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对国内外茉莉花资源进行收集保存及评价，并比较不同生长调节剂及浓度对茉莉非试管快繁生根率、平均生根数的影响。在广西农科院花卉研究所和横县中华茉莉园分别建立了种质资源圃，共保存茉莉品种(系)33个，筛选出加工型茉莉品种越南单瓣茉莉和尖瓣茉莉，观赏型品种越南粉苞茉莉和金茉莉。茉莉非试管快繁，选用浓度750 mg/L的IBA溶液慢浸0.5 h，生根率最高，平均生根数最多，越南粉苞茉莉生根率为94.67%、平均生根数为7.2根，尖瓣茉莉生根率为92.00%、平均生根数为7.5根。 相似文献
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1 前 言试管苗的工厂化扩繁生产随着规模的不断扩大 ,逐渐建立了一套高效低成本的试管苗工厂化生产技术本系。在长期的探索中 ,对该体系的生产成本进行了细致、准确的核算 ,目的是不断降低成本 ,提高公司的经济效益和社会效益。2 试管苗的工厂化生产我们采用传统的人工光照组织培养进行马铃薯试管苗的工厂化生产。在此生产技术基础上 ,探索出一些适合当前工厂化生产的管理技术措施。2 1 培养基成分的改进(1)通过试验 ,去掉MS基本培养基中的肌醇及其高激素成分 ,对试管苗的生长影响不明显 ;(2 )用廉价、方便的自来水代替昂贵的纯净水或… 相似文献
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污染率对香蕉试管苗室内直接生产成本及繁殖速度的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文结合多年来的生产实践，从理论上就污染率对香蕉试管苗的室内直接生产成本及其繁殖速度的影响进行了分析和探讨。结果表明：（１）污染率每升高５个百分点，试管苗的室内直接生产成本将递增１０％以上，当污染率达３０％时，室内直接生产成本即累增１０６．５％；（２）污染率每上升５个百分点，试管苗的繁殖速度将递减４０％以上，污染率上升到１５％，繁殖速度即下降８０％。 相似文献
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马铃薯试管薯打破休眠技术研究吴承金（中国南方马铃薯研究中心湖北恩施４４５０００１前言在组培条件下获得的马铃薯试管微型薯（简称试管薯），由于结薯时间不一，休眠期长且发芽极不整齐，直接播于温室或网室后出苗时间长，不利于管理，极大地障碍着脱毒小薯的生产。赤... 相似文献
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马铃薯试管薯诱导与应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
马铃薯试管薯诱导与应用连勇（中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所北京０１００１８）马铃薯（ＳｏｌａｎｕｍｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍＬ．）是世界上主要粮食和蔬菜兼用作物之一，以无性繁殖为主，马铃薯“退化”导致产量和质量的下降，曾一度成为世界性的难题．随着植物组织培养技... 相似文献
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马铃薯试管薯生产技术规程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西吉县马铃薯生产研究所自1998年创建以来，一直通过试管苗移栽成基础苗，然后在基础苗上剪尖扦插的方法生产原原种，在多年的生产过程中出现两个缺点，一是试管苗移栽基础苗时成活率不高，二是在剪尖扦插的过程中脱毒苗易被染病。因此，在2003年我们设想用试管薯代替基础苗生产原原种，并尝试性进行生产试管薯，结果获得了试管薯50万粒，2004年扩大生产量收获试管薯300万粒，2005年1～3月份又成功收获试管薯100万粒。现将我们探究和总结出的试管薯生产技术介绍如下，以供马铃薯脱毒研究和生产者参考应用。 相似文献
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亚热带彩叶植物的水生诱变是利用计算机智能化技术，对室内花卉进行水生诱变。通过对温度、湿度、光照、土壤、营养、通风等环境因子有效调控，使植物根系由土生转变为水生，生产出水培花卉。本文通过对植物催根苗床、诱导水床建设、水培花卉的筛选及培育等试验研究，叙述水培花卉的生产过程。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献