共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
野生二粒小麦(Triticum turgidum ssp.dicoccoides)是普通小麦的四倍体祖先种,具有广泛的基因型变异,是改良普通小麦的重要种质资源。本研究对不同年份和地点四个环境下的161份野生二粒小麦渗入系材料的株高、分蘖数、小穗数、抽穗期、开花期和千粒重进行表型鉴定,并利用覆盖全基因组的13,116个DArT标记对各农艺性状进行全基因组关联分析,以期发掘性状显著关联标记及相关候选基因。本研究共检测到147个与6个农艺性状相关的稳定标记。其中,一些关联标记与抽穗期和开花期同时相关,并且在2B染色体上聚集成簇。在野生二粒小麦渗入系群体中共推定了21个与农艺性状相关的候选基因,其中位于7A染色体与千粒重显著相关的候选基因与细胞周期蛋白有关。这些标记和候选基因可为克隆优异农艺性状相关基因提供重要信息,从而为野生二粒小麦在普通小麦背景中的遗传改良综合利用提供依据与指导。 相似文献
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随着测序技术的发展,主要麻类作物(黄麻、红麻、苎麻、亚麻和工业大麻)参考基因组从2011年至2020年陆续完成测序,这标志着麻类作物科学已经进入基因组时代。文章首先详细概述主要麻类作物基因组测序。其次,评述了基于基因组学的麻类作物重要应用价值基因挖掘。基于参考基因组和转录组测序,大量关于纤维发育、响应非生物胁迫的候选基因被挖掘,以促进麻类作物纤维的物种特性和“不与粮食争好地”的逆境农业。同时不同麻类作物特异性状候选基因陆续被报道,如红麻雄性不育、亚麻种子含油量和大麻大麻素相关候选基因等。再次,麻类作物基因组测序完成为基于组学的麻类作物遗传改良提供可能:有助于麻类作物种质资源形成和演化机制研究,系统解析纤维产量、纤维品质、抗病耐逆等农艺性状形成的分子基础;有助于建立高通量基因型-表型数据库,挖掘优异基因资源与创制新种质;有助于创新并集成分子标记辅助选择、基因组选择、转基因等技术,建立高效的快速育种技术体系。宜选育高产高效、抗逆抗病、适宜轻简化机械化、优质专用的多用途麻类作物新品种,以满足麻类作物相关产业的市场需求,适应麻类作物生产方式。尽管已经获得重要基因以及位点的信息,但如何高效率利用已有基因资源对麻类作物进行遗传改良仍需面临一系列挑战,如成熟稳定的遗传转化体系、麻类作物基因编辑体系构建及基因组选择育种等。 相似文献
4.
普通小麦氮素利用效率相关性状全基因组关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
氮元素在粮食作物生长和发育过程起着不可替代的作用。发掘氮素利用效率相关基因对于提升小麦产量、减少环境污染具有重要意义。植株根系构型(root system architecture,RSA)代表着根系的结构及空间造型,显著受氮素水平影响。本研究在正常供氮和缺氮两种氮素水平下,对160份来自黄淮冬麦区和北部冬麦区普通小麦品系的根系构型相关性状(总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、平均根直径和根尖数)进行统计,并结合小麦660K SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)芯片基因分型数据对根系相关性状的相对值进行全基因组关联分析,以期发掘氮素利用效率相关位点。本研究检测到34个与氮素利用效率显著关联的SNP位点,可解释6.9%~15.4%的表型变异。关联位点在所有染色体均有分布,主要集中于1A、2B、3B、5B、6A、6B和7A染色体。11个位点与已报道位点重叠或接近,其他23个位点可能为新的位点。另外,在3B染色体上发现一个编码E3泛素连接酶的候选基因。 相似文献
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高温胁迫对植物正常生长发育及产量的影响越来越显著。为了适应外界环境的变化,植物进化出了一系列应对高温胁迫的分子遗传机制。类钙调磷酸酶B蛋白(CBL)互作蛋白激酶(CIPK),在ABA信号转导途径上积极参与植物对高温胁迫的响应。在前期全基因组关联分析的基础上,本实验克隆了一个与玉米耐高温性状相关的候选基因ZmCIPKHT, qRT-PCR结果表明ZmCIPKHT基因受高温胁迫的显著诱导。室内表型鉴定的实验发现过表达ZmCIPKHT的转基因拟南芥植株在高温胁迫下,比野生型的存活率显著提高,生长状态更好。玉米原生质体瞬时转化实验证明ZmCIPKHT蛋白定位于细胞核中。酵母双杂交实验验证了ZmCIPKHT蛋白与玉米CBLs家族中的ZmCBL4蛋白存在互作关系。同时, ZmCIPKHT转基因拟南芥在高温胁迫条件下,脱落酸(ABA)通路相关基因的表达水平有其相应的变化,揭示了ZmCIPKHT可能依赖于ABA信号转导通路来增强植物的耐热性。这些结果为解析玉米CBL-CIPK信号通路依赖于ABA途径对植物非生物胁迫响应的分子机制提供了新的实验根据。 相似文献
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根系是吸收水分和养分的主要器官,根系的生长状态会直接影响棉花对营养物质的吸收利用、对非生物胁迫的抵御能力以及产量。本研究选取220份陆地棉栽培种组成的自然群体和以鄂棉22为母本、3-79为父本获得的325份材料的海陆导入系群体为试验材料,对自然群体和导入系群体的根系4个主要表型性状(主根长、根鲜重、根干重和侧根夹角)进行采集,并结合基因组重测序对自然群体的4个根系性状进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明,自然群体材料的4个根系性状均符合正态分布,导入系群体材料的4个根系性状呈偏正态分布,导入系群体根系各指标的平均值均高于自然群体; 220份陆地棉重测序数据分析后共获得2,714,140个SNP;主成分分析表明,根鲜重和主根长可作为棉花根系分型的2个主要指标,通过这2个指标可将棉花根系分为9种类型。群体结构分析表明,自然群体可分为5个亚群。全基因组关联分析(GWAS)表明,自然群体中通过根鲜重和根干重同时关联到2个位点。本研究结果为进一步研究根系构型及其遗传机理提供理论基础,也对棉花抵御非生物胁迫的育种工作有重要的意义。 相似文献
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纤维是衡量大麦饲用品质的重要指标之一,其遗传机制解析对饲用大麦品种选育具有一定的指导意义。本研究以316份大麦品种为材料,连续2年种植于成都、康定两地,利用分布于大麦基因组上的75,289个SNPs对籽粒纤维素、半纤维素含量进行全基因组关联分析。利用TASSEL软件的混合线性模型,纤维素、半纤维素性状分别重复检测到65个、34个显著SNPs位点(P≤0.05/N),标记的平均解释表型变异率分别为13.18%、14.10%。纤维素、半纤维素含量在3个及以上环境中重复检测到的显著相关位点分别为4个、1个, 2个性状检测到了相同的SNP位点,说明2个性状存在遗传相关性。纤维素性状挖掘到6个候选基因,半纤维素性状挖掘到1个候选基因,为大麦纤维的遗传与分子机理研究及遗传改良奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
普通小麦主要农艺性状的全基因组关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解析小麦复杂农艺性状的遗传机制,本研究以150份小麦品种(系)为自然群体,在4个环境条件下测定了9个主要农艺性状,利用小麦35K SNP芯片,结合5种关联模型(Q、PCA、K、PCA+K、Q+K),进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明,全基因组多态性信息量PIC的范围为0.0950～0.5000,最小等位基因频率MAF值为0.0500～0.5000;群体结构分析和PCA分析均表明参试材料可分为两个亚群;连锁不平衡分析发现A基因组、B基因组、D基因组和全基因组的LD衰减距离分别为4.7、8、11和6 Mb。9个性状共检测到652个显著的关联位点(P≤0.001),其中21个SNP在2个或2个以上的环境中被重复检测到,分布在1A(1)、1B(4)、2A(3)、2D(2)、3A(1)、5A(1)、5B(5)、6A(1)、6B(2)和7D(3)染色体上; 1个SNP标记的物理位置未知, 3个SNP标记同时与2个性状显著关联;单个SNP的表型贡献率为7.67%～18.79%。8个优势等位变异在供试群体中所占比例较低,筛选出14个可能与小麦农艺性状相关的候选基因,其中TraesCS5B02G237200、TraesCS7D02G129700和TraesCS1B02G426300可能在植物抵御生物与非生物胁迫中起作用,TraesCS5B02G010800和TraesCS7D02G436800可能与植物激素的合成和响应有关,TraesCS2A02G092200可能与植物细胞壁的增强有关, TraesCS5A02G438800可能参与叶绿体发育,另外7个候选基因的功能未知。 相似文献
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转录因子(TF)对于调节植物靶基因的表达起到关键作用。脱水响应元件结合因子(DREB)是植物特异性转录因子家族,其成员参与调控植物对各种非生物胁迫的反应。然而,DREB家族尚未在油料树种文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)中得以鉴定,文冠果是中国北方最重要的耐逆树种之一。因此,本研究旨在以文冠果全基因组测序数据为基础,系统鉴定并表征文冠果中的DREB家族成员,利用转录组测序的方法分析XsDREB基因对于非生物胁迫的特异性响应。在本研究共获得54个文冠果DREB家族成员,它们均编码AP2结构域且大多数成员基因中缺乏内含子,可根据系统发育情况分为6个亚组。此外,RNA-seq结果显示14个XsDREB基因在冷胁迫下上调或下调,8个基因被发现参与盐胁迫响应。本研究结果为进一步研究文冠果DREB基因的功能奠定了基础,并将有利于文冠果的遗传改良。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(10):3251-3258
DNA甲基化是一类重要的表观遗传修饰,在植物对非生物胁迫的响应中发挥重要作用。DNA的甲基化需要DNA甲基转移酶催化。为挖掘扁蓿豆中DNA甲基转移酶基因,解析其是否参与扁蓿豆抗逆性应答,本研究利用RT-PCR技术从扁蓿豆中克隆到1个胞嘧啶5-甲基DNA转移酶基因,该基因含1 071 bp的开放阅读框,编码357个氨基酸。生物信息学分析确定该基因为DNA甲基转移酶1 MrMET1基因。实时荧光定量PCR显示,MrMET1基因在不同非生物胁迫(低温,干旱, NaCl)及ABA处理下,不同时间表达量呈现不同的变化趋势,推测该基因参与了扁蓿豆对非生物胁迫的响应。本研究结果对深入解析METs基因的功能,理解牧草对非生物逆境胁迫响应机制具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
11.
Meta-QTL analysis and identification of candidate genes related to root traits in maize 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jian Guo Lin Chen Yongxiang Li Yunsu Shi Yanchun Song Dengfeng Zhang Yu Li Tianyu Wang Deguang Yang Chunhui Li 《Euphytica》2018,214(12):223
Maize root system architecture determines key functions of uptake of water and nutrients in plants. A large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of root-related traits have been found in different populations of maize. Identification of consistent QTLs across diverse genetic backgrounds could be instrumental on marker-assisted selection of traits and identification of candidate functional genes. In this study, 20 published papers were investigated regarding on reported results of QTLs related to root traits of maize, and in total 428 individual QTLs for 23 root-related traits were used for meta-analysis, resulting in 53 Meta-QTLs (MQTLs) retrieved over ten maize chromosomes. Among these MQTLs regions, in total 45 maize homologs were considered as candidate genes affecting maize root traits by comparing with 7 genes from rice and 36 genes from Arabidopsis. Three maize genes (GRMZM5G813206, GRMZM2G167220 and GRMZM2G467069) identified from MQTL8-5 could play important roles on lateral root and crown root development of maize. Two of the MQTLs, i.e. MQTL7-2 and MQTL9-1, involved in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress responses and both of them with small physical distance (less than 3 Mb), could be used for abiotic stress improvement of maize root traits. These MQTLs and candidate genes will be helpful for future gene cloning and marker-assisted selection in maize. 相似文献
12.
矮秆突变体是小麦育种和株高遗传研究的重要基因资源。通过‘云麦53’成熟种子的EMS (Ethyl methyl sulfonate)诱变及诱变植株连续自交,获得了33个M3代候选突变体。通过诱变亲本与M2和M3代候选植株的株高差异分析,筛选到26个矮秆突变体,其株高变幅为(13.61±0.11)~(44.08±1.73) cm。基于8个矮秆基因的12个特异性标记检测发现, 26个矮秆突变体至少携带2个矮秆基因标记位点。除株高外, 26个矮秆突变体还携带穗长、小穗密度、节间数和平均节间长4个不同突变性状。26个矮秆突变体可聚为5个亚类,第1亚类的小穗数和小花数最少;第2亚类的株高最矮,穗长和平均节间长最短,小穗密度最高;第3亚类突变体的节间数最少。株高与平均节间长和节间数呈极显著相关,偏相关系数分别为0.94、0.58,但与穗长、小穗数、小花数和小穗密度4个性状无相关性。26个矮秆突变体的株高与平均节间长和节间数关联遗传,携带不同的突变基因组合,可用于小麦矮化育种,以及株高、穗长和小穗密度等性状的遗传机制研究。 相似文献
13.
Renganathan Vellaichamy Gandhimeyyan Vanniarajan Chockalingam Raveendran Muthurajan Renuka Raman 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):389-406
Millets are known for their resilience and nutritional benefits and hence believed to have a promising role in ensuring food and nutritional security under changing climatic conditions. Research on millets has intensified in recent years, especially in dissecting the genetic components of yield, stress tolerance and nutritional quality traits. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics and associated statistical procedures for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided wide opportunities to resolve the genetic complexity of polygenic traits by measuring historical and evolutionary recombination events in the natural population(s). During the past decade, GWAS has been successfully employed to identify key genes controlling growth, development, stress tolerance, nutrient use efficiency and nutritional quality traits in sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet and finger millet. However, progress in other minor millets is still in its infancy. Genetic dissection of these complex traits in millets may pave the way for genetic alteration of climate resilience, photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation in rice and wheat. In this review, progress in GWAS analysis in detecting QTLs underlying complex traits in sorghum and other millets is highlighted. 相似文献
14.
Drought is a major abiotic constraint for rice production worldwide. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance traits identified in earlier studies have large confidence intervals due to low density linkage maps. Further, these studies largely focused on the above ground traits. Therefore, this study aims to identify QTLs for root and shoot traits at the vegetative growth stage using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) based saturated SNP linkage map. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between Cocodrie and N-22 was evaluated for eight morphological traits under drought stress. Drought was imposed to plants grown in 75 cm long plastic pots at the vegetative growth stage. Using a saturated SNP linkage map, 14 additive QTLs were identified for root length, shoot length, fresh root mass, fresh shoot mass, number of tillers, dry root mass, dry shoot mass, and root-shoot ratio. Majority of the drought responsive QTLs were located on chromosome 1. The expression of QTLs varied under stress and irrigated condition. Shoot length QTLs qSL1.38 and qSL1.11 were congruent to dry shoot mass QTL qDSM1.38 and dry root mass QTL qDRM1.11, respectively. Analysis of genes present within QTL confidence intervals revealed many potential candidate genes such as laccase, Calvin cycle protein, serine threonine protein kinase, heat shock protein, and WRKY protein. Another important gene, Brevis radix, present in the root length QTL region, was known to modulate root growth through cell proliferation and elongation. The candidate genes and the QTL information will be helpful for marker-assisted pyramiding to improve drought tolerance in rice. 相似文献
15.
M. A. Rehman Arif K. Neumann M. Nagel B. Kobiljski U. Lohwasser A. B?rner 《Euphytica》2012,188(3):409-417
Seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting are important traits in bread wheat. Bi-parental populations have permitted the identification of several genes/quantitative trait loci controlling these traits, mapping to various bread wheat chromosomes. Here, we report the use of association mapping to uncover the genetic basis of both traits in a panel of 96 diverse winter wheat cultivars to establish the presence of marker-trait associations on many chromosomes. Potential candidate genes were identified by studying the gene content of the chromosome bins into which the major marker trait associations mapped. 相似文献
16.
Genetic mapping within the wheat D genome reveals QTL for germination, seed vigour and longevity, and early seedling growth 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling germination, seed vigour and longevity, and early seedling growth were identified
using a set of common wheat lines carrying known D genome introgression segments. Seed germination (capacity, timing, rate
and synchronicity) was characterized by a standard germination test, based either on the 1 mm root protrusion (germination
sensu stricto) or the development of normal seedlings. To quantify seed vigour, the same traits were measured from batches
of seed exposed for 72 h at 43°C and high (ca. 100%) humidity. Seed longevity was evaluated from the relative trait values.
Seedling growth was assessed both under non-stressed and under osmotic stress conditions. Twenty QTL were mapped to chromosomes
1D, 2D, 4D, 5D, and 7D. Most of the QTL for germination sensu stricto clustered on chromosome 1DS in the region Xgwm1291–Xgwm337. A region on chromosome 7DS associated with Xgwm1002 harboured loci controlling the development of normal seedlings. Seed vigour-related QTL were present in a region of chromosome
5DL linked to Xgwm960. QTL for seed longevity were coincident with those for germination or seed vigour on chromosomes 1D or 5D. QTL for seedling
growth were identified on chromosomes 4D and 5D. A candidate homologues search suggested the putative functions of the genes
within the respective regions. These results offer perspectives for the selection of favourable alleles to improve certain
vigour traits in wheat, although the negative effects of the same chromosome regions on other traits may limit their practical
use. 相似文献
17.
To obtain varieties with root systems adapted to marginal environments it is necessary to search for new genotypes in genetically diverse materials, such as landraces that are more likely to carry novel alleles for different root features. A core collection of ‘durum’ wheat, including three subspecies (dicoccon, turgidum and durum) from contrasting eco-geographical zones, was evaluated for root traits and shoot weight at the seminal root stage. Distinctive rooting phenotypes were characterized within each subspecies, mainly in subsp. durum. Contrasting rooting types, including large roots with shallow distributions, and others with high root numbers were identified. Correlations with climatic traits showed that root shape is more relevant in adaptation to eco-geographical zones in subsp. dicoccon, whereas in subsp. turgidum and durum, which come from warmer and drier areas, both size and shape of roots could have adaptive roles. Root traits with the largest positive effects on certain yield components under limited water conditions included root diameter in subsp. dicoccon, root size in turgidum, and root number in durum. Additionally, shoot weight at the seedling stage had important effects in subsp. turgidum and durum. Twenty-eight marker–trait associations (MTAs) previously identified in this collection for agronomic or quality traits were associated with seminal root traits. Some markers were associated with only one root trait, but others were associated with up to six traits. These MTAs and the genetic variability characterized for root traits in this collection can be exploited in further work to improve drought tolerance and resource capture in wheat. 相似文献
18.
Mahmoud Abo Elsaud El-Rawy Muhammad Youssef 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(3):183-189
Polyethylene glycol and cell membrane stability (CMS) assay were used to evaluate drought and heat tolerance, respectively, among 14 wheat lines based on seedling traits and molecular analysis. Significant variation was evidenced for all the investigated seedling traits. Different levels of heritability and genetic advance were found among the tested traits, indicating whether the trait is controlled by additive or non-additive gene action. Drought caused a significant reduction in root and shoot lengths. However, root/shoot ratio under drought stress was increased. Root length showed a highly significant negative correlation with drought susceptibility index (DSI) under drought conditions. Cluster analysis based on seedling traits separated lines mainly by DSI and CMS. Some lines showed drought and heat tolerance by exhibiting a low DSI with high CMS. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) generated a total of 135 bands, with a level of polymorphism ranging from 30 to 86% among the tested lines. SRAP showed its efficiency in discriminating wheat genotypes by gathering all high-DSIlines in one sub-cluster and generating 10 and 3 unique and specific bands for high-DSI-lines and low-DSI-lines, respectively. These bands could be used for further work as SRAP markers associated with drought tolerance in wheat. 相似文献
19.
M. van Ginkel D.S. Calhoun G. Gebeyehu A. Miranda C. Tian-you R. Pargas Lara R.M. Trethowan K. Sayre J. Crossa S. Rajaram 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):109-121
Bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for plant characteristics contributing to grain yield and plant adaptation
under various drought patterns. The usefulness of these traits as explicit selection criteria in developing drought tolerant
wheat varieties was investigated in three experiments. Cultivars from four germplasm groups, representing the four relevant
major and distinct global wheat growing environments, were grown under the respective simulated early, late, continuous and
no drought conditions by manipulating irrigation in north western Mexico. Additionally, 560 advanced lines from the CIMMYT
breeding program were grown under late drought conditions, and 16 randomly selected advanced genotypes were studied in more
detail under late and no drought conditions. In these three studies, the association between yield in drought-stressed environments
and yield in non drought-stressed environments was interpreted to reflect genotypic high yield potential, mainly by way of
high biomass development. However, yield potential only partly explained the superior performance under drought. For each
pattern of drought stress, particular and often different plant traits were identified that further contributed specific adaptation
to the distinct drought stress conditions. Knowledge of these traits will be useful for developing CIMMYT germplasm for specific
drought-stressed areas. Ultimately, these studies demonstrate that both yield potential and specific adaptation traits are
useful criteria in breeding for drought environments, and should be combined to achieve optimum performance and adaptation
to drought stress.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献