘Shinkou’. In addition, vegetative shoots are very important C sources for fruit growth in ‘Atago’ and the growth pattern of bourse shoot seriously affects C allocated to fruit in ‘Shinkou’.  相似文献   

11.
The citriculture in Brazil, as well as in other important regions in the world, is based on very few mandarin cultivars. This fact leads to a short harvest period and higher prices for off-season fruit. The ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is among the earliest ripening mandarin cultivars, and it is considered to be tolerant to citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al.) and to citrus variegated chlorosis (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.). Despite having regular fruit quality under hot climate conditions, the early fruit maturation and absence of seeds of ‘Okitsu’ fruits are well suited for the local market in the summer (December through March), when the availability of citrus fruits for fresh consumption is limited. Yet, only a few studies have been conducted in Brazil on rootstocks for ‘Okitsu’. Consequently, a field trial was carried out in Bebedouro, São Paulo State, to evaluate the horticultural performance of ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma mandarin budded onto 12 rootstocks: the citrandarin ‘Changsha’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) × Poncirus trifoliata ‘English Small’; the hybrid Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) × ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macfad.); the trifoliates (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.) ‘Rubidoux’, ‘FCAV’ and ‘Flying Dragon’ (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa); the mandarins ‘Sun Chu Sha Kat’ (C. reticulata Blanco) and ‘Sunki’ (Citrus sunki (Hayata) Hort. ex. Tanaka); the Rangpur limes (C. limonia Osbeck) ‘Cravo Limeira’ and ‘Cravo FCAV’; ‘Carrizo’ citrange (Citrus sinensis × P. trifoliata), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata × C. paradisi), and ‘Orlando’ tangelo (C. paradisi × Citrus tangerina cv. ‘Dancy’). The experimental grove was planted in 2001, using a 6 m × 3 m spacing, in a randomized block design. No supplementary irrigation was applied. Fruit yield, canopy volume, and fruit quality were assessed for each rootstock. A cluster multivariate analysis identified three different rootstock pairs with similar effects on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Okitsu’ mandarin. The ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate had a unique effect over the ‘Okitsu’ trees performance, inducing lower canopy volume and higher yield efficiency and fruit quality, and might be suitable for high-density plantings. The ‘Cravo Limeira’ and ‘Cravo FCAV’ Rangpur limes induced early-ripening of fruits, with low fruit quality. ‘Sun Chu Sha Kat’ and ‘Sunki’ mandarins and the ‘Orlando’ tangelo conferred lower yield efficiency and less content of soluble solids for the latter rootstock.  相似文献   

12.
对4种不同材质的果袋,进行套袋微域生境及果实着色试验,结果表明,双层内红袋处理昼夜温差较大,9月18—21日和10月上旬晴天条件下,分别比对照高5.8℃和4.8℃;塑膜袋和双层纸袋保湿性较好,在晴热干燥、空气湿度过低时,可减轻相对湿度胁迫;双层纸袋遮光严重,晴天14:00双层内红袋和双层内黑袋袋内光辐射只有对照的0.8%和0.4%。不同套袋材料形成不同的微环境,对柿果着色产生不同的影响,双层内红处理果实着色最好,其次为双层内黑,其他处理与对照差异较小,9月25日调查,双层内红果皮色为N25B,对照为163B;10月15日双层内红为33A,对照为N25B。对甜柿果皮进行色素分析,发现不同处理柿果生长后期类胡萝卜素含量均提高,套纸袋处理降低果皮类胡萝卜素含量;双层纸袋处理后期类黄酮含量增加,其他处理及对照则降低,成熟期双层内红的果皮类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量分别比对照降低0.017 8 mg·g-1和0.070 6 mg·g-1。  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the present study was to elucidate how fruit growth was limited by the source and sink capacities in a Japanese (‘Momotaro York’) and a Dutch (‘Dundee’) tomato cultivar. The two cultivars were grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in greenhouses for 25 weeks, and the growth characteristics and sink strength of fruit were determined. Fruits were pruned to four (4F) or one (1F) per truss. The latter were used to determine potential fruit growth, an indicator of fruit sink strength. Growth was also determined under normal (LC) and enriched (HC, 700 μmol mol−1) CO2 concentrations to examine the effect of source enhancement on fruit production. In both cultivars under normal CO2, the growth rate of fruit pruned to 4F per truss was lower than that in 1F, indicating that maximum potential fruit growth was not achieved. Under HC conditions, fruit growth rate of ‘Dundee’ achieved in 4F trusses was lower than that in 1F. In ‘Momotaro York’ in HC, fruit growth in 4F trusses was close to potential. This implies that fruit growth was source-limited irrespective of CO2 concentrations in ‘Dundee’ cultivar while fruit growth in ‘Momotaro York’ under normal and enriched CO2 conditions was limited by source and sink strengths, respectively. Adjustments of cultural practices including increasing fruit number per truss and/or genetic approaches to enhancing fruit sink strength by breeding may improve fruit yields of Japanese cultivars under high source/sink conditions.  相似文献   

14.
Covering apple orchards with nets protects them from hailstorms but this changes the amount and quality of the light supplied to the trees. This study was carried out to assess the effects of shade provided by white protection net on yield and fruit quality of apple orchards in Southern Brazil, along three growing seasons (2002/2003, 2003/2004, and 2004/2005). ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apple trees (on MM111 rootstock, raised as slender spindles, with a spacing of 5.5 m × 3 m) were left uncovered (control trees) or covered with white net. The white net reduced the photosynthetically active radiation (λ = 400–700 nm) accumulated over the trees’ canopy along a day by 18.4%, leading to a higher leaf chlorophyll content in both cultivars, and a higher specific leaf area in ‘Gala’. The shade provided by the net did not affect yield and increased fruit average weight in both cultivars. At harvest, the number of seeds per fruit and severity of russet were not affected by netting in both cultivars, as well as the incidence of watercore in ‘Fuji’. The main beneficial effects of the white net were the reduced incidence of sunburn on ‘Gala’, reduced incidence of bitter pit during cold storage in both cultivars, and reduced incidence of apple scab at harvest and of decay after cold storage in ‘Fuji’. Fruit fly damage in ‘Gala’ (assessed in one season) was reduced by netting. However, netting affected negatively some fruit quality attributes. ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples from trees protected by the net had a poor skin color (pale blush and a more intense green background color) at harvest. The net reduced flesh firmness and SSC, and increased the starch index of ‘Gala’ apples at harvest, and reduced flesh firmness and SSC, assessed after cold storage and shelf life, in fruits of both cultivars.  相似文献   

15.
Date palms growing in hot arid regions are generally facing several kinds of environmental stresses which limit tree growth and productivity and negatively affect fruit quality. During 2009 and 2010 seasons, the effects of 5-aminolevulininc acid (5-ALA) application at different rates on yield, fruit quality, pigment contents and nutrient uptake of ‘Rabia’ and ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ date palm cultivars were studied. In both cultivars, the application of 5-ALA significantly increased bunch weight and yield per tree compared to control. The highest bunch weight and yield per tree was achieved by 5-ALA at 200 ppm followed by 250 ppm applied on both fruit bunches and leaves. These were reflected on higher fruit and flesh weight and fruit length, at the bisir and rutab stages. However, the application of 5-ALA at 250 ppm only on fruit bunches without leaves significantly increased bunch weight and yield per tree compared to control only in ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ but not in ‘Rabia’ cultivar. There were significant interaction effects between treatments and seasons on bunch weight and yield in ‘Rabia’ but not in ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ cultivar. The rutab % was not significantly affected by any of the applied treatments and it was higher in 2009 than in 2010 season in ‘Rabia’, however, the opposite was true in ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ cultivar. Most of the physical parameters of fruit quality at both the bisir and rutab stages were significantly improved in both cultivars by 5-ALA application compared to control, in contrast to the biochemical parameters that were not affected. In both cultivars, chlorophyll a concentration significantly increased by 5-ALA application especially at 200 and 250 ppm on both leaves and fruits compared to control. While chlorophyll b concentration was not significantly affected by the 5-ALA application, total chlorophyll concentration was significantly higher at 250 ppm 5-ALA application than control in both cultivars. There were no significant differences among the different rates of 5-ALA application. Chlorophyll a/b ratio was not significantly affected by 5-ALA application compared to control. The concentrations of N, P and K in the leaves of both cultivars were not significantly affected by the 5-ALA application compared to control. It was concluded that 5-ALA application has promotive effects on yield, fruit quality and chlorophyll concentration of both ‘Rabia’ and ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ date palms under hot arid climate.  相似文献   

16.
The poor red blush development on ‘Cripps Pink’ (Malus x domestica Borkh.) apple fruit at commercial maturity (CM) reduces the economic return to apple growers in warmer regions of the world. The effects of delayed harvest maturity up to 6 weeks following CM on the development of red blush and fruit quality of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple were investigated at two locations in Western Australia during 2003 and 2004. The red blush, export-grade fruit, total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and epicatechin of apple fruit skin tissues increased with advancement of harvest maturity at both locations in both years, whereas hue angle, concentration of phloridzin, fruit firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) of apple fruit tissues decreased with delayed harvest. The internal ethylene concentration was elevated with the delayed harvest. The concentrations of quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and quercetin 3-glucoside increased up to 2 weeks following CM, and then declined in 2003 at both locations and at Perth Hills in 2004. Delayed harvest resulted in improved development of red blush on the fruit surface, accumulation of total anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin glycosides in fruit skin, SSC:TA ratio and reduced fruit firmness possibly due to the increased ethylene production.  相似文献   

17.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of plants. To study the metabolism of endogenous NO in growth and development of apple fruit under normal physiological conditions, the changes of several relative components of NO metabolism including the contents of NO, l-arginine, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) and nitrite plus nitrate, the activities of l-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitrate reductase (NR) were analyzed using vegetal ‘Gold Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ apples as tested materials. The endogenous NO and l-arginine contents, as well as the l-arginine-dependent NOS activity in young fruit reached the highest value. The NOS activity was dependent on l-arginine and β-NADPH, and inhibited by a well known NOS inhibitor. The NR activity in apple fruit had not been detected. Endogenous NO production depended on l-arginine-dependent NOS but not NR. The content of RSNOs tended to peak in the fruit enlarging period and then declined. Similarly, the nitrate content increased in early stage of fruit growth, but in late stage, it undulated greatly. Compared to RSNOs and nitrate, the change of nitrite content was in accordance with that of endogenous NO. In general, RSNOs and nitrite could reflect the removal mechanism of NO relatively well.  相似文献   

18.
Blueberry fruit growth commonly exhibits a double-sigmoid pattern. The goal of this work was to characterize and compare fruit growth of cultivars differing in ripening time using exponential non-linear mixed models. Mixed-effects five-parameter exponential (Gompertz I and II; logistic; monomolecular) models were fitted to fruit diameter data from 2 years and three cultivars grown in the field in a cool temperate environment. Gompertz II mixed model provided the best fit to fruit growth data and was used for further analysis. In later ripening cultivars ‘Cape Fear’ and ‘Herbert’, clear-cut double-sigmoid patterns were observed, absolute growth rate models exhibited two marked peaks, and relative growth rate showed an initial decreasing trend, and a subsequent peak. The earlier cv. ‘O’Neal’ did not exhibit a defined double-sigmoid pattern. The time between relative extremes of absolute growth acceleration is proposed as an objective criterion for fixing stage boundaries within growth curves. Exponential mixed models accurately fitted blueberry growth patterns. These equations highlighted differences in fruit growth patterns between early and late ripening highbush blueberry cultivars.  相似文献   

19.
Citrus creasing results in serious economic loss in many citrus orchards. Based on the different incidence of creasing, two sweet orange cultivars ‘Hong Jiang’ (grafting chimaera of which flesh is mostly from Citrus reticulata Blanco and peel is from Citrus sinensis Osbeck in) and ‘An Liu’ (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were used to investigate the creasing rate. The ultrastructure in cellular wall, cellular wall component, cellular wall degradation-related enzymes and expansin (Ct-Exp1) of sweet orange during fruit ripening in field were comparatively analyzed. ‘Hong Jiang’ sweet orange had a higher creasing rate than ‘An Liu’ during ripening. The activities of polygalacturonase, cellulase and pectinesterase in cellular wall of ‘Hong Jiang’ increased more markedly compared with ‘An Liu’. The increases in the content of soluble pectin, ionically associated pectin, covalently bound pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose of ‘Hong Jiang’ were higher than those of ‘An Liu’. Furthermore, the enhanced degradation of the ultrastructure in the albedo cellular walls was observed in ‘Hong Jiang’. Moreover, the northern blot analysis indicated that the Ct-Exp1 gene expressed more strongly in peel of ‘Hong Jiang’ than ‘An Liu’ during fruit ripening. These data suggest that enhanced loss of pectin and cellulose in the cellular walls of peel tissue of sweet orange could result in fruit creasing.  相似文献   

20.
In this work we report the cloning and identification of S-RNase alleles responsible for gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) of ‘Rocha’ pear and of 13 other European pear cultivars that might be used as its pollinators. Partial sequences of S-RNase alleles were amplified by PCR with specific primers hybridising in conserved regions of previously identified S-RNase alleles of Pyrus communis, cloned and sequenced and the S-genotype of eight pear cultivars was fully determined. Three cultivars (‘General Léclerc’ (SqSl), ‘Tosca’ (SbSl) and ‘Alexandrine Douillard’ (SbSk)) shared no S-alleles with ‘Rocha’ (SaSe) and shall be totally compatible with this cultivar. None of the cultivars analysed showed an identical amplification pattern to the one observed in ‘Rocha’, so the other cultivars shall be at least semi-compatible. One new allele was identified in P. communis cv. ‘Beurré d’Avril’ (designated as St). The determination of both S-RNase alleles of cvs ‘Rocha’, ‘Beurré Precoce Morettini’ (SeSk) and ‘Tosca’ and the identification of one S-RNase allele in cvs ‘Carapinheira’ (Sb), ‘Amêndoa’ (Se), ‘Pérola’ (Sk) and ‘Beurré d’Avril’ (St) are important contributions for the effort recently developed worldwide to establish groups of sexual compatibility among European pears.  相似文献   

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